城市轨道交通客运服务英语——第八章 Emergency and First Aid

合集下载

城市轨道交通车辆专业英语

城市轨道交通车辆专业英语COMPONENTS组成：1.Car body车身It is to accommodate passengers and the driver.这是为了容纳乘客和司机。

Meanwhile, it is the basic component to connect to other devices or car bodies.同时，它是连接到其他设备或车身的基本部件。

For the purpose of meeting the strength requirement while keeping the self-weight at its lowest. 为了满足强度要求，同时保持自重最低。

Integrated steel structure or light metal structure is adopted.采用整体式钢结构或轻型金属结构。

It usually comprises of the floor, the roof, sides and end walls.它通常包括地板、屋顶、侧壁和端壁。

2. Bogies转向架Motor and trailer bogies are located between the car body and the track, to drag and guide the vehicles moving along the track.汽车和拖车转向架位于车体与轨道之间，拖曳和引导车辆沿轨道运动。

They cab bear and transfer a variety of load from lines and the car body, easing its dynamic action.他们从线路和车体上承担和传递各种载荷，减轻其动力作用。

It usually comprises of frame, spring suspension, wheel axle box and brake devices, etc.它通常包括车架、弹簧悬架、车轮轴箱和制动装置等。

城市轨道交通客运服务英语第二版答案

城市轨道交通客运服务英语第二版答案1、The teacher asked him to practice playing the piano _______. [单选题] *A. often as possibleB. as often possibleC. as possible oftenD. as often as possible(正确答案)2、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *A. himselfB. ourselvesC. myselfD. yourself(正确答案)3、—What do you think of Animal World? —______. I watch it every day.（）[单选题] *A. I don’t mind it.B. I like it.(正确答案)C. I can’t stand it.D. I don’t like it.4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of（）. [单选题] *A. dateB. shape(正确答案)C. orderD. balance5、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you6、9．—Will there be more cars in the future?—________. [单选题] *A．See youB．Well, I'm not sure(正确答案)C．You're welcomeD．Thank you7、She talks too much; you’ll be glad when you’re free of her. [单选题] *A. 与她自由交谈B. 离开她(正确答案)C. 受她的控制D. 与她在一起8、There _______ some milk in the glass. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. haveD. has9、36．The students will go to the Summer Palace if it __________ tomorrow. [单选题] * A．won’t rainB．isn’t rainingC．doesn’t rain (正确答案)D．isn’t rain10、It is my _______ to meet you here. [单选题] *A. pleasure(正确答案)B. pleaseC. pleasedD. pleasant11、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off12、These two films are very interesting. I like them _____. [单选题] *A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. both(正确答案)13、_____ of the teachers in this district are women teachers. [单选题] *A. Four fifthB. Four fifths(正确答案)C. Fourth fifthsD. Four five14、The teachers don't make us wear a school uniform and we can wear _____ we like. [单选题] *A. anyB. thatC. asD. what(正确答案)15、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write16、You should finish your homework as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. 赶快地B. 尽能力C. 一...就D. 尽快地(正确答案)17、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *A. wasteC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness18、For the whole period of two months, there _____ no rain in this area. Now the crops are dead [单选题] *A. isB. wasC. has been(正确答案)D. have been19、A little learning is a dangerous thing, _____ the saying goes. [单选题] *A. likeB. as(正确答案)C. withD. if20、87．—Could you? ? ? ? ? ? me the way to the nearest hospital?—Sure. [单选题] *A．askB．tell(正确答案)C．talk21、Mrs. Green has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. practiceB. newsC. messagesD. suggestions(正确答案)22、It was _____the policeman came_____the parents knew what had happened to their son. [单选题] *A.before…asB. until…whenC. not until…that(正确答案)D.until…that23、3．Shanghai is my hometown. It’s ________ China. [单选题] *A．nearB．far away fromC．to the east ofD．in the east of(正确答案)24、—When are you going to Hainan Island for a holiday? —______ the morning of 1st May.（）[单选题] *A. InB. AtC. On(正确答案)D. For25、______ my great joy, I met an old friend I haven' t seen for years ______ my way ______ town. [单选题] *A. To, in, forB. To, on, to(正确答案)C. With, in, toD. For, in, for26、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)27、—______some nice crayons. I think they are ______.（）[单选题] *A. Here is; Betty’sB. Here are; BettyC. Here is; BettyD. Here are; Betty’s(正确答案)28、Some students are able to find jobs after graduation while _____will return to school for an advanced degree. [单选题] *A. otherB. anotherC. others(正确答案)D. the other29、Now he is _______ his homework. [单选题] *A. busyB. busy with(正确答案)C. busy with doingD. busy does30、Mom is making dinner. It _______ so nice! [单选题] *A. smells(正确答案)B. tastesC. feelsD. sounds。

