国际实物配送outcome2
物流outcome2
1.0 Introduction (2)2.0 In the operations of the ZK company customer service (2)2.1 Technical service (2)2.2 low stock out levels (2)2.3 product tracking (3)3.0 Explain how ZK would evaluate its customer service and the relationship customer service has with organizational performance (3)4.0 Explain a customer service approach to logistics and distribution and how this would be appropriate to ZK (4)5.0 Evidence of additional research and answers linked to the case material (4)6.0 Reference (5)1.0 IntroductionThis report about the main logistics customer service. Combined with the case of ZK, this paper analyzes and discusses the logistics company in customer service elements. Combination of knowledge in China's strategic goals ZK-expansion, to provide a theoretical support.2.0 In the operations of the ZK company customer serviceWe can put the ZK company customer service is divided into three stages.1.Pre-transactional 2. Transactional elements 3. Post-transactionalIn the three different stages, with their own task. Each of them a stage and has a very crucial factors. The first stage of the key factor is technical services. The second stage of the key factor is the low stock out levels. The third stage of the key factor is the product tracking.2.1 Technical serviceTechnical service is the main mode of operation of the technology market and scope. Refers to the party with technology for the other party to solve a particular technical problems of all kinds of services provided. Such as the conventional calculation, design, measurement, analysis, installation, commissioning, and provide technical information, improve the production process, the technology of the diagnosis and other services.In the ZK the Inventory management involves monitor inventory level. The technical services in logistics in the first stage is very important. A technical service of security can be in the industry have better competitiveness. So as to achieve more market share2.2 low stock out levelsMinimum inventory is refers to the inventory in the warehouse storage should be the minimum quantity, below this number is likely to cause shortage, which affects the normal production enterprise.Safety stock: in the inventory of the goods kept in a number of projects, in order to prevent the demand or supply unpredictable fluctuations. And the minimum inventory: inventory in the warehouse shall be kept the minimum quantity, below this numbermay form the shortage, affect the normal production. Users should fill in the loading and unloading single, if a stock at present "stock below the minimum inventory, the system will be the police. Safety stock is in the calculation of the consideration when purchasing demand, minimum inventory after setting will report to the police. Safety stock does not equate to the minimum inventory. In order to ensure the stock in safe range, and does not produce overmuch backlog cost, can be set minimum inventory, safety stock and highest inventory. In the ZK Minimum inventory can understand the uncertainty for the factors for and uncertainty factors set inventory, safety stock can be understood only for in uncertainty for the factors set inventory, the highest can be understood as the backlog in inventory cost of inventory and set point.2.3 product trackingProduction or sales process, the product of the path for real-time tracking. Can help enterprises to control product trend, prevent the product is lost or be DiaoBao, effectively put an end to the emergence of counterfeit products. Including cases and transportation of container mark and coding, make the product, batch number, origin and even producing countries can be in any time determined. This means that in a potential problem, any products all through the traceability of processing pro gram, from where it comes. So, if there's a problem, it can quickly specified and correct. In the ZK Just read the product of the bar code, can in the database of the product all the related out data, greatly convenient product quality tracking and after-sales service.3.0 Explain how ZK would evaluate its customer service and the relationship customer service has with organizational performanceAs a logistics company, the customer service in the specific performance evaluation is and contribution. Among them, the evaluation have number of complaints, the volume of stock outs, completeness of orders, speed and convenience of the systems. The contributions have performance, adding value, competitive advantageEvaluation:Evaluation value, sure or revised value through detailed carefullyUsually research and evaluation, determine the meaning and the value of the object orstateContribution:piously worship or given other people, generally refers to lower the contribution to the superior, some of gratuitousHelp to something behavior, or be beneficial to the countryFirst ZK need to assess their customer service. It is I know to find information through the relevant customer service evaluation information. Through the above information than this can develop their own customer service evaluation system4.0 Explain a customer service approach to logistics and distribution and how this would be appropriate to ZK.ZK would need to research the needs of the customers, rank these in order of importance to the customer, speed and convenience of the systems ,number of complaints, completeness of orders, the volume of stock outs, I think ZK company should be in this order to evaluate customer service. I think that the efficiency of the company should be the most important, the efficiency is money. Secondly, we should be in the enterprise quickly at the same time the attention of its quality, so you can quickly and steadily. The third is to test the specific implementation of first two evaluation, can help enterprise in a strategic goal at the same time, in tiny link do more perfect. The fourth this a evaluation is used to verify our strategic goals and implementation of specific presence of problems, and improve.This would be beneficial to ZK as it would help improve their service and may allow the company to segment their service based on customer needs.5.0 Evidence of additional research and answers linked to the case materialI think that is a very successful ZK of the company. Although very successful but how to make this company can long-term success down, is a very let a person of tangled things, so I think that in addition to study foreign our customer service, and we also should well of study, for example equity mechanism, social security, enterprise accumulation fund, etc. The purpose is to let the employees in the company can do tomaximize efficiency, and happy for the enterprise to make their contribution.6.0 Reference/view/61767.htm/view/4240450.htm/view/26945.htm/view/1448.htm/view/844168.htm。
出口易M2C供销平台介绍-Otter高灿PPT培训课件
提升品牌影响力和市场份额。
出口易m2c供销平台的战略规划
强化供应链整合
出口易将进一步强化供应链整合，优化采购、生 产、物流等环节，提高整体运营效率。
深化客户关系管理
通过深化客户关系管理，提高客户满意度和忠诚 度，实现客户价值最大化。
创新业务模式
出口易将积极探索和创新业务模式，以满足不断 变化的市场需求，提升企业竞争力。
出口易m2c供销平台介绍otter高灿ppt培训课件
• 出口易m2c供销平台概述 • 出口易m2c供销平台的业务模式 • 出口易m2c供销平台的运营管理 • 出口易m2c供销平台的未来展望
01
出口易m2c供销平台概述
m2c供销平台的定义与特点
定义
直接性
m2c供销平台是一种将生产商与消费者直 接对接的电子商务平台，通过去除中间环 节，降低交易成本，提高交易效率。
出口易m2c供销平台的运营管理
平台运营团队介绍
团队规模
出口易m2c供销平台的运营团队 规模较大，拥有专业的技术、营 销、客服等人员，能够提供全方
位的服务支持。
团队成员背景
团队成员来自不同的领域和行业， 具备丰富的经验和专业知识，能 够为平台的发展提供有力保障。
团队分工与合作
团队成员分工明确，各司其职， 同时注重团队协作，共同推动平
台的发展。
平台运营策略与规划
市场定位
出口易m2c供销平台的市场定位明确，专注于为中小企业提供全 面的供销解决方案，满足其出口贸易需求。
运营策略
平台采取多元化的运营策略，包括品牌推广、渠道拓展、客户服务 等，以提高用户黏性和市场占有率。
规划发展
平台制定了长远的发展规划，不断优化产品和服务，提升用户体验 和价值，以实现可持续发展。
outcome3国际实物配送
