NEBOSH - December 2002 - A1 - ANSWERS
北京外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试二外历年真题系列-2002年二外英语试题及答案
[C] of...speaks
[D] two... speak
10. That story about the haunted house is ______ long ______ tell.
[A] so ... to
[B] too.., for
[C] very ... for
[D] too ... to
[A] If she finished
[B] Having finished
[C] In order to finish
[D] When she finished
9. Neither _______ Joe’s parents _______ English.
[A] from... speaks
[B] one.., speak
competition.
[A] confront
[B] take
[C] lose
[D] appreciate
13. Tanagers(唐纳雀)are usually found in the forests, where they feed on insects, fruits and
flowers.
2. Although Bob is _____ age as Kathy, he isn’t _______ as she is.
[A] as same ... tall
[B] the same.., as tall
[C] same ... taller
[D] the same..., tall
3. Jennifer doesn’t smoke regularly, but she does have a cigarette______.
2020 参考2002年考研英语真题答案及解析
2002 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
文章第一段从早期的通信革命入手,指出在15、16 世纪和20 世纪之间发生了很多事情,特别是通信革命加快了步伐。
第二段接着提到20 世纪计算机的出现极大地改变了这一进程。
第三段指出随着计算机的发展,我们步入了一个信息社会。
在计算机影响下,通信革命改变了我们的工作和休闲方式,也影响了我们的思考和感知方式。
在结尾部分,文章提到,当然,关于这种通信革命在经济、政治、社会和文化各方面的影响是利大于弊还是弊大于利,还存在争议。
二、试题具体解析1.[A] between 在…当中,在空间、位置或时间的中间[B]before 在此之前早些时候,在…前面[C]since 自从…以后,以前[D]later 后来,稍后,随后[答案] A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:时间副词的用法辨析。
解此题关键看两个方面,一是理解文章第一句话的含义:人们曾对20 世纪电视的发展以及15 世纪和16 世纪印刷术的传播进行了比较。
二是注意转折连词yet的用法,yet一般标志着接下来的内容与前面的内容出现了较大的不同,如:She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.(她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了)。
文中第二句话结构非常简单,主语和谓语都无法体现与第一句话的强烈对照,这时只能通过空格里填入的时间状语来体现了,因此这个时间副词应与第一句话中的时间状语in the 20th century 和in the 15th and 16th centuries 相呼应并对照。
接下来关键看这个时间副词表示的是哪个时间段,15、16 世纪之前,20 世纪之后还是两者之间。
其实我们从下文中的the 19th century 也可以推断出正确答案是between,即“然而,在这两个时段之间却发生了很多事情”。
2002全国大学生英语竞赛试题题样 答案
¡¡ 2002È«¹ú´óѧÉúÓ¢ÓᄎÈüÊÔÌâÌâÑù+´ð°¸¡¾µÚ1Â¥¡¿2002È«¹ú´óѧÉúÓ¢ÓᄎÈüÊÔÌâÌâÑù+´ð°¸2002È«¹ú´óѧÉúÓ¢ÓᄎÈüÊÔÌâÌâÑùPart I Listening Comprehension(30 minutes,30 points)Section A Dialogues(10 points)Directions:In this section,you will hear 10 shortconversations.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A,B,C and D,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A.Setting the table. B.Polishing silverware.aaaC.Sewing napkins. aaaD. Stocking a pantry.2. A.He publishes books. aaa aB.He is a writer.aaaC.He collects automobiles. D. He works in industry.3. A.Whether she is in good health.aaaB.Whether she has corresponded with her relativesrecently.aaaC.Whether she is about to write to her folks.aaaD.Whether she still receives a lot of letters.4. A.Don¡¯t subscribe to the journal. B.Read adifferent journal.aaaC.Find a better engineer. D.Don¡¯t save any money.5. A.It will probably rain. aaa B.It will probably befoggy.aaaC.It will probably not rain. D. It will probably becold.6. A.Get directions to the bus station. B.Get to thegrocery store.aaaC.Give the man directions to the bus station.aaaD.Find out where the stoplight is.7. A.Borrow the typewriter. B.Visit the woman.aaaC.Go home soon. D.Read the woman¡¯s paper.8. A.Winter is his favorite season for sports.B.Sports are quite aaaaaimportant to him.aaaC.He should be more enthusiastic. D.He plays better than he used to.9. A.The situation looks better than it is.aaaB.The phone connection was bad.aaaC.The two women ought to speak to each other in person.aaaD.It¡¯s better to be courageous.10.A.A restaurant. aaB. A hotel.aaaC.A hospital. aaa D.An airport.Section B News Items (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 piecesof short news. At the end of each news, a question will be asked about what was said. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.11.A.On December 31, 2001. B.On January 1,2002.aaaC.On the day when China won the bid to host the2008 Olympics.aaaD.On the day when China entered the WTO.12.A.For anti-terrorism. B.For peace talk.aaaC.For exchanging the prisoners of war.aaaD.For improving the bilateral relationship.13.A.The talks was held by US President Bush andUnited Nations aaaSecretary General Koffi Annan.aaaB.There are 6 million refugees needed help.aaaC.The refugees are Afghans.aaaD.The refugees are in Afghanistan,Pakistan andIran.14.A.Chinese and Jews. B.Jews and Japanese.aaaC.Indians and Germany. D.Germany and Indians.15.A.To improve the relations between Iraq and Iran. aaaB.To improve the relations between Iraq and Kuwait.aaaC.To improve the relations between Iran and Jordan.aaaD.To improve the relations between Iran and Jordan.16.A.Vitamin C. B.Vitamin E.aaaC.Both Vitamin C and Vitamin E. D.Neither Vitamin Cnor Vitamin E.17.A.The Group of Eight Leaders Meeting was held in Genoa, Italy.aaaB.The police used tear gas against thedemonstrators who marched aaaaapeacefully.aaaC.The police used tear gas against 100,000 demonstrators.aaaD.The conflict happened the first day of the Groupof Eight Leaders aaaaaMeeting.18.A.Forty. B.Three. C.Fortyª²four. D.Four.19.A.The refugees were forced to Canada by Indonesian police.aaaB.The refugees were forced to America by Australian police.aaaC.The refugees were forced to Australia byIndonesian police.aaaD.The refugees were forced to Indonesia byAustralian police.20.A.24. B.33. C.10. D.14.Section C Compound Dictation(10 points)Directions:In this section,you will hear a passagethree times.When the passage is read for the firsttime,you should listen carefully for its generalidea.Then listen to the passage again.When the passageis read for the second time,you are reª²quired to fill inthe blanks numbered from 21 to 28 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 29 to 30 you are required to fill in the missing information.You can either use the exact words you have just heardor write down the main points in your own words.Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written and rewrite thecorrect answers on the Answer Sheet.aaaThe conflict in Northern Ireland appears to be a religious war,but many Irish people would argue that it isn¡¯t.Its (21)____are in the English colonization of Ireland.¡¡¡¡In the sixteenth century,England colonizedor¡°planted¡±most of Ireland by taking land from the natives and giving it to British people,so creating a population (22)____ to England.¡¡¡¡Ubster,(23)____of the four Irish provinces,was the last part to be planted,early in the seventeenth century.Plantations in other parts of the land had not been as successful as the English had hoped.They learned from their mistakes and planted Ubster in a much more(24)____and organized way.There were also far more(25)____immigrants from Scotland to Ubster than to other parts of Ireland.¡¡¡¡Religion has been an indication,for nearly 300 years,of whether someone is a (26)____of the colonizers or the colonized.Throughout this time,certain sectors of each(27)____have kept separate from each other,growing up with a mixture of history and emotional (28)____which helps keep hostility alive.¡¡¡¡Acting under pressure from the Protestant community,who had formed an army to defend their rightto remain part of Great Britain,(29)____.¡¡¡¡Under this new State,Catholics suffered variousforms of discrimination,(30)____.¡¡¡¡The present troubles began in 1968 and 1969 when peaceful marches for Catholic civil rights wereviolently attacked.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15 minutes,30points)Section A Multiple Choice(20 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.31. Twenty years ago in an interview,I faced threemen______my age armed with a hundred reasons as to why I was the woman for the job.A.two timesB.twiceC.older thanD.as old as32. I had done my research.Not only that,but having already worked for the company,I naively believed they knew me and______I was capable of.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what33.So their first question floored me.¡°Tellme,Christa,¡±said the smug one,¡°what would you do if one of the children fell ill and you______at home?¡±A.are hopedB.should stayC.were neededD.be wished34. I remember______something about having a husbandwho was very flexible and a nanny,a mother and amotherª²inª²law who could step ¡¡in at short notice¡ªA.mutteringB.saidC.answerD.had uttered35. But from______,you could forget my carefullyprepared speech about the future of the company and my role in it.A.the timeB.that moment onC.the instantD.that day36. If the question were asked of me today Iwould______the idiot whoaasked it by saying:¡°Tell me,as a parent,what would you do if yourachild were ill?A.be againstB.go to askC.turn it back onD.like tomake37. You¡¯d explain to what I would hope is a caring company and be told to leave the office and______foryour family.¡±A.be thereB.go toC. arriveD.be available38. But I was______that brave nor that bolshy in those days.A.soB.alsoC.eitherD.neither39. ______,I got the job¡ªprobably because,as a woman,I was cheaper.A.SurprisinglyB.ObviouslyC.As a resultD.Therefore40. Needless to say,none of the other male______wasasked the same question.A.colleguesB.candidatesC.workmatesD.participants41. I mention it only because I am______about the Government¡¯s plan to bring in new laws which would give parents the right to ask for childª²friendly working hours,not because it¡¯s not right and proper¡ªA.worriedB.curiousC.eagerD.uneasy42. but because______it will give firms the excuse to discriminate from the word go.A.it is seeminglyB.it is likelyC.it seems to meD.it likes me43. ______,which was supposed to herald the right to flexible workingaand childª²friendly hours now also gives bosses the right to say no if they believe it will damage business.A.This wateredª²down new version of a lawB.This new,wateredª²down version of a lawC.This new version wateredª²down lawD.This law of new version wateredª²down44. So who will win,nine times out of 10?Those payingthe wages,that¡¯s who:they¡¯re doing the recruiting.Male and single______female with children¡ªguess who¬ðll get the job?A.andB.orC.butD.nor45. It could set back equality in theworkplace______,and there will be few who will be in a position to take their complaint to tribunal.A.by decadesB.for tens of yearsC.in a centuryD.fora long time46. Like partª²time policewoman Michelle Chew,awarded compensation when bosses refused to change her______to allow the single mother to look after herchildren.Result?A.normalB.everydayC.routineD.shift47. They lost an officer with______experience,and taxpayers in Avon and Somerset footed the bill.What kind of business sense is that?A.13 yearsB.13 year¬ðsC.13 years¬ðD.13ª²year48. But this is not just a male______femaleissue,although the danger is that¡¯s what it will become.A.versusB.againstC.oppositeD.and49. ______is the British firm which is said to berefusing to bring home an executive from New YorkA.What a pityB.How heartlessC.So indifferentD.Whata shame50. who¡¯s worried about his son waking up screaming in the night after he was at school near the World Trade Center______the hijackers struck?A.at the timeB.on the dayC.in the instantD.by the momentSection B Error Correction(10 points)Directions:The following passage contains 9 errors.In each case only one word is involved. You shouldproofread the passage on the Answer Sheet and correct it in the following way:Part III Situational Dialogues (5 minutes,10 points)Directions:Complete the following dialogues bychoosing the best answer.Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.61. Tom:My team played a series of games.Mike:________________________Tom:We won the first two games,but lost the lastthree.A.Oh,really?B.How did you do?C.Congratulations!D.You did a good job!62. Mary:I feel really homesick.I want to go backhome.David:________________________When you are more accustomed to aaaaaabeing here,you will feel happier.A.Don¡¯t worry.You¡¯ll be better tomorrow.B.You¡¯d better not.C.You haven¡¯t adjusted to this new place yet.D.OK,you can go now.63. Ricard:Do you believe that smoking causes cancer? Dillon:________________________They showed people who smoke get aaaaaaacancer much more often than people who don¡¯t smoke.A.Maybe yes.B.Yes.Doctors have proved it.C.To tell the truth,I don¡¯t believe it.D.Personally speaking,I doubt it.64. Kate:John¡¯s a real baseball fan!Tony:________________________He goes to baseball games all the aaaaatime or watches them on TV.A.Yes,he really loves baseball.B.However,he is a bad player.C.He must cool himself down.D.Oh,what he does is ridiculous.65. Tina:A woman stole fifty dollars from me.I gaveher the money aaaaabecause she said it would help a sick girl in the hospital.Eve:________________________It¡¯s worse than being robbed by aaaasomeone with a gun!Tina:Well,it¡¯s not as dangerous as being robbed by someone with aaaaaa gun.Eve:________________________Tina:That¡¯s true.I guess fraud is just as bad as other types of aaaaacrime.A.How horrible it is!;I¬ðd rather be robbed by someone with a ¡¡aagun.B.You are kindª²hearted.;Be careful next time.C.I don¡¯t think there¬ðs really a sick girl waiting for your aamoney.;I agree with you.D.That¡¯s a terrible crime.;Yes,but in the future youwill be aaless trusting than before.66. Jimmy:I think honeybees are very usefulinsects.They make honey ¡¡¡¡ ffor us.Amy:________________________They also help the flowersgrow aaaintoafruit.Jimmy:But I don¡¯t like termites.I think they¡¯re disgusting.Amy:________________________They¬ðre actually a verygood source ¡¡¡¡of food.People in some countries eat them.Jimmy:Really?I didn¡¯t know that.A.I love honey very much.;Me too.B.They never do the least harm to us.;That¡¯s wrong.C.That¡¯s a good point.;I¡¯m not sure I agree with you.D.We have different opinions.;On the contrary,they arenot aadisgusting.67. Beth:Always be honest with your patients.That¡¯swhat my advisor aaaaatold me to do.Ken:________________________I always try to tell mypatients the aaaatruth.A.Don¡¯t believe what he said.B.That¡¯s a good rule tolive by.C.Saying is easier than doing.D.Yes,I do like to follow,although some patients don¡¯tlike it.68. Sally:Are you going to get a new car?Dick:________________________If my old car stopsworking,I¡¯ll ¡¡¡¡¡¡have to buy a new one.A.It depends on my old car.B.Of course.A new car iscool!C.No,I won¡¯t.D.I¡¯d like to have your opinion.69. Nora:You¡¯re late.Now we¡¯ll miss the movie.Alex:________________________I was stuck in traffic.A.Why are you so impatient?B.Oh,you should go to the movie by yourself.C.There¡¯s nothing serious,I think.D.I¡¯m sorry,honey.I apologize.70. Jenny:So Joe,I heard your sister decided to gointo the army.¡¡¡¡Joe:Well,I don¡¯t know.Most of the people in the army are men.I aaaadon¡¯t think women should be in the army.It¡¯s really a man¡¯s aaaajob.You have to be strong.Jenny:Strong,huh.¡¡________________________¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Joe:No,notlike a man.Jenny:Oh,I see.A.What do you think about that?;Don¡¯t you think womencan be ¡¡¡¡¡¡strong?B.That¡¯s a good news.;I am strong enough.C.What are you going to do?;It doesn¡¯t matter.D.I¡¯m sorry to hear that.;Don¡¯t you think you arestrong?Part IV Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 40 points)Section A Multiple Choice(20 points)Directions:There are 2 reading passages in thispart.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:HARD DISK DRIVE TECHNOLOGY¡¡¡¡A few years ago,a query about the health of aperson¡¯s hard disk drive would have been met with ablank stare.Nowadays,almost everyone is aware of thisremarkable electronic storage medium that is part ofevery modern computer,even though most users remainignorant of the complexity of hard drive technology.¡¡¡¡In the early days of computing,an information record of a computer¡¯s memory content was kept on punched cards similar to the way in which an automated piano stores the keynote sequences on a piano ter,magnetic tape was used to store electronic signals,and is still the favoured means of economically backing up the contents of hard drives.However,accessing information sequentially stored on tape is slow since the electronic data must be input through a fixed head in single pass.¡¡¡¡Hard disk drives solve this problem by incorporating a spinning platter on which magnetic data can be made accessible via a moving head that reads and writes information across the width of the disk.It is analogous to(ÏàËƵÄ)the way in which a person can choose to play a particular track on a CD player by causing the arm to move the head across the disk.The CD player is,in fact,necessarily similar in design to a hard drive,although there are significant differences in speed of data access.¡¡¡¡Most modern hard drives incorporate severalplatters(´ÅÅÌ) to further reduce the time spent seekingthe required information. Also,some newer drives havetwo heads;one for reading,and a second head for writingdata to disk.This separation of tasks enables muchhigher densities of magnetic information to be writtenon the platter,which increases the capacity of the harddrive.