第五章：形合与意合：加词法
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▪ When (syntactic construction） anyone among the people（semantic completion） breaks the law, he too should be punished, imprisoned or even sentenced to death./
▪ Amplification can be classified as:
▪ 1) Words supplied for syntactic construction(结构性增补）
▪ 2) Words supplied for semantic completion (语义性增补）
▪ 1.人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房， 也有死刑。
▪ 你这个人确有偏见。你（结构性增补）对整个 （语义性）黑人种族抱有偏见（结构性）。那天 晚上，我说你是个白人种族主义者，道理就在这 里。但是当你跟一个具体的（语义性）黑人打交 道时，我倒不（修辞性）觉得你有什么恶意。
▪ 4.My audiences vary from tens to thousands. I expected opposition but got hardly any.
飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。（形容词
后加名词）
▪ 6）. In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.
▪ （汉译英时，往往需 要添加语法结构词和 关联词，使英语符合 语法；）
▪ 减词法：
▪ （英译汉时，往往需 要省略不必要的语法 结构词和关联词，使 汉语表达更简洁；）
▪ （汉译英时，可省略 一些范畴词）
Amplification in Translation
▪ A good translation, generally speaking, is a bit longer than the original primarily because translators must faithfully turn the obvious form of the original language into the target language, and at the same time, must convey what is implied in the original context. A translator must, sometimes, add something to the original in his translation to give explanations, and translation is thus lengthened, form changed, but the meaning of the original remains unchanged, and it is only adapted to capability of readers.
▪ 3) 把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。
▪ After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.
▪ 4）.Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.
Chapter 5: 形合话语与意和话语 互译
By Lorna
理论
▪ 英语：
▪ 汉语：
▪ 注重数量、时态、语 ▪ 注重语言之间的内在
态、性别、连接词等
逻辑联系，只要语义
形式；俗称形合语言； 相关、符合逻辑就可
以成句；俗称意合语
言；
翻译技巧
▪ 加词法：
▪ （英译汉时，要增加 表示时间、复数等概 念的词；）
▪ 3. You got a prejudice all right---against a race that’s black. That’s why I called you white racist that night. But when you deal with a black person, I don’t feel any bad vices.
▪ Whoever breaks the law will be punished, imprisoned or even sentenced to death.
▪ 2. 其实地上本来没有路，走的人多了，也 便成了路。
▪ For actually the earth had no roads to begin with, but when many men pass one way, a road is made.
▪ To ensure success, one must be prepared, and fully prepared at that.
▪ 2) 她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。
▪ She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes.
▪ 我的听众从几十人到几千人不等，我希望 有持异议的人起来跟我辩论（语义性）， 但几乎没有遇到过。
▪ 5. I remember the first time we talked as woman to woman.ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
▪ 我还记得我们之间那第一次女人之间的知 心会意（结构性）的谈话。
结构性增补
▪ 1. 增加代词或名词 ▪ 1) 要有把握，就要有准备，而且要有充分的准备。
▪ 玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持
生活。(不及物动词后加名词）
▪ 5）. A new kind of aircraft---small, cheap, pilotless---is attracting increasing attention.
▪ 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意---这种
▪ Amplification can be classified as:
▪ 1) Words supplied for syntactic construction(结构性增补）
▪ 2) Words supplied for semantic completion (语义性增补）
▪ 1.人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房， 也有死刑。
▪ 你这个人确有偏见。你（结构性增补）对整个 （语义性）黑人种族抱有偏见（结构性）。那天 晚上，我说你是个白人种族主义者，道理就在这 里。但是当你跟一个具体的（语义性）黑人打交 道时，我倒不（修辞性）觉得你有什么恶意。
▪ 4.My audiences vary from tens to thousands. I expected opposition but got hardly any.
飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。（形容词
后加名词）
▪ 6）. In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.
▪ （汉译英时，往往需 要添加语法结构词和 关联词，使英语符合 语法；）
▪ 减词法：
▪ （英译汉时，往往需 要省略不必要的语法 结构词和关联词，使 汉语表达更简洁；）
▪ （汉译英时，可省略 一些范畴词）
Amplification in Translation
▪ A good translation, generally speaking, is a bit longer than the original primarily because translators must faithfully turn the obvious form of the original language into the target language, and at the same time, must convey what is implied in the original context. A translator must, sometimes, add something to the original in his translation to give explanations, and translation is thus lengthened, form changed, but the meaning of the original remains unchanged, and it is only adapted to capability of readers.
▪ 3) 把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。
▪ After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.
▪ 4）.Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.
Chapter 5: 形合话语与意和话语 互译
By Lorna
理论
▪ 英语：
▪ 汉语：
▪ 注重数量、时态、语 ▪ 注重语言之间的内在
态、性别、连接词等
逻辑联系，只要语义
形式；俗称形合语言； 相关、符合逻辑就可
以成句；俗称意合语
言；
翻译技巧
▪ 加词法：
▪ （英译汉时，要增加 表示时间、复数等概 念的词；）
▪ 3. You got a prejudice all right---against a race that’s black. That’s why I called you white racist that night. But when you deal with a black person, I don’t feel any bad vices.
▪ Whoever breaks the law will be punished, imprisoned or even sentenced to death.
▪ 2. 其实地上本来没有路，走的人多了，也 便成了路。
▪ For actually the earth had no roads to begin with, but when many men pass one way, a road is made.
▪ To ensure success, one must be prepared, and fully prepared at that.
▪ 2) 她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。
▪ She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes.
▪ 我的听众从几十人到几千人不等，我希望 有持异议的人起来跟我辩论（语义性）， 但几乎没有遇到过。
▪ 5. I remember the first time we talked as woman to woman.ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
▪ 我还记得我们之间那第一次女人之间的知 心会意（结构性）的谈话。
结构性增补
▪ 1. 增加代词或名词 ▪ 1) 要有把握，就要有准备，而且要有充分的准备。
▪ 玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持
生活。(不及物动词后加名词）
▪ 5）. A new kind of aircraft---small, cheap, pilotless---is attracting increasing attention.
▪ 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意---这种