《科技英语》课后习题答案

Main Content :UNIT 1 MA THEMA TICS I.Text Organization

Parts Part One

Paragraphs

Paras. 1-3

Main Ideas

Game theory can be defined as the science of strategy

which studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games)

and conflicts in cooperative forms.

Part Two Paras. 4-11 There are two distinct types

interdependence: sequential-move

simultaneous-move game.of strategic game and

Part Three Paras.The typical examples of game theory are given as the

12-19basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixing

moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and

revealing information.

Part Four Para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded in

illustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation and

it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future.

nguage Points

The games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. (Para.1)

Paraphrase:The games it (game theory) studies extends from chess to child bringing-up and from tennis to handovers.

range: v. to vary between limits, extend, run in a line

e.g. (1) The price ranges from $ 30 to $ 80. (2) The boundary ranges from north to south.

takeover: n. the act or an instance of assuming control or management of or responsibility for sth. 接收、接管

e.g. The economy of Hongkong goes well after its takeover.

Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John von Neumann. (Para.2)

pioneer: v. to be a pioneer; to originate (course of action etc., followed later by others)

e.g. The new treatment for cancer was pioneered by the experts of state hospital.

pioneer: n. original investigator of subject or explorer or settler; initiator of enterprise

e.g. The young generation was greatly motivated by the pioneers’exploits.

That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement their actions jointly. (Para.2)

Paraphrase:That is, the players were expected to select and carry out their actions together.

⋯he must anticipate and overcome resistance to his plans. (Para.3) anticipate: v. 1) to expect or realize beforehand; to foresee

e.g. The experts are anticipating the negative effects of air pollution. anticipate: v. 2) to deal with or use before proper time预支

e.g. Ted was not used to saving monthly and he would always

anticipate his income.

The essence of a game is the interdependenceof player strategies. (Para.4) Paraphrase: The key principal of a game is that player strategies are dependent on each other.

essence: n.1) the quality which makes a thing what it is; the inner nature or most important quality of a thing

e.g. The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence. essence: n. 2) extract obtained from a substance by taking out as much of the mass as possible

e.g. milk essence; essence of peppermint椒薄(荷、椒薄荷油 ) interdependence: n. the quality or fact of depending on each other