城市轨道交通车站服务英语

城市轨道交通车站服务英语一、单词1. platform- 英语释义：a flat raised structure, especially one from which people can make a speech or watch a performance, or a raised area beside a railway track where people get on and off trains.- 用法：可作名词，“on the platform”（在站台上）。

- 双语例句：The train will arrive at platform 3.（列车将到达3号站台。

）2. ticket- 英语释义：a small piece of paper or card that gives you the right to enter a place such as a cinema or a theatre, or to travel on a bus, train, etc.- 用法：名词，“buy a ticket”（买票）。

- 双语例句：I need to buy a ticket to the city center.（我需要买一张去市中心的票。

）3. gate- 英语释义：a structure like a door that can be opened and closed, usually forming part of a fence or wall around a building, area of land, etc. In a station, it is often the entrance or exit.- 用法：名词，“at the gate”（在门口/闸口）。

- 双语例句：Please show your ticket at the gate.（请在闸口出示您的票。

Unit 8 First Aid《城市轨道交通客服英语》教学课件

《Subway English 》
✩精品课件合集
Subway English
Unit 8 First Aid
Learning Objectives
In this section, you will be able to: ➢Master the English names of common first aid
medications and medical equipment; ➢Be familiar with the funcdefibrillator (AED); ➢Understand the crucial rule of cardiopulmonary
Jonathan Rogers, an employee with the D.C. Department of Transportation, was on the same train, but remained in the rail car as instructed by the conductor. He says the smoke affected several passengers around him, including a woman who passed out and had to be given CPR.
Reading: Smoke-Filled Subway Train Leaves 1 Dead, 84 Hospitalized in D.C.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique. It aims to keep blood and oxygen flowing through the body when a person’s heart and breathing have stopped. It involves external chest compression and rescue breathing, which should be performed by trained person. When the heart stops, the lack of oxygenated blood can cause brain damage in only a few minutes and a person may die within eight to ten minutes. CPR performed within the first six minutes of the heart stopping can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs until more definitive medical treatment can restore a normal heart rhythm.