Packing:Packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. The first，In this case Angus Glens’ water needs packing by glass bottle. Because the use of glass bottles of mineral water to avoid water evaporation, but also to avoid water pollution.Second，The Angus Glens puts the water bottles and glass bottles to the wooden box.Because before the use of glass bottles of this product, if the use of cartons, then it is likely to cause the broken glass bottles, and the use of wooden boxes to avoid this result.But to note is in between the glass bottles also need to put some cotton or sponge like things, so you can avoid them in the transit of the collision.Third，in this case Angus Glens make the 25 full of mineral water packed in wooden containers loaded in 1200 × 1800 pellets. Because of the quantity of this product, Angus Glens can only use the container. But in the process of packing it is needed to put some sponges or cotton between the wooden box in order to prevent the collision between the wooden box.Marking:In the first The Angus Glens can mark the production date on the glass bottle so that consumers can see more clearly whether this bottle of water can be used.Can also be marked on the glass bottle this glass bottles can be recycled. Also can be in this glass bottles affixed to their own trademarks.Second，Can be marked on the wooden box inside the number of bottles, so that it can be convenient to count the number, but also can be marked on the wooden box this is a fragile product.In the process of handling should be handled with care.Third，The order number of these products can be marked on the container as well as the city to be shipped. And some detailed information, such as the name of the shipping company, the date of shipment, the destination of the contract number, etc.①Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss. It is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. Insurance involves pooling funds from many insured entities (known as exposures) to pay for the losses that some may incur. The insured entities are therefore protected from risk for a fee, with the fee being dependent upon the frequency and severity of the event occurring. In order to be an insurable risk, the risk insured against must meet certain characteristics. Insurance as a financial intermediary is a commercial enterprise and a major part of the financial services industry, but individual entities can also self-insure through saving money for possible future losses.The purpose of insurance is to compensate the loss of the insured, the insured will be re placed in the position where they have lost.In this case The Angus Glens’ goods in the waterway, railway, highway and transportation in the process of transportation, namely, the liability insurance due to natural disasters or accidents loss can get financial compensation, and strengthen traffic safety and loss prevention work to promote commodity production and the commodity circulation.②According to the situation and the type required, there are several sets of terms that can be attached to the policy of the Institute.It is usual practice to insure under clauses A,B or C and Pay extra premium for war risk or strike.All risks of loss or damage to the insured subject to the terms and conditions of the goods must be excluded from all the usual terms of the goods.Cargo B&C are similar to clause A with additional exclusions.③Open cover ：The is an insurance company which is insured by the insurer to ship the goods within a certain period of time, and the insurance policy for the export of the goods at the price of CIF or the import of the goods at the price of CFR FOB. It stated the scope of the insurance coverage, the insurance premium, the premium rate, the maximum amount of insurance for each shipment and the calculation of the premium.Where belongs to the open cover insurance within the scope of import and export cargo, shipment automatically according to the appointment insurance policyconditions listed underwriting, but was the insurer was informed that the shipment of each batch of goods, should immediately to notice of shipment or other written form will be the goods name, quantity, amount of insurance and transport type and name, a range of origin destination location, sailing date and notify the insurance company.Q3Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. The movement of people into and out of a country is normally monitored by immigration authorities, under a variety of names and arrangements. The immigration authorities normally check for appropriate documentation, verify that a person is entitled to enter the country, apprehend people wanted by domestic or international arrest warrants, and impede the entry of people deemed dangerous to the country.Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods into and out of a country, which its customs authority enforces. The import or export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden. In most countries, customs are attained through government agreements and international laws. A customs duty is a tariff or tax on the importation (usually) or exportation (unusually) of goods. Commercial goods not yet cleared through customs are held in a customs area, often called a bonded store, until processed. All authorized ports are recognized customs areas.Q4①Sea model: The advantage of ocean transportation is that his cost is low, and they are relatively large.But its disadvantage is that the speed is slow, the navigation risk is big, the sailing date is not accurate. Ocean shipping mode is the most important mode of transport in international trade.Rail model：The Characteristics of rail model are the low energy consumption；Transport capacity; high speed; low transportation cost; universal; natural environment and good influence; continuity.Air model：The best advantage of air model is very fast. It can save much time. But the cost of the air model is highly. The construction and maintenance of the airport requires a lot of money.D irect road：The cost of the direct road is highly, And the per pallet cost is also a bit of expansive. But it is shipped every day, and the model is very cyclical.In addition，Direct road transport time is not long.Multi-model：The cost of the Multi-model’s per pallet is cheap. In addition,the model is very cyclical. But in this modes. The cost of this model is not cheap. And it will spend more time in change the model.②First，Terms of payment.The buyer must pay in accordance with the terms of the contract. They cannot use other means of payment.Such asThe seller asked the buyer can only use L/C payment, the buyer can only use the L/C as a payment method. Second，Date of Arrival，The seller must deliver the goods to the designated place within the time specified in the specified time, not exceeding the time. Because some products must be delivered to the destination within a certain period of time, otherwise the product may be over the use of the period.Third，packing，The seller must carry out the packing of the products in accordance with the requirements of the buyer.Because different countries have different language and culture, so the use of language and pictures on the packaging to meet the requirements of their country.The seller may be required to carry out the packing in order to avoid unnecessary trouble.③We should consider the unexpected circumstances. For example, the financial turmoil or the devaluation of the currency will affect the price of the product, etc., in the way of a state government issued some of the embargo will lead to an increase in the transport of goods. Of course, in the course of transport will encounter storms, typhoons and other natural disasters, which will lead to transport time has become unstable, and may cause damage.In some areas, as well as war and terrorism, these will make transportation is not smooth.。