¡¡¡¡There are three important ways in which the capacity of hard disks has been increased.First,the data code itself has been tightened with express coding techniques.Second,as previously noted,the headtechnology has been improved;and third,the distancebetween the heads and the platters has been greatlyreduced.It is hard to believe,but the head can be madeto pass over the magnetised platter at distances of less than 1 microinch(the width of a typical human hair is 5000 microinches).This is achieved by means of a special protective coating applied to the platter.Each of these three improvements enables speedier access to the data.¡¡¡¡Hard drives are more commonplace than tape recorders these days,but it must be remembered that they are much more fragile.Treated with respect they may last a number of years,but they are quite easily damaged,often with disastrous consequences for the user,whose precious data can become lost forever.Dropping a drive is almost always fatal,as is passing an incorrect electrical current through one(by faulty connection).Dust and even extremes of temperature can cause failure. Yet,no physical damage can ever result from the input of data via the keyboard or mouse.Of course,over time the magnetised coating on the platters will erode,yet this is almost entirely independent of the amount of use.¡¡¡¡There are serious questions being raised about thedirection of the future of electronic storage media.Some researchers claim that it would be wiser to invest more time and money in setting up systems for streaming data across networks of computers from centralised banks of information storage.This would avoid the need for each personal computer user to have his or her own copy of a software program resident on a local hard drive.Personal data files could be kept at a central storage unit,and be suitably protected from disaster by a failª²safe(¾ßÓÐ×Ô¶¯·ÀÖ¹¹ÊÕÏÌØÐÔµÄ) backup system.¡¡¡¡As the Internet becomes ever more pervasive(±é²¼µÄ),and the speed of access to other machines increases across our telephone lines,it might be possible to do away with local storage systems altogether.71.Magneticallyª²coated disks are one of many typesof________.aaaA.sequential access information systemsrmation storage solutionsaaaC.tape storage solutionsaaaD.CD players72.Connecting a hard drive incorrectlyusually________.aaaA.results in excess temperatureaaaB.erodes the magnetised material on the plattersaaaC.damages the keyboard or mouseaaaD.destroys the drive73.Keyboard or mouse use can easily cause________.aaaA.incorrect electrical currentsaaaB.the magnetised coating on the platter to wear outaaaC.physical damage to the hard disk driveaaaD.none of the above74.In the future,a computer user might be able toaccess personal data aaafiles from________.aaaA.a central storage unitaaaB.a local hard driveaaaC.a software programaaaD.the local bank75.Centralised banks of storage informationcould________.aaaA.offer better protection of a user¡¯s data filesaaaB.stream data across telephone linesaaaC.mean the end of local storage systemsaa D.all of the aboveQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage:LIVING EXPENSES¡ªA GUIDE FOR OVERSEAS STUDENTS¡¡¡¡At the turn of the century it is estimated that astudent living alone requires on average A$12,000(Australian dollars)in living expenses for eachyear of study in Australia.Of course,these costsincrease with time.¡¡¡¡Upon arrival,students should have funds in excess of the average to cover the cost of text books andestablishment expenses such as rental bond payment andbasic furniture items.The amount spent on food,recreation,and entertainment expenses will varyaccording to requirements,budget,and location.¡¡¡¡Those who are prepared to live in sharedaccommodation,which may not be suitable for all,mightmanage on A$10,000 per year.It is preferable foroverseas students whose English is in need of practiceto take advantage of live in situations withnativeª²speakers whenever possible.However,sharing withfriends who are easy to communicate with is probablymore sensible at first.¡¡¡¡The above figures do not include the cost of largenon-essential items such as household equipment or acar.Owning and maintaining a motorvehicle is expensivein Australia. Insurance is compulsory and costly,andparking both on and off campus can be a problemrequiring additional expense.It is not advisable for astudent to own a car unless it is absolutely necessary.A reasonable secondª²hand car can cost in excess of A$4000.¡¡¡¡Educational institutions are almost always servicedby reliable public transport.The university and collegecampuses within the major cities are well served bypublic buses.In addition,the larger cities haveextensive train systems.For example,in Sydney,mostcollege and university campuses are only 10 or 20minutes from a rail station.¡¡¡¡The summer vacation requires special financialplanning.Expenses for this period must be carefullyestimated and added to costs for the academic year inorder to give a realistic total figure for the calendaryear.They are not included in the estimatedA$10,000¡ªA$12,000 previously quoted.University eatingfacilities,and some university and college housingfacilities,close during this time.As a generalrule,international students should expect to spend atleast as much on monthly living expenses during thesummer as they do during the academic year.¡¡¡¡Under present immigration regulations,internationalstudents are allowed to work up to 20 hours during termtime and fullª²time during vacation.It is impossible for students to expect to earn sufficient funds workingpartª²time to pay for tuition fees and living costs.While some students are able to supplement their funds with money from partª²time and/or vacation work,such work is not always regular even when available,and this can contribute to anxiety and study problems.In general,it is unrealistic to start a course with insufficient funds inthe hope that¡°something will turn up¡±.Students should be aware that vacation work has become more difficult to find over the last few years,but those interested can contact the Commonwealth Employment Service or the Students¡¯ Union on campus. Student Expenses per Annum in Percentages¡¡¡¡Warm clothes are necessary in the southern Statesduring winter months,as night temperatures can drop toless than 10 degrees Celsius.Students should bring asmuch clothing from home as possible,especially if fundsare rmation on where to buy inexpensiveclothes can be obtained from the International StudentCentre of most colleges and universities.¡¡¡¡Do not rush into buying expensive text books.It isadvisable to wait until your first lectures andtutorials,and then ask academic staff which are theessential purchases.There is usually a secondª²handbookshop on campus,and used texts are also advertised on faculty noticeboards. ¡¡¡¡The Students¡¯ Union coordinates a number of outlets on the various university campuses that providestationery items and other essential study equipment atreasonable prices.Some courses require specialisedequipment which can be quite costly,and it is wise tocheck any additional costs involved with the course ofyour choice.¡¡¡¡In general,those practically orientated courses tend to incur(ÕÐÖÂ)higher additional costs.Expenses forbooks,stationery,and equipment vary greatly,but youshould allow approximately $500¡ª$1000 a year.¡¡¡¡Most university campuses have banks and/or creditunions.The banks issue drafts,traveller¬ðs cheques orforeign currency notes,and accept telex or airmailtransactions.In some colleges and universities thecredit union is the institution¬ðs own credit union.Inaddition to normal banking and financial services(withno transaction charges),credit unions usually provide。
2002年12月四级考试真题与答案6
Four Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they've become wealthier and more wordly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to "Have a nice day" has caught on all over Israel. "Nobody wakes up in the morning and say, 'Let's be nicer,'" says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. "Nothing happens without competition." Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies(垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls "the revengeful(报复的) consumer." When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, "People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service." The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half hour. The graceless EI Al Airlines, which is already at auction(拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, "You can f eel the change in the air." For the first time, praise out numbers complaints on customer survey sheets. 26.It may be inferred from the passage that _________ . A) customer service in Israel is now improving B) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please C) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel D) Israel customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones 27.In the author's view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________ . A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management B) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers C) if there's no competition among companies D) without strict routine training of employees 28.If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, _________ . A) they can have it fixed in no time B) it's no longer necessary to make an appointment C) the appointment takes only half a day to make D) they only have to wait half an hour at most 29.The example of El Al Airlines shows that ______________ . A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises B) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty C) a good slogan has great potential for improving service D) staff retraining is essential for better service 30.Why did Bezaq's international branch lose 40% of its market share? A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough. B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service. C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better. D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.。
2002年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案
2002年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Part A (每题1分,共5分)Directions:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you?ve heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)1、Major at University2、Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year)3、Field Study in the South Pacific (Age)4、Main Interest5、Professorship at Columbia Started (Year)Section Ⅰ Part B(每题1分,共5分)Directions: For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-knownU.S.journalist. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)6、Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside the speaker?s home?7、 One reporter got to the speaker?s apartment pretending to pay8、The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking9、Where is a correction to a false story usually placed?10、According to the speaker, the press will lose readers unless the editors and the news directors .Section Ⅰ Part C (共三节,满分10分)Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A] ,[B],[C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points) Questions 11-13 are based on a report about children?s healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11、What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time?[A]How much exercise they get every day.[B]What they are most worried about.[C]How long their parents accompany them daily.[D]What entertainment they are interested in.12、The academy suggests that children under age two[A]get enough entertainment.[B]have more activities.[C]receive early education.[D]have regular checkups.13、According to the report, children?s bedrooms should[A]be no place for play.[B]be near a commom area.[C]have no TV sets.[D]have a computer for study.Questions 14-16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14.According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up?[A]Family debts.[B]Bank savings.[C]Monthly bills.[D]Spending habits.15、How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack?a?day habit?[A]$190,000[B]$330,000[C]$500,000[D]$1,000,00016、What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth?[A]Invest into a mutual fund.[B]Use the discount tickets.[C]Quit his eating?out habit.[D]Use only paper bills and save coins.Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Gliederman, a domestic?relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17.Which word best describes the lawyer?s prediction of the change in divorce rate?[A]Fall.[B]Rise.[C]V?shape.[D]T?shape.18、What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?[A]To embrace changes of thought.[B]To adapt to the disintegrated family life.[C]To return to the practice in the ?60s and ?70s.[D]To create stability in their lives.19、Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?[A]They feared the complicated procedures.[B]They wanted to go against the trend.[C]They were afraid of losing face.[D]They were willing to stay together.20、Years ago a divorced man in a company would have.[A]been shifted around the country.[B]had difficulty being promoted.[C]enjoyed a happier life.[D]tasted little bitterness of disgrace.Section II Use of English(满分10分)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (21)[]. As was discussed before, it was not (22)[] the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre?electronic (23)[], following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (24)[] of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (25)[] up,beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (26)[] through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (27)[] the 20th?century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees the process in (28)[]. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, (29)[], that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (30)[] by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (31)[] its impact on the media was not immediately (32)[]. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful,and they became “personal”too. as well as (33)[], with display becoming sharper and storage (34)[] increasing. They were thought of, like people, (35)[] generations, with the distance between generations much (36)[]. It was within the computer age that the term “information society”began to be widely used to describe the (37)[] within which we now live. The communications revolution has (38)[] both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (39)[] views about its economic ,political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed (40)[] “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.21、[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later22、[A]after[B]by[C]during[D]until23、[A]means[B]method[C]medium[D]measure24、[A]process[B]company[C]light[D]form25、[A]gathered[B]speeded[C]worked[D]picked26、[A]on[B]out[C]over[D]off27、[A]of[B]for[C]beyond[D]into28、[A]concept[B]dimension[C]effect[D]perspective29、[A]indeed[B]hence[C]however[D]therefore30、[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated[D]characterized31、[A]unless[B]since[C]lest[D]although32、[A]apparent[B]desirable[C]negative[D]plausible33、[A]institutional[B]universal[C]fundamental[D]instrumental34、[A]ability[B]capability[C]capacity[D]faculty35[A]by means of[B]in terms of[C]with regard to[D]in line with36、[A]deeper[B]fewer[C]nearer[D]smaller37、[A]context[B]range[C]scope[D]territory38、[A]regarded[B]impressed[C]influenced[D]effected39、[A]competitive[B]controversial[C]distracting[D]irrational40、[A]above[B]upon[C]against[D]withSection ⅢReading Comprehension Part A (满分40分)Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Passage1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh,that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.41. To make your humor work, you should ________.[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.[A] impolite to new arrivals[B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges[D] very busy even during lunch hours43. It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.[A] have benefited many people[B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor[D] have often been the laughing stock44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered________.[A] in well-worded language[B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements[D] as casually as possible45. The best title for the text may be ________.[A] Use Humor Effectively[B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech[D] Different Humor Strategiespassage 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics — the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for thetransaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy —far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world."Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work[D] the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work47. The word "gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means ________.[A] programs[B] experts[C] devices[D] creatures48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can ________.[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery[B] interact with human beings verbally[C] have a little common sense[D] respond independently to a changing world49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.