城市轨道交通专业英语复习

城市轨道交通专业英语复习提纲考试题型：①英汉互译②选择题（10题）③英译汉④汉译英⑤作文一、词汇Aaccess to platforms 站台入口additional coach 加挂列车additional train 加开列车arrival and departure siding 到发线assistant driver/motorman 副司机assistant station master 副站长ATC signal 列车自动控制信号automatic door operation 自动开关车门automatic train control （ATC）列车自动控制automatic train operation （ATO）列车自动运行，列车自动驾驶Bbaggage office/room 行李房ballast 道砟，道床berth ticket 卧铺车票boarding gate 检票口box car/wagon 棚车Ccab 司机室，驾驶室carriage with cushioned berths 软卧车carriage with cushioned seats 软坐车carriage with hard seats 硬座车carriage with semi-cushioned berths 硬卧车check ticket 检票，查票chief conductor 列车长chief dispatcher 调度长city railway 城市铁路coach NO.6 六号车厢consist 列车编组顺序表【美】；车列【美】container 集装箱crew 乘务组；乘务人员crew car 宿营车crew member/man乘务人员crew room 乘务员室Ddining-car 餐车direct train 直达车down direction 下行方向Eelectric multiple-unit（EMU）电动车组emergency braking 紧急制动entrance 入口，进站口exit 出口，出站口express ticket 特快车票Ggrade crossing 平面交叉；平交道口，道口【美】guests’waiting-room 贵宾候车室Hhead driver=head engineer 司机长heavy rail 重轨high-speed intercity train 高速城际列车hump 驼峰hump yard 驼峰调车场Iinformation bureau 问讯处【美】in transfer to 中转到issuing station 售票站Llevel crossing 平面交叉，平交道口light rail 轻轨locomotive 机车locomotive depot 机务段long-distance passenger train 长途旅客列车lower berth 下铺luggage office=baggage office 行李房，行李托运处luggage storage service 行李寄存处Mmaglev（magnetically levitated）train 磁悬浮列车main-line coach 干线客车maintenance维修，保养metro 地铁middle berth 中铺monorail 单轨铁路Ppassenger service 客运passenger station 客运站people mover 小型快速交通系统personal rapid transit system小型快速交通系统pick-up goods train 摘挂列车platform 站台points 道岔Rrailway signaling 铁路信号railway station 火车站railway transport/transportation 铁路运输rapid transit 快速交通系统reception and departure of trains 接发列车refund of ticket 退票rolling stock 机车车辆总称round-the-clock service 昼夜服务round-trip fare 往返票价Sservice charge 手续费Service Counter 服务台station attendant 车站服务员station facilities 车站设备Station Master 站长station operator 车站值班员straddle monorail 跨骑式单轨铁路suspended monorail 悬挂式单轨铁路Tterminal 终点站；枢纽ticket office=booking office=reservation office 售票处ticket valid 车票有效期time interval 时间间隔to endorse ticket 签票TOFC（trailer on flat car）平车装运的集装箱挂车tunnel 隧道；地道Uunclaimed baggage 无人认领行李underground 地铁unmanned crossing=unstaffed level crossing 无人看守道口up direction 上行方向upper berth 上铺Vvehicle 车辆；运输工具Wwaiting room 候车室waiting-room for soft seat passengers 软席候车室二、选择题Unit 21、The dictionary definition of a train is a long line of vehicles traveling in （C）direction.A、differentB、leftC、the sameD、right2、A maglev train floats about（A）mm above the guideway on a magnetic field.A、10B、11C、9D、83、Because there are no wheels running along there is no wheel（B）.A、maintenanceB、noiseC、disturbanceD、resistance4、Of the 5,000 km that TGV trains serve in France，only about （C）km is high speed line.A、1,000B、1,100C、1,200D、1,3005、The vast majority of resistive force at high speed is（A）resistance.A、airB、frictionC、electricityD、heatUnit101、A rapid transit usually has high capacity and frequency，with large trains and total or near total（C）separation from other traffic. A、level B、part C、grade D、whole2、Power is commonly supplied by means of a single live third rail at（A）volts.A、600 to 750B、700 to 850C、500 to 650D、800 to 950 3、Metro systems generally use（B）power.A、ACB、DCC、overheadD、return4、Rubber tires system is much （A）than conventional steel-wheeled trains.A、quieterB、noisierC、largerD、smaller5、Some cities with steep hills incorporate（C）railway technologies into their metros.A、undergroundB、suspendedC、mountainD、conventionalUnit141、（A）is a station sited where a railway line ends or terminates.A、A terminusB、An interchangeC、A unionD、A depot2、A（C）is a stopping place that may not even have platform.A、taxi rankB、bus bayC、haltD、pub3、Some stations have unusual platform layouts,due to space constraints of the station location,or the （D）of the railway lines.A、curveB、elevationC、parallelD、alignment4、Considerrations for people with disabilities include elevator or （A）access to all platforms,matching platform height to train floors,etc.A、rampB、humpC、campD、lamp5、There are safety measures for disabled people,such as（B）markingof platform edges and covering of third rail.A、audibleB、tactileC、tastefulD、smellyUnit161、Propulsion for the train is typically provded by a separate locomotive,or from individual motors in self-prolled（B）.A、single unitB、multiple unitC、double unitsD、triple units2、A train hauled by two locomotive is said to be（A）.A、double-headedB、single-headedC、triple-headedD、multiple-headed3、Special trains are also used for track maintenance,this is called （C）.A、RPOB、TPOC、MOWD、TOFC4、Tilting is a system where the passenger cars automatically（A）into curves,reducing the centrifugal forces.A、leanB、goC、moveD、run5、The trains are electrically powered,usually by（B）rail.A、firstB、secondC、thirdD、fourth三、对话A:Are you a conductor? 你是列车员吗？B:No,I am a station attendant. 不，我是车站服务员。