HND-国际实物配送2
HND-国际实物配送21Transportation modesMode Totalmode cost Cost perpalletTransittimeAdvantages DisadvantagesSea 620 24.8 7days Cheap andlargecapacity Slow and high risksAir 1265 253 4hours Fast andsecure Expensive and finite capacityRail 1275 51 2days Fast andlargecapacity Less flexible and need railroadDirect road 1350 67.5 3days Better forshipped andconvenient Small capacity and expensiveMulti-mode 1185 47.4 7 days18hours Reducehanding ofcargo andquickertransit timesCost ofinvestment ishighTake sea as an example, because the shipping requires 25 pallets and the total cost is 620, the cost per pallet is 620/25=24.8. In the similar way, other result also can be calculated, except the Multi-mode. The Multi-mode’ cost is 1185 including 125, 620, 295, and145, thus the cost per pallet is 1185/25=47.4.Air transportation is optimum choice. Air transportation can use the least time to convey goods due to faster speed. Besides, it also ensures the security to a large extent relatively. However, it also has some disadvantages. Air transportation has expensive cost, and airport is distant from municipal center.Sea transportation also can be chosen. Though it is the slowest method and vulnerable to bad weather in ocean, it is the lowest expenses of freight and carries the largest quantities.Angus Glen also can select rail. Rail has a large capacity and is less refrained by bad weather. Rail has these disadvantages, it is not much flexible and can notwork without railroad.2 Consignment delivery termFCA Free Carrier(named placeof delivery) A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods named airport, terminal, or other place where carrier operates. Cost loss transfer buyer and risk of loss transfer to the buyer after deliver to the carriers. The seller fulfils his obligation deliver when he has handed goods over, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named named by the buyer at the named place. When used trade terms, word“free” means seller has an obedience to deliver goods named place for transfer to carrier (, 2016).FOB Free OnBoard(named portof shipment) a term in international commercial law specifying at what point the seller transfers ownership of the goods to the buyer. Under the Incoterms 2010 standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce, FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight, and also defines ownership transfer. The owner of the goods is responsible for damage or loss during transport, so the point of ownership transfer is important(, 2016).CIF Cost,Insurance &Freight(named portof destination) This term is broadly similar to the above CFR term, with the exception that the seller is required to obtain insurance for the goods while in transit to the named port of destination. CIF requires the seller to insure the goods for 110% of their value under at least the minimu)m cover of the Institute Cargo Clauses of the Institute of London Underwriters, or any similar set of clauses. The policy should be in the same currency as the contract. CIF can be used by any transport by sea and air not limited to containerized or non-containerized cargo and includes all charges up to the port/terminal of entrance. CIP covers additional charges at the port/terminal of entrance(, 2016).CPT Carriage Paidto (namedplace ofdestination) The seller pays for the carriage of the goods up to the named place of destination. However, the goods are considered to be delivered when the goods have been handed over to the first or main carrier, so that the risk transfers to buyer upon handing goods over to thatcarrier at the place of shipment in the country of Export. The seller is responsible for origin costs including export clearance and freight costs for carriage to the named place of destination. If the buyer requires the seller to obtain insurance, the Incoterm CIP should be considered instead(, 2016).CIP Carriage andInsurancePaid to(named placeof destination) CIP requires the seller to insure the goods for 110% of the contract value under at least the minimum cover of the Institute Cargo Clauses of the Institute of London Underwriters or any similar set of clauses. The policy should be in the same currency as the contract, and should allow the buyer, the seller, and anyone else with an insurable interest in the goods to be able to make a claim.CIP can be used for all modes of transport, whereas the Incoterm CIF should only be used for non-containerised seafreight(, 2016).DAT Delivered AtTerminal(namedterminal atport or placeof destination) This Incoterm requires that the seller delivers the goods, unloaded, at the named terminal. The seller covers all the costs of transport (export fees, carriage, unloading from main carrier at destination port and destination port charges) and assumes all risk until arrival at the destination port or terminal.The terminal can be a Port, Airport, or inland freight interchange, but must be a facility with the capability to receive the shipment.All charges after unloading are to be borne by buyer. However, it is important to note that any delay or demurrage charges at the terminal will generally be for the seller's account(, 2016).DAP Delivered AtPlace (namedplace ofdestination) Under DAP terms, the risk passes from seller to buyer from the point of destination mentioned in the contract of delivery.Once goods are ready for shipment, the necessary packing is carried out by the seller at his own cost, so that the goods reach their final destination safely. All necessary legal formalities in the exporting country are completed by the seller at his own cost and risk to clear the goods for export(, 2016).DDP DeliveredDuty Paid(named placeof destination) Seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the named place in the country of the buyer, and pays all costs in bringing the goods to the destination including import duties and taxes. The seller is not responsible for unloading. This term is often used in place of the non-Incoterm Free In Store. This term places the maximum obligations on the seller and minimum obligations on the buyer. No risk or responsibility is transferred to the buyer until delivery of the goods at the named place of destination(, 2016).Inc ote rm 20 10 Export-CustomsdeclarationCarriagetoport ofexportUnloadingoftruckinport ofexportLoadingcharges inport ofexportCarriage(SeaFreight/AirFreight) toportofimportUnloadingchargesinportofimportLoadingontruckinport ofimportCarriage toplaceofdestinationInsuranceImportcustomsclearanceImporttaxesEX W BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerFC Sell Sell Bu Bu Buye Buy Buy Buy Buy BuyFor incoterms ’ importance, it can ensure that transactions are finished successfully and safely. By negotiating, sellers and buyers can sign contract containing right and duty and other pertinent item. It also explicitly shows the price and cost between buyers and sellers. In general, buyers should pay cost, freight and insurance. It is good for solving conflict. In the end, incoterms is beneficial for relevant agencies to carry out operational activities3 Consolidation and groupage arrangementA er er yer yer r er er er er er FOB Sell er Sell er Sell er Sell er Buye r Buy erBuy er Buy erBuy erBuy erCP T Sell er Sell er Sell er Sell er Seller Sell er Sell er Sell erBuy er Buy erCI F Sell erSell erSell erSell erSeller Sell erBuy erBuy erSell er Buy erBuyerCI P Sell er Sell er Sell er Sell er Seller Sell er Sell er Sell er Sell er Buy er BuyerDA T Sell er Sell er Sell er Sell er Seller Sell er Sell er Sell er Buy er Buy er DA P Sell er Sell er Sell er Sell er Seller Sell er Sell er Sell er Buy er Buy er DD PSell er Sell er Sell er Sell erSeller Sell er Sell er Sell erSell er Sell erGroupage Less-than-container load (LCL) is a shipment that is notlarge enough to fill a standard cargo container. Theabbreviation LCL formerly applied to less than car loadfor quantities of material from different shippers or fordelivery to different destinations carried in a singlerailway car for efficiency. LCL freight was often sortedand redistributed into different railway cars atintermediate railway terminals en route to the finaldestination.