宾语从句和被动语态

（一）宾语从句

宾语从句要注意以下几个方面：

1．任何一个宾语从句都必须用陈述句语序：这一点是最重要的。（陈述句语序是指谓语动词必须在主语的后面）

2．任何一个宾语从句都必须有引导词，而且引导词的位置就在及物动词和宾语从句的中坚。（只有当that引导宾语从句的时候，由于that本身无意义，故可以省略）3．宾语从句的时态通常和主句中的时态保持一致。（即主句是现在时，宾语从句通常用现在时范畴的各种时态；而当主句是过去时，宾语从句则要用过去时范畴的各种

时态）

Model 1There are team sports and individual sports. (We know)

We know that there are team sports and individual sports.

(1)It is important to keep healthy. (People believe)

(2)The basketball match is going to take place next Tuesday. (They have told me)

(3)It is hard to run a marathon. (They understand)

(4)We should relax for some time. (He says)

(5)Most students took an active part in the English Evening. (The monitor knows)

Model 2A: I enjoy individual sports.

B: What did he say? I couldn’t hear him.

C: He said he enjoyed individual sports.

(1)A: I prefer to be a spectator.

B: What did he say?

C: He said _______________.

(2)A: I like fruit.

B: What did he say?

C: He said ______________.

(3)A: I know how to use a computer.

B: What did he say?

C: He said ______________.

(4)A: I do ten maths problems every day.

B: What did he say?

C: He said ______________.

(5)A: I relax for some time during my work.

B: What did he say?

C: He said _____________.

Model 3It won’t rain. (He said)

He said (that) it wouldn’t rain.

(1)It won’t matter much. (He said)

(2)The astronaut will fly into space soon. (She told me)

(3)Smoking will be harmful to your health. (The doctor said)

(4)The computer will cost you a lot of money. (Jane said)

(5)She won’t shake hands with you. (The girl said)

Model 4Has he arrived?

No one knows whether (if) he has arrived.

(1)Will he go on the trip with us?

I don’t know ________________________________.

(2)Are the twins taking a test?

Do you know _______________________________?

(3)Has he posted the letter?

I’m now sure _______________________________.

(4)Is Wendy in charge of recreation and sports?

Can you tell me _____________________________?

Model 5Did the newspaper report the news?

He asked whether (if) the newspaper had reported the news.

(5)Do the students often get part-time jobs?

She asked ___________________________________.

(6)Have you decided on the date for the test?

The students asked _____________________________.

(7)Did Mrs. Winter give you a C instead of a B?

Bill asked ____________________________________.

(8)Can Jim jump as high as Bob?

He asked _____________________________________

Model 6Why did he give them such a lecture? (He told them)

He told them why he had given them such a lecture.

(1)Where did Tom spend his last holiday? (She asked her friends)

(2)When is she going to buy bicycles for them? (The children asked their mother)

(3)How did Angela discover the uncorrected mistakes? (Martin asked)

(4)Why didn’t Paul come to school for such a long time? (Peter told his classmates)

(5)Did you have a lovely time at Christmas? (Jane asked Mary)