[A] make a few decisions for themselves[B] deal with some errors with human intervention[C] improve factory environments[D] cultivate human creativity50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ________.[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information[D] best used in a controlled environmentpassage 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies —to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ________.[A] global inflation[B] reduction in supply[C] fast growth in economy[D] Iraq's suspension of exports52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ________.[A] price of crude rises[B] commodity prices rise[C] consumption rises[D] oil taxes rise53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ________.[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ________.[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry55. From the text we can see that the writer seems ________.[A] optimistic[B] sensitive[C] gloomy[D] scaredpassage 4The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessingand treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide57. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.[D] A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.58. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is ________.[A] prolonged medical procedures[B] inadequate treatment of pain[C] systematic drug abuse[D] insufficient hospital care59. Which of the following best defines the word "aggressive" (line 1, paragraph7)?[A] Bold.[B] Harmful.[C] Careless.[D] Desperate.60. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they ________.[A] manage their patients incompetently[B] give patients more medicine than needed[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patientsSection Ⅲ Part B (每题2分,共10分)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.(61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.(62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.(63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.(64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends?(65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section IV Writing?66. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures —National and International".?In the essay you should?1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and?2) give your comment on the phenomenon.?You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)?2002年考研英语真题答案Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)Part A (5 points)1. sociology2. 19303. 234. religions5. 1954 Part B (5 points)6. cameramen/camera men7. a personal visit8. depressed9. among advertisements10. take firm actionPart C (10 points)11. [D] 12. [B] 13. [C] 14. [D] 15. [B]16. [A] 17. [A] 18. [D] 19. [C] 20. [B]Section II: Use of English (10 points)21. [A] 22. [D] 23. [C] 24. [B] 25. [B]26. [A] 27. [D] 28. [D] 29. [C] 30. [B]31. [D] 32. [A] 33. [A] 34. [C] 35. [B]36. [D] 37. [A] 38. [C] 39. [B] 40. [C]Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) Part A (40 points)41. [C] 42. [B] 43. [D] 44. [D] 45. [A]46. [C] 47. [C] 48. [D] 49. [B] 50. [C]51. [B] 52. [D] 53. [D] 54. [A] 55. [A]56. [B] 57. [C] 58. [B] 59. [A] 60. [D]Part B (10 points)61. 难题这一大于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
石油大学学位英语真题
2002年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题PAPER ONEPart I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A ( 1 point each )Directions: In this part, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The questions will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.1. A. In about 10 minutes. B. In about 20minutes.C. In about 30 minutes.D. In about 40 minutes.2. A. They don't like their next-door neighbor.B. They feel lonely here.C. They find the life here tough.D. They don t feel safe in this neighborhood.3. A. The manager was impatient with John.B. John was afraid of talking with the manager.C. John was not interested in the business.D. The room where they had the talk was a mess.4. A. It was interesting. B. It was boring.C. It was moving.D. It was an empty talk.5. A. She often goes outing with her neighbors.B. She thinks that her neighbors are trustworthy.C. She thinks that her neighbors are very friendly.D. She has much in common with her neighbors.6. A. Jane has changed a lot. B. Jane is artistic.C. Jane is conscientious.D. Jane's idea is not good enough.7. A. She didn't like them from the very beginning.B. She doesn't like their color.C. Their color is too close to that of the walls.D. Their color doesn't match that of the walls.8. A. They are amusing and instructive.B. They are popular and interesting.C. They are ridiculous and boring.D. They are uninteresting and outdated.9. A. Because John is as clumsy as a pig.B. Because John has never played a game like this.C. Because John is not as competitive as other players.D. Because John has no confidence in himself. Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this part you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.10. A. Being compulsory in most countries.B. Covering differently according to different situations.C. Helping the needy to survive.D. Sharing risks of possible losses.11. A. To prove that it is wise to spend money on insurance.B. To prove that buying insurance is a wasted investment.C. To tell us that the sense of security is very important in driving.D. To tell us that accidents may take place at any time.12. A. Business, poverty and health insurance.B. Car, liability and life insurance.C. Possessions, disability and health insurance.D. Liability, home and life insurance.13. A. They live on their parents' income.B. They live on food given by others.C. They live on begged food.D. They live on potatoes only.14. A. Their teachers died of AIDS.B. Their parents died of AIDS.C. They had no money to pay for the tuition.D. They were infected with HIV.15. A. About 4.2%. B. About 10%.C. About 20%.D. Less than 30%.Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0. 5 point each )Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide.A. announcedB. forgivenC. condemnedD. despised17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been proved.A. aspirationB. inspirationC. creativityD. breathing18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban's militaryinstallations.A. set aboutB. set outC. set apartD. set aside19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy.A. businessmanB. commodityC. substanceD. talent20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their parents.A. encourageB. surviveC. arouseD. fulfill21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region.A. helpfulB. uselessC. harmlessD. inappropriate22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick solutions.A. unexpectedB. undesirableC. comfortingD. grave23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.A. without any objectionsB. in the endC. in the darkD. against heavy odds24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field.A. institutionsB. standardC. prestigeD. application25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.A. exhaustedB. evaluatedC. deployedD. popularizedSection B (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding Letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.26. Harry Potter was originally _____ for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be crazy about the book.A. extendedB. intendedC. inclinedD. directed27. This experienced author was able to _____ the lifetime's work of Jefferson into one volume.A. suppressB. compressC. expressD. depress28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can _____ hundreds of different smells.A. nominateB. dominateC. eliminateD. discriminate29. The Chinese share the _______ that their life will become better and the country more prosperous.A. convictionB. speculationC. elaborationD. perspiration 30. After weeks of ______, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question of sick benefits.A. administrationB. arbitrationC. authorizationD. alternation31. It took this disabled boy a long time to _____ the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college.A. come up withB. come down withC. come up toD. come to terms with32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show______.A. clockwiseB. otherwiseC. elsewhereD. likewise33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian _____.A. involvementB. rebellionC. casualtiesD. anguish34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the mainland are _____.A. inexplicableB. irreplaceableC. indispensableD. inseparable35. President Bush said that the most urgent mission was to bring the wrongdoers to ______.A. justiceB. justificationC. adjustmentD. justifiabilityPart III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding Letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life's happiness and much of its 36 come from the same source — one's marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 37 or as much anguish. As the accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 38 .But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 39 but are stuck in stagnant waters. ―We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,‖ 40 a woman married for more than 30 years. ―My husband is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 41 enemy.‖ Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said, ―My wife has told me that she doesn't love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 42 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 43 .‖Of course, some in such terrible straits 44 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 45 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 46 state.―Unlikely to divorce legally,‖ she says, ―these spouses choose to 47 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.‖Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 48 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the only 49 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages canbe saved — not only from the 50 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.36. A. mighty B. misery C. mystery D. myth37. A. delight B. dismay C. dignity D. destiny38. A. late B. later C. latter D. last39. A. ashore B. afloat C. arrogant D. ascended40. A. conferred B. compromised C. confessed D. confided41. A. passional B. feeling C. emotional D. sensational42. A. separate B. parting C. different D. divided43. A. excused B. forgiven C. comprehended D. tolerated44. A. intensify B. terminate C. reinforce D. betray45. A. in the end C. in the wayB. out of the count D. out of the question46. A. loving B. lovely C. loved D. loveless47. A. insist on B. persist in C. remain with D. keep in with48. A. resign B. deposit C. expel D. return49. A. pattern B. destination C. alternative D. route50. A. addiction B. agony C. abuse D. abolitionPart IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneMoviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer's most anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-creates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn't the film's only reminder of the past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of all time. Like Titanic, Harbor heaps romance and action around a major historical event. Like Titanic, Harbor attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours. Both stories center on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men; In Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, ahigh-society type played by a British actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale).The scenes of peril also have similarities. Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled of the Titanic's climactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the middle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic.And the jaw-dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor's, 40-minute re-creation of the Dec. 7, 1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could be spent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at the same location; Fox Studios Baja in Mexico.Harbor's makers have even taken a Titantic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film includes one song. There You'll be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic, which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion's MY Heart Will Go On.―If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching for even more historical romance-action materi al.‖ says a critic.51. What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?A. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.B. Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits.C. The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.D. Sinking boats and famous actors.52. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of the following aspects EXCEPT_____.A. both spent large amount of money on special effectsB. both have soundtracks starring a major pop starC. both added made-up stories to historical eventsD. both are documentary movies of historical events53. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?A. Kate Beckinsale.B. Ben Affleck.C. Kate Winslet.D. Faith Hill.54. What does the phrase ―cost a pretty penny‖ in the first paragraph mean?A. To be very attractive.B. To cost a lot.C. To have big box office returns.D. To require a lot of effort to accomplish.55. If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic, which of the following movies might we see next?A. The Battle of Waterloo.B. The Advents of Mr. Bean.C. Space Invaders.D. The Haunted House.56. It is said in the passage that ____.A. major historical events can never repeat themselvesB. both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearanceC. Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than TitanicD. Titanic is the most successful film in historyPassage TwoA few weeks ago my mother called to say there was a warrant out for my arrest. I was mystified. I‘d like to think myself dangerous but I‘m a mild-mannered journalist. I don't have a criminal record, though the address on my driver‘s license is my mother‘s - thus the ―raid.‖ I hadn‘t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled the scene after backing a Jeep into a crowd of people.But this is Mayor Giuliani s New York, where it doesn‘t take much to draw the attention of cops. New Yorkers know all about Hizzonor‘s banning homeless cleaning men from approaching drivers and offering to clean their windshields. H‘s also cracked down on street vendors. Yuppie that 1 am. I‘ve never given much thought to what it felt like to be on the other side of the law.So when the cops came knocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my embarrassment upon discovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of apartment after dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up and wrote me a tic ket. The charge: violating New York City‘s open-container laws. Yeah. I probably shouldhave paid it then and there. But instead I stuck the pink slip in my back pocket and forgot about it.When I called to inquire about my case. I was told to ―speak with Officer Kosenza.‖ But I didn‘t get a chance. Kosenza called me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend. He wanted me to come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York‘s police are in a bind. With crime falling to recor d lows, it's getting harder and harder for cops to ―make the numbers‖ that show they‘re doing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle through out-of-date tickets that haven‘t been paid –anything they could turn into a ―crime.‖ I finally decided to turn myself in. which is how 1 found myself, one August evening, handcuffed at the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us tales of his days in the 1980s. ―Times sure have changed.‖ he said, shaking his head at us st atistically useful nuisances. Eventually I was led into a courtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the door. I wanted to complain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty of for another six months. I got off easy. But I also learned a lesson: Giuliani s clean streets come with a price. If only the mayor would neglect to pay a ticket.57. According to the passage, the author is probably _____.A. an urban young professionalB. a narrow-minded journalistC. a criminal wanted by the policeD. a traffic offender58. The author was arrested primarily because _____.A. he once stuck a piece of pink paper in his back pocketB. he used his mother's address on the driver's licenseC. he had robbed convenience shops beforeD. he drank some beer one night on the street59. The word "nuisances" in the fourth paragraph may mean _____.A. mild-mannered prisonersB. trouble makersC. new arrivalsD. hardened criminals60. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that _____.A. New York policemen are doing a good job cracking down on crimesB. not everyone agrees with the mayor's management of the cityC. the crime rate has been reduced at the expense of citizens' convenienceD. everyone including the mayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The author pleaded guilty and was set free.B. Policemen were trying hard to please their superiors.C. Many so-called crimes were only trifle things.D. It's no use complaining to cops when you are caught.62. The tone of the passage is ______.A. satiricalB. objectiveC. praisefulD. complainingPassage ThreeEwen Cameron is long dead but his ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily strict rules are being considered to protect the subjects of psychological research.Cameron was a scientist straight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable academic. But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials, superficially to examine Rudolf Hess's psychological state. Many people believe that he also studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he never internalized the Nuremberg declaration that prohibits human experiments where risk outweighs ―humanitarian importance.‖Throughout the 1950s, Cameron ran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where patients were used as guinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT ―therapy‖ twice daily, others were drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or months, injected with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensory deprivation.Compensation has been paid to most surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological sciences has not entirely gone away. Nor has the need for patients‘ rights to be guaranteed. Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, even though many were not in position to understand what it meant.The strict new rules for psychological research now under discussion can partly be understood in the light of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that no one can be involved in an experiment that might damage their own interests.All well and good, except that psychological sciences aren‘t going to advance if anyone can leave an experiment if they don‘t like the results. Obviously, many psychological experiments would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactly what they were testing.There is much to debate about the rights of patients and experimental subjects. The committee drawing up the code has apparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.No one should do anything until this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest and study these submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.63. According to the author, we may conclude that _____.A. Cameron was a dedicated and responsible scientistB. Cameron w as interested in unveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess‘s psychological stateC. Cameron tried to ensure that his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the experimentsD. Cameron unmistakably violated the subjects‘ rights64. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the second paragraph?A. Cameron‘s appearance might misrepresent his true personality.B. Probing into the psychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron‘s profession.C. Cameron did not observe the stipulation relating to human experiments.D. People believed that he had undisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.65. We can infer from this passage that _____.A. making compensation for the subjects‘ loss was illegalB. some subjects in Cameron‘s experiments diedC. people have been quite indifferent to the subjects‘ rightsD. as a rule, people are fully supportive of psychological sciences66. The committee responsible for working out the rules governing psychological research _____.A. has to give top priority to psychological advancesB. is bombarded with criticisms from the publicC. is expected to take into account all the reactions to the draftingD. should rely on those willing to sacrifice their own interests67. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological research is that _____.A. the rules can do little to protect the patients‘ rightsB. people may withdraw from the experiments in fear of damage to their own interestsC. it would be impossible to sort out anything valuable from the comments on the rulesD. people‘s response to psychological sciences is overwhelmingly negativePassage FourSome accept their fate. Others try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation on film — as is the case at hundreds of intersections in more than 60 cities around the U. S. — it's hard to talk your way out of a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week when a superior court judge rules that pictures taken by the so-called red-light cameras were unreliable and therefore unacceptable.The first U. S. Court decision to reject all the traffic violations caught on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robocams (robot cameras) deter people from speeding and running red lights. A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, and opponents — ranging from House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Union — argue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety.Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violations — often with minimal police oversight — and have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as much as $ 70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change. San Diego has got in $15. 9 million since October 1998, and Washington $12. 8 million since August 1999. ―It's all about money,‖ says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washington's executive assistant chief of police. ―We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money off that, that is American way.‖Critics counter that there must be other, less intrusive ways to make intersections safer, such as lengthening the yellow light and adding turn lanes. ―I obj ect to this fixation we have with cameras and electronically gathered information,‖ says Barr. “It places too much confidence in technology.‖ That confidence, as Washington residents have learned, can be misplaced. The city removed one camera last May that had generated more than 19,000 tickets at a particularly confusing intersection. In San Diego, faulty sensors made drivers appear to be going faster than they really were. The city suspended the system in July.Another concern is privacy. While systems in Washington, Maryland and North Carolina photograph nothing but the rear of the car, others in Arizona, California and Colorado take a picture of the driver s seat as well — a bit of electronic monitoring that could land straying spouses in trouble a lot more serious than a traffic violation.In Europe, where speedcams are deployed by the thousands and are even less popular than they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.68. It is mainly indicated in the first paragraph that _____.A. people respond differently when caught in traffic offenseB. motorists can be wrongly accused by police officersC. speeders cannot defend themselves before red-light camerasD. computer-driven cameras sometimes do tell lies69. The court decision last week _____.A. triggered a dispute over the use of robocamsB. immuned few camera-caught violators from punishmentC. found fewer red-light camera supporters in AmericaD. deterred some states from implementing camera devices70. Opponents‘ arguments against cameras include all the following EXCEPT _____.A. they intrude into people‘s privacyB. they give priority to the pursuit of profitC. they are operated by private firmsD. they are under the supervision of police71. Police department believes that _____.A. robocams should not be operated by private firmsB. robocams arc effective in maintaining traffic orderC. speeding is the major cause of traffic fatalitiesD. companies operating cameras should riot pursue money only72. The phrase ―chump change‖ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.A. trivialB. moderateC. enormousD. indefinite73. According to the passage. Bob Barr _____.A. is the majority leader in the House of RepresentativesB. is strongly against the American way of making moneyC. lacks confidence in modern technologyD. doubts the authenticity of electronically gathered information74. The writer s attitude towards speedcams can be best expressed as _____.A. positiveB. negativeC. indifferentD. uncertain75. Drivers in European countries _____.A. get angry at the red-light camerasB. destroy thousands of the speedcamsC. take the initiative in the use of speedcamsD. take drastic measures with speedcamsPassage FiveNow and then, researchers retreat from the trackless jungle at the edge of knowledge and set up camp in more familiar te rritory. Such expeditions don‘t often yield surprises, but it‘s always reassuring to know that the back yard looks much as we thought it did.Among those scientists were psychologists from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. To prove their theory — that people are more likely to yell at a family member or a peer than a superior — they asked 100 college students to wear blood-pressure cuffs and to keep notes about when they got angry and what they did about it.The momentous conclusion: people tend to bottle up anger felt toward an authority figure, and are more likely to vent it instead at family members or friends.While these findings are far from earth-shattering, one researcher pointed out that nobody had ever looked at anger this way before.Big words can make a self-evident result seem weightier. Psychologists at the National Institute for Healthcare Research in Maryland used this technique when they announced that when one person hurts another, forgiveness ―is associated with resto red relational closeness following an interpersonal transgression.‖ Couples who have adopted the kiss-and-make-up strategy will no doubt be pleased to learn that there is now a sound scientific basis for their actions.Psychologists, however, aren‘t th e only ones taking pains to prove the obvious.Some boldly going where few have gone don‘t always lead to radical conclusions. Over the years, researchers have set up weather-monitoring stations in remote areas of Antarctica. According to。
GET2002年12月试题答案
Non-English Major Graduate Student English Qualifying TestDecember, 2002Key For Your ReferencePartⅠ Listening Comprehension1. B2. A3. C4. A5. D6. D7. C8. D9. D10. B 11.A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. DPart Ⅱ Vocabulary16. A 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. C 23, A 24. B 25. B26. D 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. DPart Ⅲ Cloze Test36. A 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. D 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. D46. C 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. APart Ⅳ Reading Comprehension51. A 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. A 59. A 60. A61. A 62. A 63. D 64. B 65. A 66. C 67. A 68. B 69. B 70. B71. C 72. A 73. D 74. B 75. D 76. C 77. A 78. B 79. A 80. APart V TranslationSection A. English to Chinese必须认识到在各门科学中出现了许许多多的分支学科,这些学科通过开拓高精尖研究领域,产生了一大批研究兴趣分门别类十分精细的专家。
与此同时,出现了越来越多的学术专刊,这就使得学者们可以了解其他单位的研究情况,并在国际大会上交流。
这种接触产生了他们个人之间的友谊,几乎所有的合作计划都是在这种友谊的基础上生成的。
2002年12月大学英语四级考试真题附答案4
Passage Two Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students , today's traditional age college freshmen are "more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)" than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. Not surprising in these hard times, the student's major objective "is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life." It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the "altruistic" fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. That's no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemic al company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first yea r on the job-even before she completed her two year associate degree. While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions- be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company: no job. How shortsighted in the long run ! But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the ac cumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机):"Miss Baxter ," he says, "could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?" From the long term point of view, that's what education really ought to be about. 16.According to the author's observation, college students __________ . A) have never been so materialistic as today B) have never been so interested in the arts C) have never been so financially well off as today D) have never attached so much importance to moral sense 17.The students' criteria for electing majors today have much to do with ________ . A) the influences of their instructors B) the financial goals they seek in life C) their own interpretations of the courses D) their understanding of the contributions of others 18.By saying "While it's true that... be they scientific or artistic" (Lines 1-3, Para. 5),the author means that _____. A) business management should be included in educational programs B) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed C) human intellectual development has reached new heights D) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked 19.Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________ . A) create varying artistic interests B) help people see things in their right perspective C) help improve connections among people D) regulate the behavior of modern people 20.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow minded. B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong. C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life. D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.。
2002年MBA英语真题及答案
2002年MBA英语真题及答案考生须知选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上,其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答,凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。
交卷时,请配合监考人员验收,并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字(作为考生交卷的凭据)。
否则,所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
2002年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section I V ocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.21.The precious manuscripts were hopelessly by long exposure in the cold, damp cellar.A.ruined B. damagedC. destroyedD. harmed22. the board of the company has decided to its operation to include all aspects of the clothing business.A. extendB. enlargeC. expandD. amplify23.That sound doesn’t in his language, so it’s difficult for him to pronounce it .A. happenB. occurC. haveD. take place24. the accommodation was cheap, but the food was very .A. highB. costlyC. dearD. overpaid/25.My boss insists on seeing everything in before he makes a decision.A. black and blueB. red and blueC. black and whiteD. green and yellow26. The work is not very profitable cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.A. in the light ofB. according toC. on the basis ofD. in terms of27. At the meeting ,Smith argued in favor of the proposal.A. severelyB. warmlyC. forcefullyD. heavily28. His attention often at lectures, No wonder he failed the exam.A. branchedB. wonderedC. wanderedD. went out29.It’s often a mistake to appearance: that poor-looking individual is anything but poor. In fact, he isa millionaire.A. go overB. go byC. go againstD. go for30. He doesn‘t seem to be able to any interest in his studies.A. make upB. work upC. turn upD. use up31.Man has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but it was the Industrial Revolution that they came to be employed in really vast quantities.A. tillB. untilC. not untilD. not till32. His brother had become a financier, he wanted to be.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. that33. These goods are sold at reduced prices, .A. the defects are pointed out to the customersB. the defects pointed out to the customersC. the defects have been pointed out to the customersD. the defects being pointed out to the customers34. Basic research provides the capital fund of scientific knowledge, which the applied researchers drew to give society a rich rate of interest.A. onB. upC. outD. to35. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl who I was at school twenty years ago.A. aboutB. sinceC. withD. till36. is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production./A. WhatB. ThatC. itD. As37. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, could go penniless by next year.A. the larger oneB. the larger of whichC. the largest oneD. the largest of which38. For my own part, in seems that the main requirement of an international language is that it .A. would be easily learnedB. is easily learnedC. will be easily learnedD. be easily learned39. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than in the public mind today.A. existB. existsC. existingD. existed40. the government is believed to be considering a law making it a crime to import any kind of weapon.A. to passB. to have passedC. passingD. having passedSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, which must be applied for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to 41 or refuse these permits, and there is little that can be 42 about it, it would be extremely unwise 43 a foreign visitor to work without a permit, since anyone doing so is 44 to immediate deportation. There are some 45 to this rule, most notably people from the Common Market countries, who are 46to work without permits and who are often given temporary residence permits of up to five years. Some 47 people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others, can work without permits.The problem with the Act is not just that some of its rules are unfair but 48 itis administered, and the people who administer it.An immigration official has the power to stop 2 visitor 49 these shores coming into the country, if this happens the visitor has the 50 to appeal to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal. While the appeals are being considered, the visitor has no choice but to wait sometimes for quite a long time.41. A. allow B. admit C. present D. grant42. A. made B. done C. explained D. talked43. A. for B. to C. as D. in44. A. apt B. likely C. liable D. inclined45. A. exemptions B. exceptions C. excerptions D. expositions46. A. prescribed B. qualified C. entitled D. certified47. A. more B. fewer C. others D. other48. A. the way B. that C. the time D. what49. A. out of B. to C. from D. off50. A. honor B. force C. right D. authoritySection IV Reading Comprehension (40 points)/Part ADirections: There are 4 passages m this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked , B, C, and D, you should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET I with a pencil.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:Shoppers who have flocked to online stores for their holiday shopping are losing privacy with every mouse click, according to a new report. The study by the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center scrutinized(仔细审查)privacy policies on 100 of the most popular online shopping sites and compared those policies with a set of basic privacy principles that have come to be known as “fair information practices.”The group found that none of the 100 sites met all of the basic criteria for privacy protection, which include giving notice of what information is collected and how it is used, offering consumers a choice over whether the information will be used in certain ways, allowing access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected, and instituting the kind of security measures that ensure that information won’t fall into the wrong hands.“This study shows that somebody else, other than Santa, is reading your Christmas list,”said Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Media Education, which also worked on the survey.The online privacy of children is protected by Federal Trade Commission rules, but adults do not share the same degree of privacy protection. The movement, like the online shopping industry, favors selfregulation over imposition of further moveme nt restrictions on electronic commerce.‖Marc Rosenberg, executive director of the privacy group, said the study shows that self regulations have failed, ―We need legislation to enforce fairinformation pretences,‖ he said. ―Consumers are at greeter risk than they were in 1997,‖ when the group released its first report. The survey also asked whether the 100 sites used‖ profilebased‖ advertising, and whether the sites incorporate ―cookies ‖te chnology, which gives Web sites basic information on visitors. Profiling is the practice of gathering in then used to create targeted advertising on Wed sites.All but 18 of the top shopping sites did display a privacy policy, a major improvement over the early days of electronic commerce, when such policies were scarce. But that did not satisfy the privacy group:‖ Companies arc posting privacy policies, but these policies are not the same thing As fair information practices,‖ Rosenberg said. The sites also did not perform well by other measures, the group said it found that 35 of the sites feature profilebased advertising, and 87 percent use cookies, The group concluded that the phonies that were posted ―are typically confusing, incomplete, and inconsistent‖, The report, ―Surfer Beware III: Privacy Policies Without Privacy Protection, ‖ is the third such survey by the group, It called for further development of technologies that help consumers protect their privacy and even anonymity (匿名)when exploring the internet. 51What does the sentence “This study shows that somebody else, other than Santa, is reading your Christmas list‖ mean?A. the study shows that someone else would buy consumers a gift for ChristmasB. The study shows that consumers’privacy is being invaded.C. the study shows that companies want to make a Christmas list for children.D. the study shows that Santa would not bring the Christmas gifts this year. 52.Which of the following is not in the list of the basic criteria of privacy protection mentioned in paragraph 3?A. Give notice of what in formation is collected and how it is used to consumers.B. Allow access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected.C. Make consumers believe that the information provided by the sites is surely correct. /D. Institute the kind of security measures that ensure that the information won’t fall into the wrong hands. 53. it could be drawn from the passage that . A. the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center has released at least 3 reports concerning the online privacyB. adults cannot get any online privacy protectionC. both the online privacy of children and that of adults are not protected by FTC rulesD. only 18 of the top shopping sites displayed a privacy policy nowadays 54. What does the passage mainly talk about?/A. Mare Rosenberg’s study on self-regulation.B. Some online problems found by a privacy group’s study.C. Adults and children are different.D. Online security measures.Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage: Suppose you go into a fritterer’s shop, wanting an apple-you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard, green, and sour. The shipman offers you a third; but, before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried.Nothing can be more simple than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements what has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised. In the first place you have performed the operation of induction You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness. It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second. Trued, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make an induction; you generalize the facts, and you expect to find spumes in apples where you get hardness and greenness. You found upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction. Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find it hard and green ,you say, ―AII hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green; therefore, this apple is sour.‖ That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism ,andhas all its various parts and terms-its major premises, its minor premises, and its conclusion, And by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination, ―I will not have that apple.‖ So that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by induction, and upon that you have founded a deduction, and reasoned out the special particular case. Well now, suppose, having got your conclusion of the law, that at some times afterwards, you are discussing the qualities of apple with a friend; you will say to him, ―It is a very curious thing, but I find that all hard and green apples are sour!‖ Your friend says to you, ―But how do you know that?‖ You at once reply, ―On, because I have tried them over ad over ag ain, and have always found them to be so.‖ Well, if we ware talking science instead of common sense, we should call that an experimental verification. And, if still opposed, you go further, and say, ―I have heard from people, In Somerset shire and Devon shire and Devon shire, where a large number of apples are grown, and in London, where many apples are sold and eaten, that they have observed the same thing it is also found to be the case in Normandy, and in North America, in short, I find it to be the universal experience of mankind wherever attention has been directed to the subject.‖ Whereupon, your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you, and is convinced that you are quite right in the conclusion you have drawn He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications have been made, and results of the same kind arrived at –that the more varied the conditions under which the same results are attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further. He sees that the experiment has been tried under all sorts of conditions, as to time, place, and people, with the same result; and he says with you, therefore, that the law you have laid down must be a good one, and he must believe it./55. Apples are used . A. in order to convince the reader that fruit has no intellectB. to illustrate the subject of the passageC. to give color to the storyD. to show how foolish logic is56. the term”natural law ”as it appears in the text refers to . A. common senseB. the result of an inductionC. the order of natureD. a scientific discovery 57. it you find a hard and green apple that is not sour, you should . A. try more apples to see if the natural law has changed B. eat the rest of the apple at once C. reject the law stating that hard and green apples are usually sour D. conduct further investigations and make adjustments to the law of apples as necessary58. The writer is probablyA. FrenchB. EnglishC. AmericanD. None of the aboveQuestions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:Government is not made in virtue of natural rights, which may and do exist in total independence of it; and exist in much greater clearness, and in a much greater degree of abstract perfection; but their abstract perfection is their practical defect. By having a right to everything, men want everything, Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Men have a right that these wants should be provided for by this wisdom. Among these wants is to be reckoned the want, out of civil society, of a sufficient restraint upon their passions. Society requires not only that the passions of individuals should be subjected, but that even in the mass and body, as well as in the individuals, the inclinations of men should frequently be thwarted ,their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection. This can only be done by a power out of themselves; and not, in the exercise of its function, subject to that will and those passions which it is its office to bridle and subdue. In this sense, the liberties and the restrictions vary with times and circumstances, and admit to infinite modifications, they cannot be settled upon byany abstract rule; and nothing is so foolish as to discuss them upon that principle.The moment you abate anything from thefull rights o men ,each to golem himself ,and suffer any artificial, positive limitation upon those rights, from that moment the whole organization of government becomes a consideration of convenience. This it is which makes the contusion of a state, and the due distribution of its powers, a matter of the most delicate and complicated skill. It requires a deep knowledge of human nature and human necessities, and of the thugs that facilitate or obstruct the various ends, which are to be pursued by the mechanism of civil institutions .The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its distempers. What is the use of discussing a man’s abstract right to food and medicine? The quest ion is upon the method of procuring and administering them. In that deliberation, I shall always advise to call in the and of the farmer and the physician, rather than the professor of metaphysics (形而上学)。
2002年1月研究生入学英语考试试题答案解析
30.选[B]。本题要求区分词义并考查一定的常识。所给四个选项的意思分别是[A]brought带来,[B]followed跟随其后的是……。常识知识告诉我们最早的电脑是在20世纪初期出现的,而20世纪60年代(即1960)出现了集成电路(integrated circuit),所以两者出现的时间顺序很明显,电脑在先,集成电路在后,因此,正确选项是[B]followed。
50.选[C]。文章最后一段的倒数第二句用了猴子的例子。使用该例是要说明"the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant(人脑能够扫视一个快速变化的场景,还能迅速忽略那些占总量98%的不相关的内容)换句话就是说机器人还没有这样的能力,因此把上述意思换成否定就是[C]项,就专注于相关信息而言,机器人比人脑差远了。
51.选[B]。题目问的是:最近油价上涨的主要原因是什么?文章第二句给出了答案,即supply cuts.[D]项是一个强干扰项。文章第二段第一句表明本周伊拉克暂缓石油出口又使油 价上涨,但需要考虑的是题目间的油价上涨向往主要原因,所以[D]项是不确切的。[A]、[C]两项的内容在文中没有提及。
21.选[A]。解答此题需要分析句子间的逻辑关系。第二句中的第一个词"Yet"表明了本句是对第一句内容的转折。第一句讲到20世纪电视的发展和15世纪、16世纪与20世纪之间的年代发生的事。同时,第三句中出现的19世纪也确定了本题的选择为[A]between, 指这两个时间段中间的年代。
22.选[D]。本题考查it is … that…强调句型。下文not until结构,被强调的部分是not until引导的时间状语。
2002年考研英语真题与答案
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections: ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwill hearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.TherearethreepartsinthisSection,PartA,PartBandPartC.Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5 minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1. NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearanintroductionaboutthelifeofMargaretWelch.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyou'veheard.Someofthe informationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)Welch'sPersonalInformationPlaceofBirthPhiladelphiaYearofBirth1901TransfertoBarnardUniversity(Year)1920MajoratUniversity1FinalDegreePhDYearofMarriage1928GrowingUpInNewGuineaPublished(Year)2FieldStudyintheSouthPacific(Age)3MainInterest4ProfessorshipatColumbiaStarted(Year)5Death(Age)77PartBDirections:1Forquestions6-10,youwillhearatalkbyawell-knownU.S.journalist.Whileyoulisten,enotmorethan3wordsfor eachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)Besidesreporters,whoelsewerecampedoutfordaysoutside6thespeaker'shome?Onereportergottothespeaker'sapartmentpretendingtopay7Thespeakerbelievedthereporterwantedapictureofherlooking8Whereisacorrectiontoafalsestoryusuallyplaced?9Accordingtothespeaker,thepresswilllosereadersunlessthe10editorsandthenewsdirectorsPartCDirections:Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwill havetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyouranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)Questions11-13arebasedonareportaboutchildren'shealthydevelopment.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.11.Whatunusualquestionmaydoctorsaskwhengivingkidsacheckupnexttime?[A]Howmuchexercisetheygeteveryday.[B]Whattheyaremostworriedabout.[C]Howlongtheirparentsaccompanythemdaily.[D]Whatentertainmenttheyareinterestedin.12.Theacademysuggeststhatchildrenunderagetwo[A]getenoughentertainment.[B]havemoreactivities.[C]receiveearlyeducation.[D]haveregularcheckups.13.Accordingtothereport,children'sbedroomsshould[A]benoplaceforplay.[B]benearacommonarea.[C]havenoTVsets.[D]haveacomputerforstudy.Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingtalkabouthowtosavemoney.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhewantstosaveup?2[A]Familydebts.[B]Banksavings.[C]Monthlybills.[D]Spendinghabits.15.Howmuchcanapersonsavebyretirementifhegivesuphispack-a-dayhabit?[A]$190,000.[B]$330,000.[C]$500,000.[D]$1,000,000.16.Whatshouldonedobeforepayingmonthlybills,ifhewantstoaccumulatewealth?[A]Investintoamutualfund.[B]Usethediscounttickets.[C]Quithiseating-outhabit.[D]Useonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.Questions17-20arebasedonaninterviewwithHerbertA.Glieberman,domestic-relationslawyer.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.17.Whichwordbestdescribesthelawyer'spredictionofthechangeindivorcerate?[A]Fall.[B]Rise.[C]V-shape.[D]Zigzag.18.Whatdopeoplenowadaysdesiretodoconcerningtheirmarriage?[A]Toembracechangesofthought.[B]Toadapttothedisintegratedfamilylife.[C]Toreturntothepracticeinthe'60sand'70s.[D]Tocreatestabilityintheirlives.19.Whydidsomepeoplechoosenottodivorce20yearsago?[A]Theyfearedthecomplicatedprocedures.[B]Theywantedtogoagainstthetrend.[C]Theywereafraidoflosingface.[D]Theywerewillingtostaytogether.20.Yearsagoadivorcedmaninacompanywouldhave[A]beenshiftedaroundthecountry.[B]haddifficultybeingpromoted.[C]enjoyedahappierlife.[D]tastedlittlebitternessofdisgrace.Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.全国硕士研究生入学考试英语〔二〕3NationalEntranceTestOfEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(2002)考生考前须知1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规那么,得到监考人员指令前方可开场答题。
2002年10月全国自学考试--综合英语(二)试卷及答案(1)
2002年10月全国自学考试--综合英语(二)试卷及答案(1)各位读友大家好,此文档由网络收集而来,欢迎您下载,谢谢本试题分为两部分,满分100分;考试时间为150分钟。
第一部分为选择题,1页至10页,共60分。
应考者必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂,不能答在试题卷上。
第二部分为非选择题,11页至12页,共40分。
全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题除外),并将答案写在“答题纸”的相应位置上。
不按规定答题者,试卷作废。
part onel语法、词汇。
用适当的词填空。
从、、、四个选项中,选出一个正确答案,并在答题卡上将所选答案的字母涂黑。