(Henry, Robert Selph (1942))LCL is "a quantity of cargo less than that required forthe application of a carload rate. A quantity of cargo lessthan that fills the visible or rated capacity of aninter-modal container. It can also be defined as aconsignment of cargo which is inefficient to fill ashipping container. It is grouped with otherconsignments for the same destination in a container ata container freight station.[2]Consolidation People take above Groupage’s containers to samewarehouse to preserve together. Then, carrying them todifferent boat according to these container’s destination,for example, there are 5 containers and 2 boat. If 2containers’destination is the U.S, they will be carriedon A boat.If another 3 containers is to UK, they will becarried on B boat.Circumstances when they could be used The groupage often is normally used by the sea, rail and direct road. Its number is not large and the goods have no rigorous time requirements. Consolidation is fit for air transportation and carries necessities, thus w hen some emergencies happens or transportation need less time, the consolidation will be used. It acknowledges the general products instead of the exceptional productsCost effective pallet load level By the part 1, the choice is direct road whose cost is 1350 and to per pallet is 108 so result is 1350/108 =12.5.By calculating, the result is 12.5, so, when the load is equal to or bigger than 12.5 pallets, the direct road mode is effective. However, according to method, the result should be rounded to the nearest integer, thus the result is 13 finally.4 Least total costRoute A Mode CostKirriemuir to Coatbridge Road145+28=173poundsCoatbridge to Southampton Rail 315+15+12*2+24.5+55=433.5 poundsSouthampton to Port de montreal Canada Sea 1880+24.5+34=1938.5 poundsPort de montreal Canada to Ecosse Hotel Road 420+2*18+32=488 poundsHire cost32*6=192pounds Insurance 80*(1+10%)=88 poundsTotal cost 3313 poundsRoute B Mode CostKirriemuir to Tillbury Road505+32+6*15=627 poundsTillbury to Port Sea 2010+24.5+34=de montrealCanada2068.5 poundsPort de montreal Canada to Ecosse Hotel Road 420+2*18+32=488 poundsHire cost23*6=138pounds Insurance 80 poundsTotal cost 3401.5 poundsByabovechart,Rout e A-- Kirriemuir Bottling Plant to Coatbridge Railport to Southampton Container Terminal to Port de Montreal Canada to Ecosse Hotel is optimum choice. Because the cost of Route A is lower than Route B.5 Procedures and documentation tableArea Procedure DocumentationTransportation Foremost, companyselects freight forwarder Insurance listRoute Mode LeasttotalcostA Road RailSea Road 3313 poundsand sign contract and convey the goods from UK to the port of exports. Then, company loads goods after checking. Next, the purchaser lets bearer to help convey the goods. Then, conveying them to Canada. Next, the purchasers empty the ship. Then, the purchaser convey the goods to the manufacture’s factory. Finally, the goods are in the destination, finishing the process. Commercial invoice[3]Goods classification Packing listCommerce Foremost, buyer consultprice for seller. Then selleranswer the question andoffer quotation andpro-forma invoice. Next,buyer goes to custom andsign CISG[5]. Then sellerexport goods. Proforma invoice[4] Export invoice CISG International commercial contractCustoms Custom staff checkwhether there areforbidden goods. If goodsall are eligible, they willbe allowed to enter intoCanada and tax goods Customs invoice Customs declarationGood classificationIn the transportation, this procedure’s flow chart perhaps is warehouse, station, container freight yard, customs and destination, which involves these documents such as Insurance list, commercial invoice, goods classification, etc. Incommerce, the flow chart, consulting, contract, order formand preparation goods, whose relevant documents have p roforma invoice, export invoice, CISG, international commercial contract. In custom, the pertinent procedure is uploading, checking, taxing and permitting through and its documents have customs invoice, customs declaration, good classification and so on.。
HND 物流报告outcome 2
1. IntroductionIn this report, it covers three topics: the elements are applicable to ZK’s products, the way ZK would evaluate its customer service and relationship customer service has with organizational performance and a customer service approach to logistics and distribution which is appropriate to ZK.2.0 Findings2.1 The elements are applicable to ZK’s productsAbout this part, there are three main points: pre-transactional, transactional elements and post-transactional.For the pre-transactional, which means before the transaction, there is a written policy statement to introduce the employees’ behavior and explain the mission of the company. This part also provides a clear organizational structure of the company to provide high-quality service to the customers. To achieve the goal of providing good customer services, ZK needs a flexible system which supports the company’s daily services for the customers and clients, and resists the changeable risk from external environment. Besides, the company needs technical services for the customers, which is best for their products. Through providehigh-tech products to fill the requirements of customers and the variable needs for the colorful products.For the transactional elements, the most important point is services efficiency. That means the level of stock out should be low, which needs a high rate of selling goods. And then, the company must make sure of the company needs create a good impression to the customers. The next one is the accuracy of system which will bring the order convenience for the company, which will give a considerable volume for the company. Because the system accuracy results in the order convenience, what’s more, that element directly results consumers satisfaction which will greatly contribute to the volume.For the post-transactional element which also can be called as after service. As a company which gains a good brand reputation may certainly provide excellent after service to holdback order. And that involves in the warranties for their products’ tracking. These all require the high quality of customers and great electronic business, the company makes a good products’ tracking, which makes the company assure the arrival of products. At last, ZK should make full preparation for the complaints of customers. An appropriate dealing with those complaints is a good fortune of the company. That also is a great contribution to customer satisfaction.2.2 Evaluation of customer service and relationship between customer service and organizational performance.To evaluate the quality of customer service, the entity may measure it from these ways: the number of complaints, the volume of stock out, completeness of orders and speed and convenience of systems. The less complaints of the product are, the more splendid of the products are. The volume of stock outs depends on the speed and convenience of the systems, which provides a proper way of measurement for the