翻译专题(英译汉)

Leabharlann Baidu
e.g. It is hard to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English depends upon a lot of practice. 很难说学习英语是件容易事，因为精通英语靠的是大量的实践训练。 2)、逆译法： e.g. A new kind of glass bottle that will melt and disappear in sunlight is being developed in our country. 我们国家正在研制一种新型的能在阳光下溶解并消失的玻璃瓶。（状语、定语前置） e.g. The direction of movement of the machine be reversed by pressing this button.如 果按下这个按钮，就可以改变机器运动的方向。（状语前置，中心后置） 3)、合译法： e.g. We are people that have inherited ancient wisdom, that know the worth of biding one’s time and recognizing opportunity for combat. 我们的人民继承了古代的智慧，懂得如何等待并善于抓住战机。（主句译成词组） 4)、分译法： e.g. They talk in their dialect that is almost impossibly understood. 他们用方言交谈，别人几乎无法听懂。 5)、综合法： e.g. Sometimes patient suffering from severe pain can be helped by “drugs” that are not really drugs at all but rather sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements. 有时，感到剧烈疼痛的病人可借助“药”来解除病痛。实际上这种“药”根本不是 什么药， 而是不含任何活效化学成分的糖丸。
6）增加解释性文字： e.g. Knowing the ending already didn’t spoil my enjoyment of the film. 虽然我已知道了结局，但并没有破坏我看这部影片的兴致。 e.g. This medicine improves patient recovery time, discomfort and possibly dangerous side effects. 这种药缩短了病人的康复时间，减轻了他的病情，也减少了可能出现的严 重副作用。 3、省略词汇：英语中的先行词、系动词、代词、介词、连词、冠词、名词的 复数形式有时可以省略。 e.g. Children lose something of great value if their mother hardly have time to look after them because of their employment. 如果（他们的）母亲由于（她们的）工作的缘故，没多少时间照看孩子， 孩子就会失去某些极为珍贵的东西。 4、转换词类： e.g. There is an increasing interest in the large-scale use of solar energy all over the world. 世界各地对大规模利用太阳能越来越感兴趣。 e.g. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an English got into the car. 一位穿得考究，外表、谈吐象英国人的人上了火车。 5、正反互译： e.g. If he had kept his temper, the negotiation would probably have been a success. 如果他不发脾气，谈判很可能已经成功了。
e.g. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱 的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 e.g After dinner, they resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 饭后，他们继续进行会谈，一直到深夜。（省略） *3、溶合法：将英语主句压缩汉语词组做主语，而把定语从句译成谓 语。 e.g. There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 e.g.We used a plan of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某种标志。 *4、译成独立句。 e.g. It was an old woman, tall and sharply still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned. 他站住，转过身，定睛一看，是个年迈的妇女。她身材很高，仍然 一副好模样，虽然受了时间的折磨而有点憔悴。
翻译：英译汉
一、简介：考题从阅读理解四篇文章中分别选择一至二句组成一题，每题约 含10至30个单词。时间为15分钟。 二、评分标准： 每题两分，取决于是否能对句子中的一些关键词、词组、句型以及语法结 构的正确理解和自然表达，即忠实、通顺。译文全句结构正确、自然、 通顺、流畅且符合汉语表达习惯得0。5分，其他1。5分分布于句段的 三处难点和要点，没处0。5分，例如词组、被动、特殊句型、从句的翻 译。 e.g. Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break（机遇）. But rarely is success so mysterious. 我们常常相信别人的成功是由于某种特殊的奥秘或者由于某种机遇。但成 功极少是如此神秘的。 三、英译汉常用技巧： （一）词汇： 1、选择词义：首先根据上下文判断词性，再加上句与句的关系及词汇的搭配 来确定词义 1) These services involve extra charge. （收费） 2) He was placed in charge of the department. （管理） 3) The court brings a charge of dishonesty against the prisoner. （指控） 4) The enemy made a sudden charge on our army. （攻击） 5) My student are always charged with strength and power. （充满） 6) Electrons are negatively charged with electricity. （带）
3、四级常用句型翻译： 1）状语从句；包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等的各种从句， 一般从句前置。 e.g. They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没交赎金，他们就把他放了。 e.g. Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft. 纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。 e.g. You can go and play if you have done your homework. 如果做完了作业，你就可以去玩了。 e.g. He will not give up no matter what difficulty he meets. 不管他遭遇什么挫折，他都不会放弃。 e.g. We should start early so that we might get there before noon. 为了正午之前赶到那里，我们很早就动身了。 2）定语从句； *1、前置法：适用于简短的定语从句。 e.g. There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life. 全世界人民过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。 e.g.The emphasis was helped by his mouth, which was wide, thin and hard set. 他那又阔又薄又紧绷绷的嘴巴帮助了他加强了语气。 *2、译成并列分句重复或省略英语先行词。
e.g. The problem cries out for a long-term, open-minded systematic research. 我们有必要就这个问题展开一项长期的、不带成见的、系统的研究。 e.g. When we read we may visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience, or expense.我们阅读时可以遍访地球上 最美丽的地方，轻松、便捷、便宜。 (二) 语句： 1、英汉语句的比较： 1）英语多后置定语，而汉语多前置定语。 2）英语状语语序为方式状语+地点状语+时间状语；而汉语多时间状语+地点 状语+方式状语。 3）英语多长句、松散句，句子中心在句首，而汉语多短句、圆周句，句子 中心在句尾。 4）英语多以非人称做主语，汉语多以人称做主语， 5）英语中的状语多放于谓语动词之后，而汉语则习惯放于动词之前。 6）英语多被动语态，而汉语多主动语态。 7）英语多倒装句，而汉语多正装句。 e.g. 1. It is essential that every child should have the same opportunity to have education. 每个儿童都应当有同样的受教育的机会，这一点是很重要的。 2、语句基本翻译法； 1）顺译法；当英语句子结构顺序、逻辑关系安排符合汉语习惯时，可按原 文的顺序翻译。
2、增加词汇：即增加一些原文中无形而有其义的词，目的是使译文意义完整 而明确，更符合汉语表达习惯。 1）增加量词； e.g. The students have their classes in a bright classroom. （一间） 2）增加助词： e.g. Watch your step, it is a bit dark down here. （慢点走啊。这下面有点 暗。） 3）增加概括词后表示名词复数的词： e.g. The problem was both psychological and physiological. 这个问题涉及到心理和生理两个方面。 If you train an animal or a bird, you teach it skills or tricks. 如果你训练动物和鸟，你就要教它种种技巧。 … 4）增加表示不同时态的词： e.g. The real reason why prices were, and still are, too high is complicated, no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 物价过去很高，现在仍然很高的真正原因是很复杂的。它不是一两句话就 能圆满解释的。 5）增加表示语态的词：加上一些如：被，由，使，受到，加以，得到，得， 为…所，遭（到）， 予以等，或增加主语，变为主动。 e.g. Most of the problems have been settled satisfactorily. 大多数问题已经得到圆满解决。 Such a conclusion can be drawn with confidence. 我们可以很自信地得到这个结论。