《城市轨道交通客运服务英语》教学大纲

《城市轨道交通客运服务英语》课程教学大纲一、课程基本情况课程基本情况表二、课程定位本课程为城市轨道交通专业职业基础必修课，是一门理论联系实际的课程，旨在帮助学生获取城市轨道交通服务英语口语的基础技能。

本课程提供了大量的城市轨道交通服务口语素材和英语对话实例，帮助学生在获得感性认识基础上提高城市轨道交通服务英语口语的能力，为学生今后用英语进行沟通，在城市轨道交通公司的相关岗位从事服务工作打下扎实的基础。

三、教学目标（一）课程总目标在城市轨道交通服务场景中，能用英语与旅客或同事进行基本沟通。

（二）具体目标1、知识目标：掌握城市轨道交通服务、特殊要求旅客的处理、紧急情况处理、急救场景中的常用英语口语表达方式。

2、能力目标：在城市轨道交通服务、特殊要求旅客的处理、紧急情况处理、急救场景中，能用英语与旅客或同事进行基本沟通。

3、素质目标：①感性了解城市轨道交通公司的工作氛围②基本具备跨文化交际、与上司或同事沟通的能力③基本具备团队协作的能力及对工作任务的执行能力四、教学内容及教学要求教学内容与教学要求五、教学方法与教学条件（一）教学方法：1.以《城市轨道交通客运服务英语》课程标准为导向，合理安排教学；2.以模拟城市轨道交通客运服务英语工作过程实施教学，采用项目教学法、分组练习、现场示范实施教学任务。

采用项目教学、任务驱动等可操作性强的教学方式。

课程按照城市轨道交通人员工作岗位及实践活动的工作需要而设置工作任务，在任务驱动中充分发挥学生的主体作用，强调学生的自我技能实践。

并以工作岗位对城市轨道交通服务人员所提出的要求通过相应的英语水平等级测试。

（二）教学条件：教室：商务英语实训室教师应发挥主观能动性，充分开发事业有成的毕业生、用人单位、企业家、劳动模范和先进人物等德育资源，充分利用电视、报刊、网络等媒体，重视现代教学手段的使用和开发。

六、课程考核方式本课程为考试课，考核方式实施“N+1+1”的过程考核制度，其中“N”是教学过程的考核次数，占总成绩的40%，分别是：考勤10%、课堂表现10%、作业10%、实践10%；第一个“1”是课堂笔记，占总成绩的10%，第二个“1”是期末考试，占总成绩的50%。

221114111《铁路客运英语》参考答案

Warming upA.1. b2. c3. d4. aB.1. departure station2. departure time3. ticket price4. ID number5. destination6. seat number7. seat class8. passenger’s name9. QR code 10. train numberC.上铺upper berth 中铺middle berth下铺lower berth 高级软卧luxury soft sleeper软卧soft sleeper 硬卧hard sleeper商务座business class seat 特等座VIP class seat一等座first class seat 二等座second class seat软座soft seat 硬座hard seat无座standingD.1. twelve o’clock2. one o’clock3. two o’clock4. four o’clock5. three o’clock6. five o’clock7. six o’clock8. seven o’clock9. ten o’clockTesting Your EarsA.name, train, thank you, whenB.1. do2. name3. ticket office4. sign5. BeijingC.1. tea2. Here you are3. glad to meet youReadingExercisesA.1. ideal2. offered3. available4. located5. affordable6. Relax7. overnight8. optionsB.1. F2. F3. T4. T5. FC.1. 商务座对乘客来说，是理想的选择。