customer service. The last element used to evaluate the customer service is product tracking which means ZK should track its sold products through it finished to sending to customers, which requires a specific level of technology and energy but efficient enough for improving volume.About the relationship between customer service and organization performance, organization performance contributes to the customer services. If an organization performed well, there must be much contribution to the organization’s products. On the other hand, good customer service will bring the organization with adding value for its products and competitive advantage of the organization.2.3 A customer service approach to logistics and distributionAn appropriate approach for the ZK’s customer service is meeting customers’ needs. In detail, in order to meet the actual needs of customers, ZK may need to finish a survey directly to the customer. To interview them for the specific requirements about the products and services is the first step. Next, after gathering a number of information about the service, ZK’srelevant department starts to those information and rank them according to their importance. And then, it’s the last step. The implement of those appropriate needs for the customer which contributes well to ZK.Through the implement of this approach, ZK can improve its quality of customer service because that meets the needs of customers enough. What’s more, the brand reputation of ZK will also be improved well.ZK would need to research the needs of the customers, rank these in order of importance to the customer, speed and convenience of the systems ,number of complaints, completeness of orders, the volume of stock outs, I think ZK company should be in this order to evaluate customer service. I think that the efficiency of the company should be the most important, the efficiency is money. Secondly, we should be in the enterprise quickly at the same time the attention of its quality, so you can quickly and steadily. The third is to test the specific implementation of first two evaluation, can help enterprise in a strategic goal at the same time, in tiny link do more perfect. The fourth this a evaluation is used to verify our strategic goals and implementation of specific presence of problems, and improve.This would be beneficial to ZK as it would help improve their service and may allow the company to segment their service based on customer needs.3. ConclusionTo sum up, ZK’s products’ elements involves pre-transactional, transactional andpost-transactional. The evaluation of customer service includes the number of complaints, the volume of stock outs, completeness of orders and speed and convenience of systems. At last, as for the customer service approach to logistics and distribution is meeting customers’ needs.4. Reference1. McKenzie, Lionel W. (1954). "Specialization and Efficiency in the World Production". Reviewof Economic Studies 21.2.Jump up^ McKenzie, Lionel W. (1956). "Specialization in Production and the ProductionPossibility Locus".3.Jones, Ronald W. (1961). "Comparative Advantage and the theory of Tariffs; A Multi-Country,Multi-commodity4. Downburst, R.; Fischer, S.; Samuelson, P. A. (1977). "Comparative Advantage, Trade, andPayments in a Riparian Model with a Continuum of Goods".5. Matsuyama, K. (2000). "A Riparian Model with a Continuum of Goods under No homotheticPreferences: Demand Complementarities, Income Distribution, and North-South Trade".6.Steadman, Ian (Ed) 1979 Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory, London: Macmillan and NewYork: St. Martin's Press. Steadman, Ian 1979 Trade Amongst Growing Economies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press。
SQA-HND-国际实物配送outcome1
SQA-HND-国际实物配送outcome11.Explain the various tasks which would come under your remit as Physical Resource Manager.As a physical resource manager we have various task such as planning, organising, coordinating, budgeting, controlling and monitoring/evaluating.The first task is planning,as a Physical resource manager we must need know and understand the plan and role in the planning.It is conclude three level of logistics planning:strategic planning, tactical planning, operational planning.The strategic planning is medium to long term planning spanning one to five years. In this case, the Angus Glen Water cooperate with Ecosse Hotels and offer the water to all of the hotel. Due to that the hotel operate in many different countries, Angus Glen Water will enter the international market and this is an big strategy and decision for the company, so they need make the strategic planning.Therefor the manager also need the tactical planning,from we study we can know this planning spanning six months to a year.This planning will deal with annual budgets,which provide the financial basis.Finally we need operational planning,it is controlled the standards and rules and is day to day planning.Manager need detect the weekly and monthly reports to understand the operation of department and take some measures to deal with the problem.The second task is organization,the manager absolutely need to ensure that the plans scheduled and the right task are being done at the right time and by the right person.Dividing up the work is really importance to the manager in organization too.In this task the manager have two small task, the first is find more more manufacturer to produce the glass bottle and find new haulier to transport the product to other countries.The second task is make decision of the transportation mode, such as airline, ship or train,include the production enter in to the new market.After ensure the transportation the manager have to consider the export document.In one word the manager need consider and makesure every process is right and really be done in the whole process from the old market to the new market.Thirdly, coordinating in this task manager have to keeping control at all time to ensure that all plans are met. And this task consist of some small task such as delegating, objective setting. Delegating is one of the most importance coordinating tasks, in this task manager absolutely need to sure that the members of the team understand what is expected of them, just by the way the manager can croodinating. First of all manager must ensure that the person being given the task has the right level of skill to carry out the task[1]. Secondly, is that the manager should tell them what state required results and the resources required. The staff should understand what is the required results and discuss the resources. The manager should set a deadlines and support to them, if the staff meet any problem ,the manager can communicate with them and solve the problem. Finally the manager need evaluate the final results and obtain the feedback. If the manager can delegate the right people , the task will be coordinate. In this case the manager need to coordinate the department and by coordinating improve they work efficiency. Absolutely, setting a target is importance for coordinating, the work person objective. The manager use the objectives to measure the performance and offer some suggestion to others, it will coordinate the task.Fourth task is budgeting, from study we can know the budgeting are cost goal set by top manager, it means through the budgeting the distribution manager can know what the organization goals and objectives are, and what resources will be needed to achieve those goals and objective. Then ensure that distribution activities are profitable and efficient.Fifth is controlling. This task is to ensure that the goals is achieved and comparing the actual results