(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)complete each of the following sentenoes with the most likely answer.(25 points)1. the platform would collapse if all of you __ on it.stand stood would stand 521 had stood2. the old lady who saw the bus __ into the river phoned the police instantly.plunged to plunge was plunging plunge3. mary had to wait outside her house for her husband’s return BECause she __ her key in the Office.has left leaves had left left4. i suggest that each of you ___ a plan for the overall revision.make makes would make made5. it was work of art that everyone was eager to have a look at it at the exhibition.such a rare a such rare a so rareso a rare6. you may come with us to florida for the winter __ you don’t mind the cost.unless on condition except if7. the boat drifted along on the sea fora good hour ____ it was safely anchored at the dock.before when after whilefind __ that with the development of science and technology the price of such gadgets as computers and mobile phones continues to drop.be reasonable it to be reasonable reasonable it reasonableis something wrong with my watch. it __need repairing needs repairing need to be repaired needs to repair10. english is more extensively used now than any other language __ever was had ever been ever is has ever been11. some companies have introduced flexible working hours with less emphasis on pressurethan more on efficiency than on efficiency ahd more than efficiency and more efficiency12. some people find that after their dieting is over they eat twice __ they did before they went on a diet.much than as many as more than13. helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was tdher other children,__ naturally made them jealous.what who that which14. books require hard work and practice and, like sports, they can be both a __ and a delight.encouragement dare challenge prodding15. the weather is something that no one can control. it __ everyone in every part of the world.effects affects influences impacts16. the law a citizen’s obligations and rights.decides designs defines determines17. the bus driver warned passengers to pickpockets.fight with guard against break down keep an eye on18. poverty children living in slums of the joys of childhood.各位读友大家好,此文档由网络收集而来,欢迎您下载,谢谢。
2002-2004考研英语真题及答案详解
2002年英语试题解析第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
文章第一段从早期的通信革命入手,指出在15、16世纪和20世纪之间发生了很多事情,特别是通信革命加快了步伐。
第二段接着提到20世纪计算机的出现极大地改变了这一进程。
第三段指出随着计算机的发展,我们步入了一个信息社会。
在计算机影响下,通信革命改变了我们的工作和休闲方式,也影响了我们的思考和感知方式。
在结尾部分,文章提到,当然,关于这种通信革命在经济、政治、社会和文化各方面的影响是利大于弊还是弊大于利,还存在争议。
二、试题具体解析1. [A] between在…当中,在空间、位置或时间的中间[B] before在此之前早些时候,在…前面[C] since自从…以后,以前[D] later 后来,稍后,随后[答案] A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:时间副词的用法辨析。
解此题关键看两个方面,一是理解文章第一句话的含义:人们曾对20世纪电视的发展以及15世纪和16世纪印刷术的传播进行了比较。
二是注意转折连词yet的用法,yet一般标志着接下来的内容与前面的内容出现了较大的不同,如:She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.(她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了)。
文中第二句话结构非常简单,主语和谓语都无法体现与第一句话的强烈对照,这时只能通过空格里填入的时间状语来体现了,因此这个时间副词应与第一句话中的时间状语in the 20th century和 in the 15th and 16th centuries相呼应并对照。
接下来关键看这个时间副词表示的是哪个时间段,15、16世纪之前,20世纪之后还是两者之间。
其实我们从下文中的the 19th century也可以推断出正确答案是between,即“然而,在这两个时段之间却发生了很多事情”。
2002年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
2002年12月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening.This is most likely to have taken place at the office.Therefore,A)"At the office" is the best answer.You should choose on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A) They are both anxious to try Italian food. B) They are likely to have dinner together.C) The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight. D) The woman refused to have dinner with the man.2.A) It's only for rent, not fof sale. B) It's being redecorated.C) It's not as good as advertised. D) It's no longer available.3.A) Colleagues. B) Employer and employee. C) Husband and wife. D) Mother and son4.A) She contacts her parents occasionally.B) She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C) She visits her parents at weekends when the fares are down.D) She often calls her parents regardless of the rates.5.A) The next bus is coming soon.B) The bus will wait a few minutes at the stop.C) There are only two or three passengers waiting for the bus.D) They can catch this bus without running.6.A) The assignment looks easy but actually it's quite difficult.B) The assignment is too difficult for them to complete on time.C) They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.D) They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.7.A) The man will go to meet the woman this evening.B) The man and the woman have an appointment at 7 o'clock.C) The woman can't finish making the jam before 7 o'clock.D) The woman won't be able to see the man this evening.8.A) She's learned a lot from the literature class. B) She's written some books about world classics.C) She's met some of the world's best writers. D) She's just back from a trip round the world.9.A) The exam was easier than the previous one. B) Joe is sure that he will do better in the next exam.C) Joe probably failed in the exam. D) The oral part of the exam was easier than the written part.10.A) She is tired of driving in heavy traffic. B) She doesn't mind it as the road conditions are good.C) She is unhappy to have to drive such a long way every day. D) She enjoys it because she's good at driving.Section B Compound Dictation注意:听力理解的B节(Section B)为复合式听写(Compound Dictation),题目在试卷二上,现在请取试卷二。
2002年12月大学英语三级(A级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2002年12月大学英语三级(A级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation from English to Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions:This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices A , B, C, and D.1.A.He is all right.B.He feels worried.C.He is ill.D.He feels better now.正确答案:C解析:W: Mr. Green, you have to stay in bed for a couple of days, then you’ll feel better.M: All right, thank you for your advice.Q: How is Mr. Green?本题为推理判断题。
2002年加拿大化学奥林匹克竞赛
2002年加拿⼤化学奥林匹克竞赛NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION 2002PART A - MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (60 minutes)1.Someone has accidentally spilled battery acid on his or her skin. The first aid treatment forthis is to apply plenty of:A. SaltB. WaterC. VinegarD. Baking sodaE. Washing soda2.Which one of the following substances, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with thelowest pH?A. Li2OB. Na2O2C. KO2D. H2SE. HI3.What is the oxidation state of vanadium in the compound NH4VO3 (commonly known asammonium metavanadate)?A. –1B. +1C. +3D. +5E. +64. A technician dissolves 62.425 g of CuSO4·5H2O (M f = 249.7) in water and dilutes thesolution to 250.00 mL in a standard flask. He then measures out a 25.00 mL aliquot of the solution. What amount (in moles) of CuSO4 does this aliquot contain?A. 0.00100B. 0.01600C. 0.02500D. 0.2500E. 1.0005.Which of the following statements is correct?A. In an electrolytic cell oxidation takes place at a positive anode.B. In an electrolytic cell oxidation takes place at a negative anode.C. In an electrochemical cell reduction takes place at a positive anode.D. In an electrolytic cell oxidation takes place at a positive anode.E. In an electrochemical cell reduction takes place at a negative anode.6.Which one of the following molecular formulae represents an alcohol?A. CH3CHOB. C2H5COOHC. (CH3)2OD. (CH3)2COE. (CH3)3COH7.Monocalcium phosphate (CaHPO4) is used as an acid in baking powders. Solutions ofCaHPO4 in water may contain a variety of species. Which of the following is the conjugate base of the HPO42– ion?A. Ca2+B. OH–C. H2OD. PO43–E. H2PO4–8.In which one of the following compounds do all of the constituent atoms (or ions) obey theoctet rule?A. NaHB. BF3C. PbI2D. TiCl4E. XeO39.The following reaction is used as the basis of the contact process (a step in the production ofsulfuric acid).2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g);?H = –197 kJ·mol–1Which one of the changes listed below could be used to increase the rate of production of SO3 but would actually reduce the amount of SO3 in the system if it were allowed to reach equilibrium?A. Heat the mixture.B. Use V2O5 as a catalyst.C. Increase the pressure of the mixture.D. Increase the amount of oxygen fed into the reactor.E. Increase the amount of sulfur dioxide fed into the reactor.10.Which of the following substances will conduct electricity in the liquid state but not in thesolid state, and will not dissolve in water?A. CaD. Cl3CCOOHE. C6H12O611.Some students have been measuring the rate of reaction between 5.0 g of zinc granules and100 mL of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid at room temperature. The equation for the reaction is: Zn(s) + 2 HCl(g) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)Which of the following changes to the procedure would probably NOT increase the rate of reaction?A. Warming the HCl before adding the zinc.B. Using zinc powder instead of zinc granules.C. Using 50 mL of 2.0 M HCl.D. Using 200 mL of 1.0 M HCl.E. Using 100 mL of 1.0 M H2SO4.12.Consider the following reaction, which is allowed to attain equilibrium in an enclosedsystem:CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g);?H = +178.3 kJ·mol–1In addition to the temperature, the equilibrium constant for this reaction depends on:A. The initial amount of CO2(g)B.The initial amount of CaCO3(s)C.The equilibrium amount of CO2(g)D.The equilibrium amount of CaCO3(s)E.The equilibrium amounts of CaCO3(s), CaO(s) and CO2(g)13.Which one of the following molecular formulae can represent a pair of mirror imageisomers?A. H2NCH2COOHB. H2NCH(CH3)COOHC. H2NCH2CH2COOHD. H2NCH2COOCH3E. (CH3)2CHCOOH14.Which one of the following molecules has the largest bond angle?A. CH4B. NH3C. H2OD. SO2E. CO215.Which one of the following molecules has the greatest dipole moment?C. HClD. HBrE. HI16.Which one of the following molecules has the highest boiling point?A. CH4B. CH3ClC. CH2Cl2D. CHCl3E. CCl417.When 0.1 M aqueous solutions of the following pairs of reagents are mixed at room temperature, which pair will NOT give a precipitate?A. HCl + AgNO3B.NaOH + CuSO4C.CaCl2 + Na2CO3D. H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2E.NH4NO3 + K2CrO418.Benzoic acid (M f = 122.2) is used for preserving fruit juices. What is the approximate pH ofa saturated solution of benzoic acid in water, given that its solubility is 3.4 g/L, K a = 6.40× 10–5 (all measurements being made at 298 K)?A. 1.8B. 2.9C. 3.4D. 4.2E. 5.719.Which one of the following indicators would be best to show the first endpoint of a titration involving an approximately 0.1 M solution of Na2CO3 (in the flask) with an approximately 0.1 M solution of HCl (run into the flask from a burette)?Indicator p K In pH rangeAcid ?è alkalineA.Methyl violet0.8Yellow 0.0to 1.6 BlueB.Bromophenol blue 4.0Yellow 2.8to 4.6 BlueC.Azolitmin (litmus)–Red 5.0to8.0 BlueD.Thymol blue (base)8.9Yellow 8.0to9.6 BlueE.Alizarin yellow R12.5Yellow 10.1to13.0 OrangeQuestions 20 and 21 concern plaster of Paris, which is used for setting broken limbs. Its formula is CaSO4·0.5H2O (M f = 145.1). When water is added it sets to give gypsum, CaSO4·2H2O (M f = 172.2)20.What is the minimum mass of water needed to set 0.500 kg of plaster of Paris?A. 62.0 gB. 93.1 gC. 0.124 kgD. 2.90 kgE. 3.45 kg21.What is the heat energy evolved (in kJ) when 0.500 kg of plaster of Paris sets? (Given thatH f{H2O(l)} = –285.8 kJ·mol–1, H f{CaSO4} = –1434 kJ·mol–1, H f{CaSO4·0.5H2O} =–1577 kJ·mol–1, and Hf{CaSO4·2H2O} = –2023 kJ·mol–1)A. 17.3B. 59.6C. 589D. 1540E. 203022.A well is sunk in a bed of rock containing fluorspar (CaF2). Given that K sp(CaF2) = 4.0 ×10–11 at 298 K, and assuming that the water in the well is saturated with CaF2, and that the fluorspar is the only source of Ca2+ and F– ions, then the fluoride ion content of the water (in mol·L–1 at 298 K) is:A. 1.3 × 10–5B. 2.2 × 10–4C. 4.3 × 10–4D. 6.3 × 10–6E. 6.8 × 10–423.Which expression could be used to calculate an approximate enthalpy change of combustionof methoxymethane (CH3-O-CH3) from standard bond enthalpy terms (E values)?A. 6 × E(C-H) + 2 × E(C-O) – 6 × E(O-H) – 4 × E(C=O)B. 3 × E(O-H) + 4 × E(C=O) – 6 × E(C-H) – 2 × E(C-O) – 3 × E(O=O)C. 6 × E(C-H) + 2 × E(C-O) + 3 × E(O=O) – 6 × E(C-H) – 4 × E(C=O)D. 3 × E(O-H) + 4 × E(C=O) – 6 × E(C-H) – 2 × E(C-O) – 312× E(O=O)E. 6 × E(C-H) + 2 × E(C-O) + 312× E(O=O) – 3 × E(O-H) – 4 × E(C=O)24.Which one of the following formulae represents a condensation polymer?A. –(–CH(C6H5)–CH2–)n–B. –(–CH2–CH=CCl–CH2–)n–C. –(–C(CH3)(COOCH3)–CH2–)n–D. –(–CH2–C(CN)H–CH2–CH(CN)–)n–E. –(–NH–(C6H4)NH–CO–(C6H4)CO–)n–25.The two liquids, methyl ethanoate (CH3COOCH3) and trichloromethane (CHCl3) combine insuch a way that they form a single hydrogen bond between each pair of molecules. In an experiment to determine the approximate strength of this bond, samples of the two liquids were mixed in an insulated glass beaker, and the temperature was found to rise by 0.75°C.Other data are given in the table below:Mass, g Amount ofsubstance, molSpecific heat capacity, J·g–1·K–1CH3COOCH3 3.710.05 1.97CHCl3 1.190.010.96Beaker60.00–0.6The approximate strength of the hydrogen bond obtained by this experiment is (in kJ·mol–1):A. 0.73B. 3.6C. 4.9D. 36E. 49THIS IS THE END OF PART A OF THE EXAMINATIONTHE CHEMICAL INSTITUTE OF CANADAL’INSTITUT DE CHIMIE DU CANADA“Chemists, engineers and technologists working together”“Les chimistes, les ingénieurs et les technologistes travaillant ensemble.”NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION 2002 PART B – ESSAY QUESTIONS (90 minutes)Answer TWO questions only in the form of scientific essays, including any appropriate equations, formulae and diagrams. Each question is of equal value. The judging of the essays will be based on both factual accuracy and presentation. A clear, concise and well-organized essay will be rated more highly than a long rambling one that contains the same information.1.Oil (Petroleum)In 1872 Mendeleev visited North America. When he reported on this visit to his government he said, “Oil is too valuable a material to be burned, and should be reserved as a source of chemicals.” Discuss this statement in the light of modern day knowledge of petroleum and its uses. In your essay you might like to consider (I) the chemical composition of petroleum, (ii) the uses of petroleum fractions as fuels, (iii) other products derived from petroleum and their uses, and (iv) alternatives to fuels and other products derived from petroleum. Illustrate your arguments with specific examples wherever possible.2.The Extraction of MetalsIn this essay you should discuss how the process used to extract a metal depends on the reactivity of that metal, and youshould summarize the specific processes used to extract several metals with different reactivities. You may like to consider some of the following examples: gold, copper, iron, aluminum and sodium. It is particularly important in this question to provide equations for the reactions you describe.3.BondingIn this essay you should describe the three main types of bonds (metallic, covalent and ionic), and discuss how the type of bonding that holds a solid together can affect the physical properties of that solid. Give examples of specific substances wherever you can.C H E M I C A L I N S T I T U T E O F C A N AD Aa n dC A N AD I A N C HE M I S T R Y O L Y M P I A DFinal Selection Examination 2002PART C: Free Response Development Problems60% Time: 1.5 hours This segment has five (5) questions. While students are expected to attempt all questions for a complete examination in 1.5 hours, it is recognized that backgrounds will vary and students will not be eliminated from further competition because they have missed parts of the paper.Your answers are to be written in the spaces provided on this paper. All of the paper, including this cover page, along with a photocopy of Part A of the examination, is to be returned promptly to your Canadian Chemistry Olympiad Coordinator.— PLEASE READ —1.BE SURE TO COMPLETE THE INFORMATION REQUESTED ATTHE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE BEFORE BEGINNING PART C OF THE EXAMINATION.2.STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS OFPART A AND PART C. CREDITABLE WORK ON A LIMITEDNUMBER OF THE QUESTIONS MAY BE SUFFICIENT TO EARN AN INVITATION TO THE NEXT LEVEL OF THE SELECTIONPROCESS.3.IN QUESTIONS WHICH REQUIRE NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS,BE SURE TO SHOW YOUR REASONING AND YOUR WORK.4.ONLY NON-PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATORS MAY BE USEDON THIS EXAMINATION.5.NOTE THAT A PERIODIC TABLE AND A LIST OF SOMEPHYSICAL CONSTANTS WHICH MAY BE USEFUL CAN BEFOUND ON THE DATA SHEET PROVIDED WITH THISEXAMINATION.PART A ( ) correct numbers 25 x 1.6 = ........./040 PART C1..................../0122..................../0123..................../0124..................../0125..................../012 TOTAL............/100Name_____________________________School_____________________________ (Print Clearly)City _____________________________ Province_____________________________ Date of birth E-Mail_____________________________ Home Telephone ( ) -_____________________Years at a Canadian high school ____ Male?Canadian Citizen?Landed Immigrant?Visa Student?Female?Passport valid until September 2002 ? Nationality of Passport1.