2. 一些高铁上有VIP坐席，这些坐席不豪华，但是却很舒服。

乘务英语综合教程unit 8

Text
Medical-first Aid
Language Points
Medical-first Aid
1 First aid is what its name suggests—the initial care of the sick or injured. It can preserve life, protect the unconscious, prevent worsening of a condition and promote recovery. First aid lasts until medical aid (doctor, nurse or ambulance officer) arrives or until the casualty recovers. During the flight, medical problems may often occur. If the passenger suffers from a serious condition, the plane will make an emergency landing at an alternate airport and ask for emergency help to be waiting for them on arrival. If it is not a life threatening condition, the crew, especially the cabin attendants can
1. Increase the blood supply to the brain if possible, by laying the patient down with the head low.

城市轨道交通专业英语(运营管理方向)习题答案

Part 1 Situational Conversation情景对话1.1 Service 服务A。

subway； figure out; direction； stopsB.1。

您可以从C1口出坐8路到人民公园。

2.打扰了，您能告诉我从这儿怎样乘坐地铁去火车站吗?3。

到了之后在E出口出，上面有公交接驳。

4。

您必须在烈士陵园站下车，换乘3号线。

C.1。

arrive2。

pull in3.from4.leaves5.tookA。

1。

My wallet is gone! I may have left it on the train.2。

Please tell me the time and direction of the train.3。

Please describe your backpack.4.It’s a blue and black backpack， made of canvas. It's 40 centimeters wide and 60 centimeters long.5。

Please tell me your name and phone number. We'll contact you as soon as we find it.B.1。

你好，我的公文包被落到列车上了。

2。

哦，我的钥匙掉到站台里了！我可以看到他们在轨道上!3.我很担心。

我的文件包里有我们公司许多重要的文件和数据！4.你能帮我找我的身份证吗？我想是昨天下午掉到站台上了.5.你好,我的手机不见了。

我可以用你的电话打个电话吗？C。

1. security 2。

for a long time 3。

peak 4。

duty 5。

cooperate1。

2 Ticketing售票A. 1。

Yes, youcan.2. It’sthree ways.3. 5 yuan, 10 yuan and 20 yuan。

城市轨道交通客运服务英语 unit 8 First Aiding for Sick Passengers

Unit 8 First Aiding for Sick Passengers
OBJECTIVES
Learn the words and expressions on first aiding for sick passengers
Master some knowledge of first aid
take medicine 服药
Words & Phrases
Activity 1
dizzy [dizi] adj. 眩晕的 as soon as possible 尽快 breathe [ bri:ð] vi. 呼吸 relieve [ri'li:v] vt. 减轻 my pleasure 好的，乐
Activity 2
Activity 3&4
Dialogue B Shall I call an ambulance for you?
Dialoge B Words & Phrases Activity 5 Activity 6 Activity 7&8
Passenger: Help! Please! Wang Dong: Please don’t worry. What’s the matter with him? Passenger: Oh, he suddenly faints. Please help him. Wang Dong: Calm down,please. Let me call an ambulance for him right now. Passenger: Hurry up. Thank you. Wang Dong: OK. The ambulance is coming soon. Let him lie lower. Also, we need to loosen his tie and collar. Passenger: That’s very kind of you. Doctor: Time is life. Let me check for a pulse, and apply CPR for him. Passenger: I really appreciate . Wang Dong and doctor: It’s my pleasure.