and original objectives. then, the manager canevaluate the detail things and find some good activities and some terrible things.Finally is monitoring and evaluation, as a manager monitoring [2] is essential, because by the way can improve efficient of work such as “independent check ” and “double check ”. In the last task, the manager need make a evaluation about this work. Such as the target, plan,the result is good or bad.2.Explain how the International Trade Department would be structured and how this would benefit Angus Glen over a structure that did not include this department.International trade department can help companies to further expand overseas markets. Including import and export of international trade department, for example, overseas procurement, marketing the three points. Here are some staff to deal with the export or import problem, to the as the export certificate, the document of import and export. The purchasing oversea is in charge of the managementSeniorGeneralProduction Transport andwarehouse Sales and Marketing Research and Developmen Internatio nal trade department Accounts and General administratPurchasing Import andExport Sales and Marketingpurchasing in the world, to the as the material, the bottle and others. The sales and marketing is responsible for the sales and marketing in other countries, and find new customer and sell the product to them.There are some benefit when the company establish the international trade department. At first, this department can help the company expand in the oversea market more convenience and quickly. The second, by establish the department can improve the strength of corporation and improve the popularity of brand. The company has the international trade department and the staff will sell their product to other countries and increase the sales. Finally the company can decrease the cost by international trade department oversea purchasing.3.Describe the links that would operate between the International Trade Department and other departments within the organization. Transport and warehouse department is responsible for transport and preservation stores. Transport department major task is distribution the goods between different city and ensure the goods quality and quantity. Warehouse department have two major task, the first one is preservation the goods this is also the most importance task for warehouse department such as unified the various business processes, periodic inventory system and make sure the consistent of warehouse[3]account, content and card.. The second one is make sure the production is satisfaction.Production department is really important for a company, because this department is link to customers, if the production can’t get satisfaction of customers the company may can not get profit. This department major task is ensure the production activity will finish in time. And this department need have de good corporation with development department and marketing department, because this department need accuracy data to make goods[4].The international trade department is important for the company and it will connect with other department, meanwhile, other department also will get information from the department. Such as, the production department, the international trade department obtain a customer from Canada, so the international trade department will tell the production department to produce the goods and tell them the entail of customer. And the the international trade department is really important to decrease the cost through oversea purchasing. The transport and warehousing department will offer the information of warehousing to international trade department, then the international trade department will help the department to manage the inventory. For the D&R department, the international and trade department can bring some new technology to D&R department from other country. The R&D department will help the international trade department to introduce the goods and offer the technical training. The sales and marketing department will offer the situation of domestic market and help the department to find new customer. Meanwhile, the international trade department can offer the international situation and help the department to adjust their strategy.4.Describe the links the International Trade Department would have with external integrating bodies and why these would exist.There are several external integrating bodies, such as the freight forwarder,import agent, import dealers and others.A freight forwarder, forwarder, or forwarding agent, is a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market, customer or final point of distribution. Freight can be booked on a variety of shipping providers, including ships,airplanes, trucks, and railroads. It is not unusual for a single shipment to move on multiple carrier types. International freight forwarders typically handle international shipments. International freight forwarders have additional expertise in preparing and processing customs and other documentation and performing activities pertaining to international shipments.First, it can help companies choose the best transportation and the best transport routes. International trade sector choose to accept orders,, freight forwarding department will contact the production sector. Second, it can help companies to handle different documents, such as customs procedures and other documents, then give the product to the haulier [6]. It also helps the company to pay the freight and customs duties. From freight forwarding task, it can help reduce the cost of international trade sector and risk. At the same time, it can ensure transportation safety products and products.The import agent is a person or company that by accepting the delegation of exporter and help the exporter to handle the import business, It receive some commissions. In general, the import agents do not assume the credit risk, exchange and market, it has no the ownership . of products, there are four types of import agents, such as brokers, factors, manufacturer;. s representatives and managing agents that can help international trade sector to purchase some materials from other countries in order to reduce costs. Because import agency is specialized in importing stuff, so it can ensure the quality and cost. At the same time, it can help the international trade sector input and analysis of the local market. it can help the international trade department to enter and analyze the local market. In this case, if the company need some material, they can use this agent to solve the problem.5.Reference[1] SQA. International Physical Distribution Unit student Guide, Part three.[2] Continent's only press release wire service, African Press Organization PR Week - May 10, 2013[3] Ortega-Argiles, Raquel; Potters, Lesley; Vivarelli, Marco,2011 R&D and productivity: testing sectoral peculiarities using micro data. Empirical Economics 41 (3)[4] Moroney, J. R. (1967) Cobb-Douglass production functions and returns to scale in US manufacturing industry, Western Economic Journal, vol 6, no 1, December 1967, pp 39–51.[5] Kenya Clearing & Forwarding Agents | Kenya Freight Forwarders - Customs Clearance | Aeromarine Logistics - Freight Clearing Forwarding Kenya". Aeromarine.co.ke. Retrieved 2013-01-17.[6] Blaszak, Michael W. "ABC's of Railroading: Trackage and Haulage Rights," Trains, 1 May 2006, accessed 30 August 2011。
SQA HND国际实务配送outcome2