(12 marks)When H2S is dissolved in water it is about saturated at a concentration near 0.1 M. Three species containing sulfur exist in this solution, their proportions depending on the acidity of the solution: H2S, HS– and S2–.Given the following equilibrium constants:H2S → H+ + HS–K a1 = 1.0 x 10–7HS– → H+ + S2– K a2 = 1.3 x 10–13a)What is the concentration of the sulfide ion, [S2–], in a saturated 0.100 M solution of H2Swhen for the solution the pH = 2.0?b) A solution contains the cations Mn2+, Co2+, and Ag+ at an original concentration of0.010M each. Which of these ions will precipitate when the solution is saturated in H2Sand the pH adjusted to pH = 2.0 by adding HCl? Explain your answer.Given:MnS K sp = 2.5 x 10–10CoS K sp = 4.0 x 10–21Ag2S K sp = 6.3 x 10–50c)How many grams of lead(II) sulfide, PbS, will precipitate from 1.00 L of a saturatedsolution of lead(II) sulfate, PbSO4, if the concentration of sulfide ion, [S2–], is adjusted to give a concentration of 1.00 x 10–17 M?Given:Pb SO4K sp = 1.6 x 10–8PbS K sp = 2.5 x 10–272.(12 marks)Consider the following reactions involving the destruction of ozone:a)For the decomposition of ozone:O3 (g) + O (g) → 2 O2 (g)Draw the structures for the ozone and dioxygen molecules. Use these structural models and your understanding of bond energies to predict whether this reaction is endothermic or exothermic under standard conditions. Explain your answer.b)Nitrogen monoxide, NO, is an atmospheric pollutant that destroys ozone, O3, in thestratosphere. Here is the accepted mechanism for the process:O3+ NO → NO2+ O2slowNO2+ O → NO + O2fastO3+ O → 2 O2net, or overall, reactionDraw an energy profile (activation energy diagram, i.e., a graph or diagram of energy versus reaction progress or pathway) for this mechanism. Include as many details as possible.c)Identify any catalyst(s) or intermediate(s) in the mechanism above. Explain your answer.d)The activation energy for the decomposition of ozone promoted by nitrogen monoxide is11.9 kJ mol–1. The activation energy for the decomposition of ozone promoted bychlorine atoms is 2.1 kJ mol–1. From the information given, which pollutant is a more serious threat to the ozone layer, chlorine atoms or nitrogen monoxide. Explain your answer, stating all assumptions made.3.(12 marks)a)Under aqueous acidic conditions, permanganate ions (MnO4-) oxidizes oxalate ions(C2O42-) to yield carbon dioxide and manganese (II) ions. Give the balanced equations for the two half-reactions.b) A sample of K3[Fe(C2O4)3]?3H2O is dissolved in 10.00 mL of dilute sulfuric acid, and istitrated spectrophotometrically with 0.0500 M potassium permanganate. Using the titration curve below, calculate the initial mass of the complex present in the sample.c)The spectrophotometer that was used for the titration cannot properly measuredifferences in light intensity by less than 1%. Using the above data, calculate the minimal concentration of the complex that can be accurately measured.d)Another sample weighing exactly 0.101g, and containing only the K3[Fe(C2O4)3]?3H2Ocomplex and FeCl3?6H2O is dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid. The resulting solution is mixed with a zinc amalgam to reduce all iron (III) ions to iron (II) ions. The solution is then titrated against 0.0500 M potassium permanganate, and the equivalence point is detected after the addition of 3.31 mL. Calculate the initial composition of the sample.4.(12 marks)a)Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols to eventually form acetals and ketals.CH 3OH H+CH 3OHH +C OR H 3C an aldehyde R = Ha ketone R = CH 3C R H 3C OCH 3HO a hemi-acetal R = H a hemi-ketal R = CH 3C R H 3C OCH 3CH 3O an acetal R = H a ketal R = CH 3A number of oxygen functions are present in the structure below. Using the example above as a guide, indicate the positions of the TWO aldehyde/ketone derivatives by drawing an arrow to the carbon atoms of the former carbonyl (C=O). Indicate whether the group is a hemi-actetal, hemi-ketal, acetal or ketal.333b) A resonance structure is one of several valence-bond structures with localized electronsthat approximate the true structure of a compound that has delocalized electrons.Complete the templates below to show three major resonance structures of the ester shown below by clearly adding any missing bonds, lone pairs of electrons and formal charges that may be present.H H CC O O C H HH H H Hc)Optically active compounds are not superimposable upon their mirror images. Three-dimensional awareness is important in predicting optical activity. Complete the structures below by adding an H and an OH group to each unspecified bond to generate an optically active and a non-optically active system. Note the three-dimensional convention used for the bonds.33Optically ActiveNOT Optically Active = bond into the page= bond out of the paged)Place the following compounds in order of increasing acidity. CH 3CH 2NH 2A B C DCH OH CH 3CH 23CH C CH 3OHO CH 3CH 2C OOHleast acidicmost acidic e) A compound that lacks a carbonyl group (C=O) and has the formula C 14H 24O reactsrapidly with an excess of H 2 in the presence of a catalyst to yield a new compound with the formula C 14H28O. The general formula of a non-cyclic alkane is C n H (2n+2).The ORIGINAL compound contained ring(s) and double bond(s).f)Esters hydrolyze to form alcohols and carboxylic acids, whereas amides hydrolyze toform amines and carboxylic acids. Write the products of the acidic aqueous hydrolysis of the compound below that incorporates both an ester and an amide functionality.H 3C 3CH 3CO 2H + CH 3OH H 3C 2CH 3CO 2H + NH 4+esteramideO5.(12 marks)Methanol (CH3OH) can be produced industrially from Synthesis Gas (CO and H2). The latter can be obtained from methane(CH4; a major component of natural gas) and steam (H2O (g)). The whole continuous process is illustrated in the flow chart below; Step A is the preparation of Synthesis Gas and Step B is the preparation of methanol.The feedstock of Step A is composed of pure methane gas (1) at a pressure of 250.0 kPa and a temperature of 25.0?C, and steam (2) at a pressure of 200.0 kPa and 100.0?C (assume that steam is pure water vapor). The flow rates of (1) and (2) are 55.0 L/s and 150.0 L/s, respectively. Flowing out of Step A is a mixture (3) of Synthesis Gas and an excess reactant from the first step that is condensed (5) at 25.0?C. Methanol is produced in Step B from the feedstock (4) and the effluent (6) from this reaction contains methanol and another excess reactant. The latter is removed as (8) after condensation of pure methanol at 25.0?C in (7).Compound Molar Mass(g mol-1)Melting Point(?C)Boiling Point(?C)Density at25.0?CCH4(g)16.04-183-1610.716 g L-1H2O (l)18.020100 1.000 g mL-1CO (g)28.01-205-191.5 1.250 g L-1H2(g) 2.016-259.2-252.8-----CH3OH (l)32.04-9864.70.791 g mL-1 Assume ideal gas behavior; complete reactions in Steps A and B; and complete separation from each condenser.a)Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of Step A.Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of Step B.b)Which reactant is in excess after Step A?Which reactant is in excess after Step B?c)Calculate the flow rates (in the proper units) at the following positions:i)The flow of the excess reactant at position (5) in L/s at 25.0?C and 101.3 kPa:ii)The flow of the excess reactant at position (8) in L/s at 25.0?C and 101.3 kPa:iii)The flow of pure liquid methanol at position (7) in L/s at 25.0?C and 101.3 kPa:END OF EXAMINATION。
2002年考研英语真题一
2002年考研英语真题一In 2002, the English language comprehension section in the entrance exam for postgraduate studies in China included a series of challenging questions. This article aims to provide a detailed analysis and answers to these questions.Firstly, let us tackle the multiple-choice questions.Question 1:The phrase "the global village" in the passage most likely means________.A) remote areaB) small villageC) global communicationD) community developmentAnswer: C) global communicationExplanation: The phrase "the global village" is often used to describe how technology has made the world feel more connected. It refers to the ease of communication and interaction between people from different parts of the world.Question 2:According to the passage, the rise of globalization can lead to ________.A) cultural homogenizationB) limited access to informationC) increased conflicts between countriesD) local communities becoming more independentAnswer: A) cultural homogenizationExplanation: Globalization has the potential to erode cultural differences and create a more uniform global culture. This can lead to the loss of unique traditions and customs as people adopt more standardized practices.Moving on to the cloze test, let's examine the following passage:Passage:Title: Climate Change and Its Impact on BiodiversityClimate change is one of the biggest challenges the world is currently facing. Rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events are all contributing to the loss of biodiversity. __1__ . As a result, many species are at risk of extinction. Since the industrial revolution, human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and the burning of fossil fuels have exacerbated climate change, __2__ .Question 1:A) increasing habitatsB) changing ecosystemsC) reducing populationD) enhancing biodiversityAnswer: B) changing ecosystemsExplanation: Climate change disrupts ecosystems, leading to shifts in habitats and altering the distribution of species. This can have a significant impact on the overall biodiversity of an area.Question 2:A) contributing to global warmingB) promoting renewable energyC) developing sustainable practicesD) protecting natural resourcesAnswer: A) contributing to global warmingExplanation: The burning of fossil fuels, one of the causes of climate change, releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which in turn contribute to global warming and the further intensification of climate change.Lastly, let's address the reading comprehension section:Passage:Title: The Benefits and Challenges of Online LearningOnline learning has gained significant popularity in recent years. It offers numerous benefits, such as flexibility in scheduling, access to a wide range of resources, and the ability to learn from anywhere. However, it also presents certain challenges that need to be addressed. __1__ .Question 1:According to the passage, one of the benefits of online learning is________.A) limited access to resourcesB) a fixed scheduleC) geographical restrictionsD) flexible learning opportunitiesAnswer: D) flexible learning opportunitiesExplanation: The passage highlights that online learning provides flexibility in scheduling, allowing learners to study at their own pace and convenience.Question 2:The passage suggests that online learning ________.A) does not require self-disciplineB) is only suitable for certain subjectsC) presents challenges that need to be addressedD) replaces traditional classroom learningAnswer: C) presents challenges that need to be addressedExplanation: The passage acknowledges that while online learning offers benefits, there are also challenges that need to be overcome, such asmaintaining motivation and ensuring effective communication between students and instructors.In conclusion, the 2002 English language comprehension section of the postgraduate entrance exam included questions that tested the candidates' understanding of various topics. This article aimed to provide accurate and detailed explanations for each question, following a format appropriate for an academic analysis.。
英语一二通用完型2002-1 完型
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上海外国语大学综合英语2002答案
答案部分:上海外国语大学2002年硕士研究生入学考试试题英语综合试题I.1.joint 2.similar 3.involved 4.but 5.all 6.within7.this8.soul9.solitary10.He11.that12.only13.best14.for15.world16.here 17.necessarily18.wedding19.or20.earthII.missing sentences:1.but internally it is seldom the real situation2.and one sex can never exist all alone without the influence from the other sexquestions:1.Sentence No.2serves to explain Sentence No.1by providing an example.2.The word“whole”means both men and women are respected,their potential is fully realized,and their personalities fully developed in an all-round way.3.Sentence No.8serves to explain Sentence No.7by giving predictionRhetorical FunctionDescribeIdentifyCompareExplainanalogyexampleplanfactpredicthypothesizeSummarizeⅢ、A:1.D2.C3.AQuestion:1.As evening was drawing near,Blackpool became livelier with more people.The town and the beach seemed to be more attractive than before in the author’s eye because in the near future the beach would regain its past grandeur and people would enjoy themselves on the beautiful beach again.B:4.D5.C6.A7.BQuestion:2.The last sentence in the second paragraph means what happens in the real situation is that Asian countries decide on policies that are between the two available options that have been mentioned.No matter which policy the countries actually took,they suffered a lot.Question:3.The writer’s tone in the fourth paragraph is sarcastic.For example,the writer described vividly that IMF tried to claim credit for the recovery of Korea’s economy and it failed to realize,or simply ignored,those countries,which followed its instructions but didn’t recover,and those recovered without its help.C:8.D9.B10.A11.CQuestion:4.Migration’s impact on population change may seem to be weak but in fact it is ongoing and profound.It brings with itself its own problems as well as solutions to existing problems.Therefore,it is a process full of conflict.D:12.B13.D14.C15.AQuestion:5.The writer mainly argues that it is possible for creative people to communicate their original ideas successfully to their audience because creative people share in the life of their society and possess an internal communication system within;through utilizing the system they can make themselves understood by the public.参考作文:A Little is not a Necessarily Dangerous ThingWhen Alexander Pope first said that little learning is a dangerous thing,he meant that because people who know little sometimes do not understand how little they know and therefore prone to error.However,in my opinion,a little learning is not necessarily dangerous.First of all,little learning is better than no learning at all.Although people who know little may fail to realize how little they know,there are some who may be inspired to learn more after knowing that they do not know enough and learning is actually an endless and ongoing process.Secondly,little learning is an efficient way to obtain knowledge in a society of information explosion.In the information age,every day,every hour,every minute and even second there is new information emerging. Some is useful,some is not,and some information may be of more valueto you than other information.It is too time and energy-consuming to gain all the information.For the information that is of great importance to you, you may want to process it with great care to have a thorough understanding in that certain field.While for the not-so-important information,you only need to have a little learning.For example,for a dentist who is not very keen on politics,he may want to keep up with the latest development in the field of dentistry,yet it is still necessary for him to be aware of the current development on the political arena of the world. Thus he may devote most of his time and energy to medical literature on dentistry and the latest magazine in that field,while a quick scan of some local newspaper is fairly enough to keep him informed of the world politics.It is said that the structure of knowledge of the future generations is of the shape of the letter T,which means people should know everything about something(e.g.for the dentist mentioned above,he should know everything about dentistry)and at the same time know something about everything(e.g.he should have some general information about the world he is living in to survive no matter whether he is interested in it or not.). Therefore,a little learning is not necessarily a dangerous thing but a necessary and beneficial means by which people can survive and succeed in this information age.