地铁客运服务英语课件第八单元教材课件moban

• 1. Please list four parts of BAS. • ___________________________________
___________________________________ • 2. What’s the function of BAS? • ___________________________________
Part A Part B Part C Part D Part E
Part C Text
(Sam is a student and he is visiting at a metro station. He is asking some questions to Mr. Wang. And
he has learned a lot. ) Sam : What is the full name of BAS? Mr. Wang: It is Building Automation System. Sam : Do you know its basic components? Mr. Wang: Basically it has four parts, big system, small system, water system and tunnel ventilation system. Sam : What do you mean by big system and small system? Mr. Wang: Well, big system refers to the ventilation system in the public station area. Small system refers to the ventilation and air conditioning system in the station equipment house. Sam : Then how does BAS achieve its function? Mr. Wang: It’s quite complicated. In each system sensors are set at supervising spot to measure physical data. The data gathered are input to the computer system by field bus. Sam : It sounds very difficult. Mr. Wang: Right, but it’s really useful and helpful to control the whole system.

城市轨道交通专业英语习题答案.doc

Part 1 Situational Conversation情景对话Service 服务A. subway;figure out; direction; stopsB. 1. 您可以从 C1 口出坐 8 路到人民公园。

2.打扰了，您能告诉我从这儿怎样乘坐地铁去火车站吗？3.到了之后在 E 出口出，上面有公交接驳。

4.您必须在烈士陵园站下车，换乘 3 号线。

C. 1. arrive 2. pull in 3. from 4. leaves 5. tookA.wallet is gone! I may have left it on the train. 2.Please tell me the time and direction of the train.3. Please describe your backpack.4. It's a blue and black backpack, made of canvas. It's 40 centimeters wide and60 centimeters long.5. Please tell me your name and phone number. We'll contact you as soon as we find it.B. 1. 你好，我的公文包被落到列车上了。

2.哦，我的钥匙掉到站台里了 ! 我可以看到他们在轨道上！3.我很担心。

我的文件包里有我们公司许多重要的文件和数据！4.你能帮我找我的身份证吗？我想是昨天下午掉到站台上了。

5.你好，我的手机不见了。

我可以用你的电话打个电话吗？C. 1. security 2. for a long time 3. peak 4. duty 5. cooperateTicketing售票A. 1. Yes, you can.2. It ’s three ways.3.5 yuan, 10 yuan and 20 yuan.4.Ticket Vending MachineB. 1. Tickets can be bought at Ticket Vending Machines of each station or usecity card.2. The chip in the card also allows you to buy tickets at ticket vending booth orin metro. Which is a time-saver if there are long lines at the ticket counter.3. Introduced the function of AFC system and the work principle of TVM.4. It's easy. Just go to the ticket office the subway.5. Related departments revealed that line 5 is completed, would change current ticketing system, achieve new ticketing system according to mileage.C.略A. 1. You can recharge your card at subway stations, convenience stores, banks oronline.2. Public transportation card can also be used to taxis and buses.3. Your card is not magnetic, we can give you a new card.4. Please fill in your name and phone number on the receipt.5. If the passengers need invoice, please go to customer service center to receive.B.略A. 1.我赶时间我想退票。

高速铁路客运服务英语口语

高速铁路客运服务英语口语你好，欢迎乘坐我们的高铁列车。

Hello, welcome aboard our high-speed train.请出示您的车票和身份证。

Please show your ticket and ID.请把您的行李放在行李架上。

Please put your luggage on the luggage rack.请关紧您的座椅安全带。

Please fasten your seat belt.如需帮助，请按铃。

If you need assistance, please press the call button.2. 餐车服务Dining Car Service您想喝点什么？What would you like to drink?您想吃点什么？What would you like to eat?请稍等，我马上为您上菜。

Please wait a moment, I'll serve your food soon.请享用。

Please enjoy your meal.3. 紧急情况Emergency Situation请不要惊慌，我们会在最短时间内解决问题。

Please remain calm, we will solve the problem as soon as possible.请听从工作人员的指示。

Please follow the instructions of the staff.请配合我们的安全检查。

Please cooperate with our safety check.4. 下车指引Disembarking Instructions请注意，列车即将到达终点站。