Unit Title:Assessor Name:Submission Date:International Physical DistributionWord Count: 1999The Explanation of DataSea:Sea transport requires a 40 foot container, and the total cost of carrying 25 pallets is £620, and the price is £25 per container. So cost per pallet= total mode cost/ pallet, thus the cost per pallet= £620/25= £24.8. The transit time is 7 days.Air: Because of the need for aircraft transport, so the total cost of £1265, so the cost of transport is £253, and the price is £1265 per 5 pallets. Cost per pallet=total mode cost /pallet, thus the cost per pallet=£1265/5=£253. The transit time is 4 hours.Rail: Rail mode requires 40 feet of container to carry 25 pallets, so the total cost is £1275, so the price is £51. Cost per pallet=total mode cost/pallet. Thus the cost per pallet=£1275/25=£51. And the transit time is 2 days.Direct road:A flat bed container lorry can carry 20 pallets, so the total cost is 1350, because the transportation time is 3 days, so cost per pallet=total mode cost/pallet, thus the cost per pallet=£1350/20=£67.5.Multi-mode:From Milan Glass Works to Genoa Calata should be the freight is £125, in addition to the sea model of £620 and £295 of the railway model, which also need to add the cost of £145 form Coatbridge Rail-port to Kiribati Bottling, Thus Total mode cost=£125+£620+£295+£145=£1185. Total pallet=25. The total mode cost = £1185/25=£47.4. The time =6 hours+7days+5 hours+7 hours=7 days and 18 hours. the total cost equal to £1185.Explanation:Summary from the above calculation, the total cost is £1350, so the price of each pallet is £108.so we get the final result is £1350/£108=£12. so the best cost effectiveness is £12.4.0 Technical report 4---Least total cost concept Recommendation ChartsRoute ARoute BExplanation:In the Transport, the procedure is the include many parts, to the as the CFSP andPARS, the documentation of the include many things,such as the bill of lading, commercial invoice, insurance, packing list, certificate of origin. Business process including CISG and UCC. These are used for commercial and documents are necessary, such as commercial invoice, pro forma invoice. Customs procedures including input data, declaration, check and pass. In the UK at the same time, the customs will prohibit certain commodities, such as revenue, the health of animals and plants. Documents including the certificate of origin of goods, etc.So choose B Route to save costs.。
国外物流业配送发展的概况论(精)
国外物流业配送发展的概况论（1）美国现代物流配送的发展状况从20世纪60年代起，货物配送的合理化在美国普遍得到重视。
为了在流通领域产生效益，美国企业采取了以下措施：一是将老式的仓库改为配送中心；二是引进电脑管理网络，对装卸、搬运、保管实行标准化操作，提高作业效率；三是连锁店共同组建配送中心，促进连锁店效益的增长。
美国连锁店的配送中心有多种，主要有批发型、零售型和仓储型三种类型。
首先是批发型，该类型配送中心主要靠计算机管理，业务部通过计算机获取会员店的订货信息，及时向生产厂家和储运部发出定货指示单。
其次是零售型，以美国沃尔玛公司的配送中心为典型。
该类型配送中心一般为某零售商独资兴建，专为本公司的连锁店按时提供商品，确保各店稳定经营。
第三是仓储型，美国福来明公司的食品配送中心是典型的仓储式配送中心，它的主要任务是接受独立杂货商联盟的委托业务，为该联盟在该地区的若干家加盟店负责货物配送。
（2）日本现代物流配送的发展状况在日本，零售业是首先建立先进物流系统的行业之一。
便利店作为一种新的零售业迅速成长，现己遍及日本，正影响着日本其他零售商业形式。
这种新的零售业需要利用新的物流技术，以保证店内各种货物的供应顺畅。
因此，日本的物流配送具有以下特点：第一，分销渠道发达。
许多日本批发商过去常常把自己定位为某特定制造商的专门代理商，只允许经营一家制造商的产品。
为了保证有效地供应商品，日本许多物流公司不得不对旧有的分销渠道进行合理化改造，更好地做到与上游或下游公司的分销一体化。
第二，频繁、小批量进货。
日本的物流配送企业的很大一部分服务需求来自便利店，便利店依靠的是小批量的频繁进货，只有利用先进的物流系统才有可能发展连锁便利店，因为它使小批量的频繁进货得以实现。
第三，物流配送体现出共同化、混载化的趋势。
共同化、混载化的货物配送使原来按照不同生产厂、不同商品种类划分开来的分散的商品物流转变为将不同厂家的产品和不同种类的商品混合起来配送的聚合商品物流，从而得以发挥商品物流的批量效益，大大提高了配送车辆的装载率。
brcgs仓储和配送全球标准
brcgs仓储和配送全球标准BRCGS（Brand Reputation Compliance Global Standards）是一家国际性的认证机构，致力于为全球领先的零售商和制造商提供安全、质量和品牌保障服务。
在全球化和供应链延伸的背景下，仓储和配送环节的标准化显得尤为重要。
本文将深入探讨BRCGS仓储和配送全球标准以及其对企业的影响。
一、BRCGS仓储和配送全球标准介绍BRCGS仓储和配送全球标准是为了确保仓储和配送环节的食品安全和质量而制定的。
该标准要求企业建立和执行一系列严格的操作程序，以确保物流过程中食品的安全性、规范性和可追溯性。
该标准包含了一系列评估要求，包括现场检查、文件审核、风险评估等。
通过持续监测和改进，BRCGS标准有助于确保仓储和配送环节的食品安全管理体系得到严格执行和持续提升。
二、BRCGS仓储和配送全球标准的重要性1. 食品安全保障BRCGS仓储和配送全球标准要求企业建立严格的操作程序，包括对员工的培训和管理、设备和设施的检查、货物的接收和储存、订单配送的流程等。
通过严格的标准和控制，可以减少食品受污染的风险，提高消费者对产品的信任度。
2. 供应链可追溯性BRCGS标准要求企业建立完善的记录和文档体系，确保每个环节的操作和决策都可以追溯和核查。
这有助于发现和纠正潜在的问题，以及快速解决食品安全事件。
供应链的可追溯性对于提高整体供应链的透明度和可靠性具有重要意义。
3. 品牌声誉保护BRCGS仓储和配送全球标准是国际公认的标准之一。
通过通过获得BRCGS认证，企业可以提高其品牌形象和声誉，与其他竞争对手区别开来。
这对于进一步提升企业在市场竞争中的地位具有显著的积极影响。
4. 持续改进和创新BRCGS仓储和配送全球标准要求企业建立持续改进的机制。
通过及时监测和评估，企业可以识别潜在的问题和风险，并采取相应的措施加以处理。
这有助于企业不断提升自身的竞争力，并实现创新和变革。
brcgs仓储和配送全球标准
BRCGS（Brand Reputation Compliance Global Standards）是全球领先的品牌、信誉和合规标准，旨在为消费者提供安全、高质量的产品。
BRCGS仓储和配送全球标准是其中的一部分，主要针对仓储和配送环节制定了一系列规范，以确保产品的安全、新鲜和高质量。
以下是对BRCGS 仓储和配送全球标准的详细介绍：1. 仓储标准：a. 仓库布局：仓库应合理规划布局，确保通道畅通，便于货物进出和搬运。
货物应按照分类、品牌、规格等进行分区存放，避免混淆和交叉污染。
b. 环境控制：仓库应保持良好的通风、照明和清洁卫生条件，确保货物不受潮、霉变、虫害等影响。
c. 库存管理：仓库应建立健全的库存管理制度，定期进行库存盘点，确保库存数据的准确性。
同时，对过期、损坏等不良品进行及时处理，避免影响正常库存。
d. 安全管理：仓库应制定并执行安全管理规定，确保仓库内人员和货物的安全。
包括消防设施、安全通道、货物堆放高度等应符合相关法规要求。
2. 配送标准：a. 配送计划：根据客户订单和库存情况，制定合理的配送计划，确保货物准时送达。
b. 货物包装：根据货物的性质和运输方式，选择合适的包装材料和方法，确保货物在运输过程中不受损坏。
c. 运输工具：选择合适的运输工具，确保运输过程中货物安全、新鲜。
运输工具应定期检查、维护和清洁，以保障运输质量。
d. 温度控制：对于生鲜、冷藏等特殊货物，应确保运输过程中的温度符合要求，避免货物变质。
e. 配送员培训：配送员应具备一定的专业知识和技能，熟悉货物的性质、包装要求、运输工具等。
定期对配送员进行培训，提高其服务质量和效率。
3. 质量控制：a. 入库检验：对入库货物进行质量和数量检验，确保货物符合标准和要求。
b. 出库检验：对出库货物进行质量和数量检验，确保货物符合标准和要求。
c. 过程控制：对仓储和配送过程中的关键环节进行监控和控制，确保货物安全、新鲜和高质量。
全球食品配送市场发展趋势分析
全球食品配送市场发展趋势分析近年来，随着全球经济和城市化进程的不断发展，食品配送行业逐渐成为全球市场的重要组成部分。
越来越多的人们选择将食物送到家门口，这催生了全球食品配送市场的蓬勃发展。
本文将重点分析全球食品配送市场的发展趋势，并从三个方面进行论述。
一、技术创新带来便捷化随着科技的不断进步和创新，互联网、物联网以及智能设备的广泛应用，使得食品配送市场愈发便捷化。
全球范围内的食品外送平台和手机应用程序的兴起，使得消费者能够随时随地通过手机或电脑订购各种美食。
同时，物联网技术的应用也使得消费者和配送员之间的交流更加便捷，提高了配送的效率。
二、冷链物流提升品质保障随着人们对食品安全和品质要求的提高，冷链物流在全球食品配送市场中发挥着重要作用。
冷链物流能够及时将食品从生产地配送到消费者手中，保持食品的新鲜度和口感，确保食品的品质安全。
运用先进的冷冻、冷藏和保鲜技术，加强温度和湿度的控制，可以保证食品在配送过程中不受影响，从而提升消费者对食品配送市场的信任度。
三、可持续发展引领未来如今，全球范围内越来越多的人们开始重视环境保护和可持续发展。
在食品配送市场中，电动车辆和无人机等新兴技术开始逐渐应用。
电动车辆具有零排放的特点，有效降低了配送过程中的环境污染。
而无人机则具有快速、高效、准确的特点，可以应对部分特殊情况下的紧急配送需求。
可持续发展将是全球食品配送市场未来的发展方向。
综上所述，全球食品配送市场面临着技术创新、冷链物流和可持续发展等多重趋势。
随着科技的进步，食品配送市场将变得更加便捷化，消费者将更加方便地享受到各种美食。
同时，冷链物流的发展将保证食品的供应质量，提高消费者对食品配送市场的信任度。
最后，可持续发展将引领全球食品配送市场的未来，推动该市场朝着更加绿色、环保的方向发展。
跨境电商背景下物流配送国际标准对接方案
跨境电商背景下物流配送国际标准对接方案第一章：跨境电商物流配送概述 (2)1.1 跨境电商物流配送现状 (2)1.2 跨境电商物流配送挑战 (3)第二章：国际物流配送标准体系分析 (3)2.1 国际物流配送标准概述 (3)2.2 主要国家和地区物流配送标准 (4)第三章：我国物流配送标准现状 (5)3.1 我国物流配送标准概述 (5)3.2 我国物流配送标准与国际标准的差异 (5)第四章：跨境电商物流配送国际标准对接策略 (6)4.1 国际标准对接总体策略 (6)4.2 关键环节标准对接策略 (6)4.2.1 信息交换环节 (6)4.2.2 包装与标识环节 (6)4.2.3 运输环节 (6)4.2.4 仓储环节 (7)4.2.5 清关环节 (7)4.2.6 服务质量环节 (7)第五章：物流配送包装标准对接 (7)5.1 包装材料标准对接 (7)5.2 包装设计标准对接 (7)第六章：物流配送运输标准对接 (8)6.1 运输工具标准对接 (8)6.1.1 国际运输工具标准概述 (8)6.1.2 运输工具标准对接策略 (8)6.1.3 运输工具标准对接具体措施 (9)6.2 运输过程标准对接 (9)6.2.1 国际运输过程标准概述 (9)6.2.2 运输过程标准对接策略 (9)6.2.3 运输过程标准对接具体措施 (9)第七章：物流配送仓储标准对接 (9)7.1 仓储设施标准对接 (9)7.1.1 设施规划与建设标准 (9)7.1.2 设施改造与升级标准 (10)7.2 仓储管理标准对接 (10)7.2.1 管理体系标准 (10)7.2.2 作业流程标准 (10)7.2.3 信息化管理标准 (10)第八章：物流配送信息标准对接 (11)8.1 信息传输标准对接 (11)8.1.1 标准概述 (11)8.1.2 对接策略 (11)8.2 信息安全标准对接 (11)8.2.1 标准概述 (11)8.2.2 对接策略 (11)第九章：物流配送服务质量标准对接 (12)9.1 服务质量评价指标对接 (12)9.1.1 评价指标体系构建 (12)9.1.2 评价指标对接 (12)9.2 服务质量提升措施对接 (12)9.2.1 优化物流配送流程 (12)9.2.2 提升服务态度与客户满意度 (12)9.2.3 提高物流配送安全性 (13)9.2.4 降低物流成本 (13)第十章：跨境电商物流配送国际标准对接实施与监控 (13)10.1 国际标准对接实施步骤 (13)10.1.1 明确国际标准 (13)10.1.2 制定对接方案 (13)10.1.3 实施对接方案 (13)10.2 国际标准对接效果评估与监控 (14)10.2.1 效果评估 (14)10.2.2 监控机制 (14)第一章：跨境电商物流配送概述1.1 跨境电商物流配送现状全球电子商务的迅速发展，跨境电商逐渐成为国际贸易的新趋势。
运输条件样本
运输条件样本1.背景介绍在国际贸易中，运输条件是一项重要的约定，涉及到货物的交付和责任分担等问题。
为了确保双方的权益得到保障，一份明确的运输条件样本非常必要。
本文将提供一份适用于国际货物运输的运输条件样本，以供参考和使用。
2.货物描述根据本次交易的需要，货物的详细描述如下：- 货物名称：____________________- 规格和型号：____________________- 数量：____________________- 包装方式：____________________- 货物价值（如适用）：____________________3.运输方式根据双方商定，本次货物将采用以下运输方式进行交付：- 运输方式：____________________- 起始地点：____________________- 目的地点：____________________- 运输工具及航班/船名：____________________- 运输时间表：____________________4.保险责任为确保货物在运输过程中得到充分的保护，双方商定以下保险责任条款：- 卖方责任：卖方将负责在货物发出之前购买一份符合国际贸易惯例的适当保险，以确保货物在运输中的安全和完整。
- 买方责任：买方将负责在货物到达目的地之前向卖方提供有关保险的详细信息，并及时支付保险费用。
5.运输文件为了确保货物的合法性和顺利过户，双方商定以下运输文件的准备和提交：- 提货单：卖方将提供一份有效的提货单，确认货物已委托给指定的运输公司。
- 运输单据：卖方将向买方提供一份有效的运输单据（如提单或空运单）。
买方在交付货物之前应对其进行仔细检查。
6.货物检验和验收为确保货物质量和数量的合格，双方同意进行以下货物检验和验收程序：- 检验：买方有权派遣检验机构对货物进行检验，以确保其符合合同规定的标准和要求。
检验费用由买方承担。
- 验收：买方应在货物到达后的合理时间内进行验收，并及时通知卖方有关货物的状况和任何发现的问题。