(400words)V.1.It is said that the adjective is the enemy of the noun.That may be true, but adjectives are still very useful words.They add information to a sentence,and tell us more about nouns and pronouns.Determiners are a particular type of adjectives,including words like the,a,an,each,every, some and any,which were used before a noun in order to show which thing you mean.Adjectives other than determiners give information on other qualities like size(big),colour(red),shape(round),material (wooden)and many other attributes.2.The basic principle of ellipsis is leaving out something understood and hence produces incomplete sentences with such a structure as to presuppose preceding item.Ellipsis,somehow like substitutions,sets up cohesion on the basis of structural recoverability with reference to the linguistic context.Here are three types of ellipsis:a)Nominal:Why give me two cups of coffee?I only asked for one.b)V erbal:A:Have you seen him before?B:Yes,I have(seen him before).c)Clausal:A:Will it rain tomorrow?B:Perhaps(it will rain tomorrow).3.Concord refers to a matching relationship between two grammatical units,a way of showing that they have a certain feature in common,and applies to gender,number and person.For example,Gender:The Queen has lost her crown.Number:The shoes were too small.Person:I am thankful.There are three principles of S-P concord:(1)Grammatical concordA singular subject requires a singular verb/predicator.e.g.My daughter watches television after supper.A plural subject requires a plural verb/predicator.e.g.My daughters watch television after supper.If the subject is a noun phrase,the number of the noun phrase depends on the number of its head.e.g.The change in male attitudes is most obvious in industry.The changes in male attitudes are most obvious in industry.Clauses in the position of subject count as singular.e.g.That she was angry doesn’t concern me.(2)Notional concord is agreement of verb with subject according to the idea/notion of number.e.g.collective nouns.Our family are going on holiday this week.(3)Principle of proximity is agreement of the verb with a noun or pronoun that closely precedes it.e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him.One in ten take drugs.Grammatical concord has something to do with grammar,while notional concord relates to the semantic meaning of the subject and principle of proximity concerns the position of various parts of the subject.The lattertwo principles are complementary to the first one.4.Strictly speaking,English has no future tense,i.e.,there is no inflection of the verb that could represent future time,so as to be called Future Tense,unlike the Present and Past forms(inflections)of the verb that represent Present and Past tenses respectively.However,there are many structures of the verb and auxiliary combinations[auxiliaries/semi-auxiliaries+verb]that are capable of describing a future event.e.g.(1).I leave for London tomorrow.(2).I am leaving for London tomorrow.(3).I am going to leave for London tomorrow.(4).I am to leave for London tomorrow.(5).I am about to leave for London tomorrow.(6).I will leave for London tomorrow.(7).I shall leave for London tomorrow.5.Adjectives can be“attributive”,which means that they occur before nouns and after the determiners,and then name an attribute of the noun (e.g.,an entertaining book;the handsome prince)or the adjective can be a part of the predicate of the sentence.Here are some predicative adjectives.e.g.Your daughter is pretty.or I think what he wrote stupid. Following are the occasions of the places where an adjective can be “predicative”.1.Adjectives can be placed after the noun for certain stylistic effects:“The people involved...”(Note that the adjective in this case is in facta participle.Participles are adjectives.)2.Adjectives can be used“substantively”or as the head of a noun phrase.e.g.“Youth is wasted on the young.”It works like a noun(it’s the object of the preposition),but young can also take the intensifier very in front of it,as adjectives can.3.V erbless Adjective Clause.Actually,these are not“verbless,”but rather they are embedded clauses of the type“noun is adjective”where the underlined items have been deleted in the process of embedding.Transformational/generative grammars insist that even attributive adjectives are embedded predications of this sort.。
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NEBOSH Certificate – December 2002Paper A1 – The management of safety and healthOutline answers and guidance given in the NEBOSH examiner’s ReportSection 1Question 1There are a number of ways of reducing the likelihood of human error in the workplace that should have been outlined in the answer to part (a) of the question. These include: the use of skilled, trained and competent staff (including pre-employment screening issues); motivation of the workforce; task variety to prevent monotony and the provision of frequent breaks to avoid work overload; addressing workplace environmental issues such as noise, light and heat; mechanisation and automation; ensuring that controls on machinery are clearly marked; implementation of a drug and alcohol policy; and providing competent supervision of employees.Most candidates mentioned the need for competency and training but few were able to provide the range of methods necessary to obtain all the marks available. A few candidates, possibly because they misread the question, produced answers based on the causes of human error rather than on ways of reducing its likelihood.There were some good answers to part (b), with many candidates gaining full marks by referring to reasons such as: over-familiarity and complacency; lack of instruction, information and training; lack of experience, particularly where young persons are involved; the fact that some hazards (eg airborne contaminants or radiation) may be invisible and/or intagible; sensory impairment; and involvement in routine, repetitive tasks that can lead to lack of attention.In answering part (c), Examiners were looking for an outline of methods to encourage the motivation of employees to work safely. The overt recognition of good health and safety performance (eg by giving praise and/or offering financial incentives) is important in this respect. Conversely, disciplining employees who choose to ignore safe working procedures has its place but tends to be less effective. Other measures might include: involving employees, for instance, in carrying out risk assessments and drawing up safe systems of work; improving the company's health and safety culture and demonstrating a high level of management commitment; ensuring a good working environment; and providing training and ensuring good communication.Some candidates seemed to perceive little difference in the requirements of parts (a) and (c) and were content to repeat the answer that they had already given to the first part of the question. Part (c) was, in fact, intended to look in more depth at one aspect of the answer to part (a).Section 2Question 2A few candidates showed a wide knowledge of the issues involved and providedexcellent answers to the question. Most of the remainder, however, outlined only oneor two of the. relevant factors.Factors that could have been outlined include: exposure to chemicals such as pesticides, lead and those that cause intracellular changes (mutagens) or affect the embryo (teratogens); biological exposures (eg hepatitis); exposure to physical agents such as ionising radiation and extremes of temperature; manual handling; ergonomic issues relating to prolonged standing or the adoption of awkward body movements; stress; and issues associated with the use of personal protective equipment.Examiners were disappointed to find that, yet again, some candidates did not pay sufficient attention to the action verb and, although they undoubtedly had some knowledge of the subject, could not be awarded all the marks available because they chose to provide no detail of the relevant factors.Question 3For part (a), most candidates were able to point to the health and safety benefits of restricting smoking at work as a reduction in the risk of fire, an improvement in general cleanliness and a reduction in the exposure of non-smoking staff to cigarette smoke, which can have an irritant effect as well as causing possible long term health damage. Other reasons include the promotion of health generally and the avoidance of conflict between smokers andnon-smokers.Part (b) required candidates to provide an outline of how a no-smoking policy might be implemented effectively. The initial point to be made was that the policy should be clear in its intent and communicated to all staff. This might be achieved by the use of notice boards, leaflets and other forms of propaganda, while there would also need to be consultation with employees to encourage ownership. Many candidates recognised management's part in the process and suggested that they should set an example and also provide help to employees in the form of counselling. Finally, the provision of designated smoking areas and the use of disciplinary procedures were correctly suggested as important to the successful implementation of the policy.The arguments in favour of providing smoke-free environments have been well rehearsed and it was evident that the majority of candidates were familiar with these. No-smoking policies are also operated by many organisations and, again, candidates were able to show that they could make a useful contribution.Question 4A number of candidates experienced problems with this question by appearing to mistake the words `the reasons why' for `how' and proceeding to outline the various methods by which health and safety performance can be monitored and reviewed. The need to read the question carefully and understand its purpose is advice that cannot be given too often.Among the reasons offered by better candidates were the following: to identify substandard health and safety practices and conditions (perhaps by means of workplace inspections); to identify trends in relation to different types of incident, or incidents in general (by analysis of relevant incident data); to compare actual performance with previously set targets; to`benchmark' the organisation's performance against that of similar organisations or an industry norm; to identify whether control measures are in use and to assess their effectiveness; to be able to make decisions on appropriate remedial measures for any deficiencies identified; to set priorities and establish realistic timescales; to assess compliance with legal requirements; and to be able to provide a Board of Directors or safety committee with relevant information. An additional reason for monitoring and reviewing health andsafety performance is quite simply because there is a legal requirement to do so under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999.Weaker answers to this question never really progressed from 'so that we can see how we are doing', whereas it was the reasons `why we should want to know how we are doing' that were being sought. The question required a little thought but allowed candidates with a good understanding of health and safety management systems to shine.Question 5Most candidates provided reasonable answers to part (i) of the question, identifying the requirement to notify the enforcing authority by the quickest practicable means and then to report the death formally within ten days by an approved means (eg on form F2508). Many failed to comment that the responsible person under the Regulations has the duty to submit the report and fewer still knew that delayed deaths, up to one year after the original accident, have to be reported whether or not they have been previously reported under another category. For part (ii), a number of candidates correctly identified `major injury' as a category but then went on to list types of injury within this category (fracture of bone, amputation, 24-hours hospitalisation, etc) and ignored other categories completely. They could additionally have referred to injuries that result in the injured person being away from work, or unable to do normal work, for more than three consecutive days, and injuries to non-employees who are taken to hospital for treatment.Question 6Most candidates were able to answer this question well by providing a broad range of factors. Good answers referred to the number of trained first-aid personnel and first aid facilities in relation to, for example, the size of the organisation, the distribution and composition of the workforce, the types of hazard and level of risk present, the proximity to emergency medical services, the special needs of travelling, remote or lone workers, and the ability to provide continued cover over different shifts and for sickness, leave and other absence. Some candidates spent too much time concentrating in depth on one or two factors only and as such gained few marks. They should be aware that in answering a question of this type, referenceis needed to a range of factors to obtain all the marks available.Question 7Candidates were expected to outline the essential differences between the two main branches of law - civil and criminal. They could have referred to the different objectives of the two systems (one to provide a remedy and the other to punish), the burden of proof required (a balance of probabilities as opposed to beyond all reasonable doubt), the parties generally involved (two individuals rather than the state and an individual) and the different court structures involved. A few candidates suggested differences in the sources of law, with criminal law generally written down in statutes or statutory instruments and with civil liabilities largely defined in common law by judicial precedent.There was much confusion generally shown in answers and, in particular, between branchesof law (civil and criminal) and sources of law (statute and common), with many candidates apparently not realising that the concepts are entirely different. There was also a tendency of many candidates to refer to relevant issues pertaining to one type of law before moving on to the other type, thereby leaving it to Examiners to work out for themselves what the differences were. Even worse, there were numerous examples of candidates referring to a characteristic of one type without indicating the corresponding issue relating to the other - andtherefore not showing a difference at all. Again, many candidates displayed a lack of good examination technique, producing lists when the question clearly required an outline. Question 8Part (a) was, generally, well answered with most candidates giving an explanation based on the probability/likelihood of an occurrence and the severity of its consequences. Some candidates neglected to illustrate their explanation with an example and missed the opportunity to gain an extra mark.Producing an outline of the key stages of a general risk assessment for part (b) should not have presented too much difficulty to candidates and this proved to be the case. The initial stage in any assessment is to define the task and identify both the hazards associated with the task and the classes of persons at risk of harm. The next stage would be to evaluate the risks arising from the hazards, to assess the effectiveness of existing precautions and to decide whether additional measures are required to eliminate or control the risks. Finally the findings of the assessment need to be recorded and a timescale set for their review and, if necessary, revision.Question 9This question was designed to examine the issues involved in the training of new staff. The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, in particular, require employers to address the important issue of training. Those who did well concentrated on the matters to be included in an induction training programme as was required and did not fall into the trap of discussing wider training issues. Most candidates were able to outline the main topics as the organisation's health and safety policy, emergency procedures, hazards specific to the workplace and the need to comply with health and safety requirements, health and safety responsibilities and lines of communication, accident and first-aid arrangements, and welfare provision. More able candidates referred to health surveillance and consultation procedures.Question 10For part (a), a reasonable explanation of the term is the integration of people, equipment, materials and the environment to produce an acceptable level of safety. This involves astep-by-step procedure taking into account hazards, controls, essential equipment, personal protective equipment and training.Part (b) was generally answered well by most candidates, who outlined sources such as: legislation; approved codes of practice and official guidance; manufacturers' informatio n; British, European, international and industry standards; and direct contact with enforcement agencies and professional bodies. As well as such external sources, better candidates looked at a range of information sources from within an organisation, such as in-house standards, the results of risk assessment and job safety analysis, and accident and health surveillance data. Question 11The last question on the paper was generally well answered with many candidates able to list a good range of factors that included, amongst many others: the contractor's previous experience with the type of work; the reputation of the contractor amongst previous or current clients; the content and quality of the contractor's health and safety policy and risk assessments; the level of training and qualifications of staff (including those with health and safety responsibilities); accident/enforcement history; membership of accreditation orcertification bodies; equipment maintenance and statutory examination records; and the detailed proposals (eg method statements) for the work to be carried out.。