Please note that the train is approaching the final stop.请准备好您的行李。

Please prepare your luggage.请不要忘记您的物品。

上交大高职《城市轨道交通客运服务英语》教学资料教学检测 Answers to Test I

Answers to Test I I. Translate the following items into Chinese(20%).1．实际上，事实上2．服务员3．入口4．售票机5．离开前往6．充值7．磁的8．车厢9．走廊10．车长11．钱包12．地铁13．通知14．特快列车15．路过列车16．继续，前进17．小心18．接近19．暗示20．喇叭，扬声器II. Briefly answer the following questions (20%).1.Morse Code is also called as wireless telegraphy. It was invented by Guglielmo Marconi in1895. Some people believe that the Morse Code is the earliest broadcasting communicating signal used in the train.2.Signals have two purposes, protection and control. There are two types of signals, permissiveand absolute. You can tell if a signal is permissive or absolute by looking at it. Permissive signals only provide protection. Absolute signals provide both control and protection.Functionally, the basic difference between permissive and absolute signals is the most restrictive type of indication each can display.3.The Chinese Train Control System is a train control system used on railway lines in People'sRepublic of China. CTCS is similar to the European Train Control System (ETCS). It has two subsystems: ground subsystem and onboard subsystem. The ground subsystem may based on balise, track circuit, radio communication network (GSM-R), and Radio Block Center (RBC).The onboard subsystem includes onboard computer and communication module.4.ATP can also refer to automatic train protection systems in general, as implemented in otherparts of Europe and elsewhere. Automatic Train Protection (A TP) means either of two implementations of a train protection system installed in some trains in order to help prevent collisions through a driver's failure to observe a signal or speed restriction.5.There are many kinds of railroad vehicles, and trains are only one of these kinds. High-speedrails, monorails, light rails, maglev trains and metros are all railroad vehicles.IV. Translate the following text into Chinese (20%).1.火车是铁路运输的一系列的车辆，通常沿一个轨道运输货物或乘客。

城市轨道交通客运服务英语作文

城市轨道交通客运服务英语作文In the modern urban landscape, rail transit has become an indispensable part of the transportation network, providing efficient and reliable services to millions of commuters daily. This essay will explore the various aspects of urban rail transit passenger services, including the importance of these services, the challenges faced, and the strategies for improvement.Importance of Urban Rail Transit ServicesUrban rail transit services are crucial for several reasons. Firstly, they offer a sustainable mode of transportation that helps reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. By providing an alternative to private vehicles, rail transit encourages the use of public transport, thereby contributing to a greener environment.Secondly, rail services are known for their punctuality and frequency, which is vital for the daily commute of urban residents. The high capacity of trains allows for the transportation of a large number of passengers in a short amount of time, ensuring that the city's workforce can reach their destinations promptly.Challenges in Urban Rail Transit ServicesDespite their benefits, urban rail transit services facenumerous challenges. One of the primary issues is the aging infrastructure, which can lead to delays and service disruptions. Maintaining and upgrading these systems is a significant financial and logistical challenge for many cities.Another challenge is the increasing demand for services, which can lead to overcrowding during peak hours. Managing the flow of passengers and ensuring their safety is a constant concern for transit authorities.Strategies for ImprovementTo address these challenges, several strategies can be implemented. Investing in infrastructure upgrades and modernization is essential to improve the reliability and efficiency of rail transit systems. This includes the adoption of advanced technologies such as automated train operation and communication systems.Enhancing passenger experience is another key area of focus. This can be achieved through the provision of real-time information systems that keep commuters informed about delays and service changes. Additionally, improving accessibility for individuals with disabilities and ensuring a clean and safe environment within stations and on trains can significantly boost customer satisfaction.ConclusionUrban rail transit services are a cornerstone of modernurban life, offering a vital link for the commuting public. By recognizing the importance of these services and addressing the challenges through strategic improvements, cities can ensure that their rail transit systems continue to serve their residents effectively and efficiently for years to come. The future of urban mobility hinges on the ability of these systems to adapt and evolve, providing a sustainable and reliable means of transport for all.。