vgmcutoff贸易术语
vgmcutoff贸易术语vgmcutoff贸易术语是指国际贸易中常用的一些缩写和术语，其全称是"Vessel's General Master All Cargoes Terms and Conditions Under Full Liner Terms"。
下面将详细介绍vgmcutoff贸易术语的相关内容。
vgmcutoff是vgm（Verified Gross Mass）和cutoff（截止日期）两个术语的组合。
vgm指的是货物的验证总毛重，也就是货物的实际重量加上包装、托盘和容器的重量。
它是应用于集装箱运输的国际贸易中的一个重要概念，为确保船舶安全运输货物提供了重要的依据。
cutoff截止日期是指某个时间点之后，不再接受任何新的货物装运的时间限制。
在vgmcutoff贸易术语中，还包括了一些其他的重要缩写和术语，例如：1. FAK: Freight All Kinds，即各种货物运费。
这是一种批发运输费用的术语，表示无论货物是多少种类，运费都是统一的。
2. B/L: Bill of Lading，即提单。
它是一种货物运输的法律文件，载明货物的数量、质量和目的地等信息，同时还承诺将货物交付给指定的收货人。
3. ETA: Estimated Time of Arrival，即预计到达时间。
它是指船舶或飞机预计到达目的地的时间。
4. ETD: Estimated Time of Departure，即预计离港时间。
它是指船舶或飞机预计离开起运港口或机场的时间。
5. CY/CY: Container Yard to Container Yard，即从堆场到堆场。
这是一种国际贸易中的运输方式，表示货物由发货方送到堆场，再由收货方提取。
6. FCL: Full Container Load，即整箱货物。
这是一种国际贸易中的运输方式，表示货物充满整个集装箱，由一个托运人负责运输。
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Technical report 1--- International Transport Modes Table – International transport modesThe Explanation of DataSea:the total cost is £620, this is because of the sea transport is 40ft container carrying 25 pallets and the price is £620 per container. Cost per pallet= total mode cost/ pallet, thus the cost per pallet= £620/25= £24.8. The transit time is 7 days in the basic data.Air: the total cost is £1265, this is because of the air will be by airplane cargo hold , at maximum of five pallet and the price is £1265 per 5 pallets. Cost per pallet=total mode cost /pallet, thus the cost per pallet=£1265/5=£253. The transit time is 4 hours.Rail: Cost per pallet=total mode cost/pallet. Thus the cost per pallet=£1275/25=£51. The transit time is 2 days. the total mode cost is £1275, this is due to that the rail transport will be by 40ft container carrying 25 pallets, thus the price is £1275.Direct road: the total mode cost equal to £1350, the price is £1350 per flat bed container lorry and the direct road will be by curtain side rigid lorry carrying 20 pallets. Thus the total mode cost is £1350. Cost per pallet=total mode cost/pallet, thus the cost per pallet=£1350/20=£67.5, the transmit time is 3 days.Multi-mode: first of all, the price is £125 from the Milan Glass Works to Genoa Calata , add the sea mode £620 and the rail cost £295 ,then, add the road form Coatbridge Railport to Kirriemuir Bottling, the cost is £145. Thus Total mode cost=£125+£620+£295+£145=£1185. Total pallet= 25. The total mode cost = £1185/25=£47.4. The time =6 hours+7days+5 hours+7 hours=7 days and 18 hours. the total cost equal to £1185.Technical report 2--- Consignment delivery terms Table- Incoterms and their definitionExplanation:Incoterms 2010 is the eighth set of pre-defined international contract terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce. It include 11 terms, such as the EXW, FCA, FAS,FOB,CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP,DAP,DAT and DDP. These terms improve the efficiency of international trade and simplify the process and stages.The previous version, the rules are divided into four categories, but 11 incoterms 2010 predefined terms based on the delivery method only can be divided into two categories. The rules of a larger group of seven (g7) can be informs The chopped of The method of transmission, and a small group of four applies only to The sales, only involves The transport of water can verify The condition of The goods The loaded on board The ship. They therefore is not 2 for container transportation.Table – Allocations of cost buyer/seller according to Incoterms 2010Explanation:EXW is ex factory (place of delivery). Where the word's biggest obligation to the buyer and the seller's minimum obligations. The buyer will pay the cost of many parts, such as the export declaration, transportation, port of export, etc.FCA is free carrier (designated place of delivery), the seller is responsible for the shipment, the carrier of the buyer, the buyer is responsible for unloading and loading the goods to the carrier. When the goods delivered to the carrier, the risk will transfer the buyer.The CPT is carriage paid to (destination) is responsible for the origin of the shipper cost includes transportation export customs clearance and freight named place (usually a destination port or airport). The shipper is not responsible for delivery to the final destination (usually the buyer's facilities), or to buy insurance.CIP is the freight and insurance paid to (designated destination), the seller is responsible for most, such as the export customs declaration form, loading and unloading charges at the port of import and export. Insurance is the responsibility of the seller. The buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance and tax. The seller pays for most.The delivery DAT is terminal (designated destination), the seller is to cover all shipping costs such as export charges, transportation, unloading from the main carrier at the port of destination and the destination port cost. The buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance and tax. The seller pays for most.Bounce is (specify the destination of delivery), the seller is responsible for arranging transportation and delivery of goods, from traffic tools ready at discharge, at the specified place. The buyer is responsible for the import customs clearance and tax. The seller pays for most.DDP delivery duty paid (designated destination), the seller is responsible for the goods sent to the designated place in China buyers, the goods to the destination and pay all fees including import duties and taxes. Where the word's largest responsibility on the seller and the buyer minimum obligation.\3.0 Technical report 3---Consolidation and groupage arrangements Chart – Consolidation and groupage arrangementsExplanation:from the first report, we can get the total cost of £1350, as a result, we can know each tray £108. As a result, cost effective pallet load level [1] = total price = £1350 /bed/tray £108 = 12.5. Thus the cost effective pallet load level = 12.4.0 Technical report 4---Least total cost conceptRecommendation ChartsRoute AAccording to the graph, we can find that the cost of Route A is £3313 but the Route B only use £3415. The Route A < Route B. Thus the best Route is Route A and the mode is road-rail-sea .Recommendation Chart5.0 Technical report 5---Procedures and documentation Procedures and documentation tableIn the Transport, the procedure is the include many parts, to the as the CFSP and PARS, the documentation of the include many things,, such as the bill of lading, commercial invoice, insurance, packing list, certificate of origin. Business process including CISG and UCC. These are used for commercial and documents are necessary, such as commercial invoice, pro forma invoice. Customs procedures including input data, declaration, check and pass. In the UK at the same time, the customs will prohibit certain commodities, such as revenue, the health of animals and plants. Documents including the certificate of origin of goods, etc.6.0 Reference[1] Grande, Joseph A. (September 2008). Plastic Pallets Gain Ground In anEco-Conscious World. Plastics Technology. Retrieved 29th April 2015.[4] C. J. Campbell, L. Goldberg, A. Rai. (2003). The Impact of the European Union Insurance Directives on Insurance Company Stocks. The Journal of Risk and Insurance.[3] Levi, Maurice D. (2005). International Finance, 4th Edition. New York, NY: Routledge[4] Data on the barriers and motivators to more sustainable transport behaviour is available in the UK Department for Transport study "Climate Change and Transport Choices" published in December 2010. Retrieved 1 may 2015.[5]"pro forma session". Senate Glossary. United States Senate. Retrieved 2015-5-1.。