Unit1 主谓一致

高一英语导学案--必修四

Unit1:Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement

主谓一致

1. 理解主谓一致

2. 掌握主谓一致的用法

填入be 的正确形式

The boy _____ diving. They _____ diving.

Both Jack and Tim _____ diving. Neither Jack nor Tim _____ walking. 主谓一致:是指句子的谓语动词与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即如果句子的主

语是单数,谓语动词用单数,如果主语是复数,则谓语动词用复数.

三原则： 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则 语法一致原则：

1.主语是可数名词的单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式.

The girl ___ very beautiful . 这个女孩子很漂亮 The chicken ___very delicious.鸡肉很美味

2.（1）不定代词one, each, every, either, neither, something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.

Each of us_______(have) something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说.

Everyone ______ (be) here. Let's begin our lesson! 大家都到齐了.让我们开始上课吧!

2.(2)不定代词none 作主语时,如果修饰的是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数;如果它所修

饰的是可数名词,则谓语单,复数均可用. None of the water _____ (be) clean here.

None of us __________(be) perfect. 人无完人.

3.由and 连接两个主语时,如果把这两个主语作为个体来考虑时,谓语动词用复数;如果把这两个主语看作一个整体时,谓语动词就用单数. Ann and Jack ________(be) friends.

Fish and chips _______(be) my favourite food

但如果and 连接的两个并列主语指的是同一个人或一件事，谓语动词用单数。 1 .The singer and the dancer __________ (come) from Longtou. 2.The singer and dancer _______ (come) from Longtou.

4.主语后面有with, together with , along with , as well as ,except , but, besides, like, such as 等表示连带成分时，谓语动词的单复数由这些词前面的主语来决定，即主语是单数，谓语用单数；主语是复数，谓语用复数。

Look! A women with 12 children _______(be) waiting for a bus. 5.一些成双成对的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数, 如trousers, pants, shoes, gloves, glasses, scissors 等。但如果在这些词前加上 a pair of 时，则谓语动词用单数 ( )This pair of shoes_________not mine. My shoes______in the box. A: is are B:are is C:is is D:are,are

6.动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但如果几个并列的动名词或不定式作主语，则谓语动词用复数。

1.Doing morning exercises ____ (be) good for your eyes 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。

2. To help poor people ____ (be) our duty. 帮助有困难的人是我们的责任。

3. Listening, reading and speaking _____________ (be) important in studying English 7.一个不定式、动名词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数 Saving the people ____ (be) my great happiness. When we will go to Beijing ___ (be) not decided.

To hold the Olympic Games____ a rich prize for a country. (be) What we need ____ more time. What we need ____ teachers. Let's write:

1. Time _______(be) money.

2. No one ________ (know) the truth.

3. The writer and the teacher ______(be) coming.

4. The writer and teacher_______ (be) coming.

5. Something ______(be ) wrong with your watch.

6. The teacher with his students _________(have) a meeting.

意义一致原则：

1.集体名词如class(班/ 同学们），family（家庭/ 家庭成员），audience（观众）,group（小组）,team（队）,club（俱乐部）等作主语时，谓语动词取决于集体名词在句中所表示的意义。当它们表示一个整体的概念时，通常被看作单数；而当它们表示组成整体的个体成员时，它们就是复数意义。

1.Our class______(be) not big. 我们班不算大.

2.The class__________(wait) for a new teacher now. 现在同学们都在等候新老师的到来2.一些单复数相同的单词如：Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, deer等,谓语动词的单复数要根据它在句子中所表达的意义而定。

A little deer______ (be) running on the hill.

Some deer_______ (be) eating grass.

但the Chinese, the Japanese, the English, the British, the French 等名词表国民总称时，作复数用。（其中English，British，French等不能指单个的人）

3. people, police这两个词看似单数形式，但表达的是复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

1.The people in the city ______ (be) very friendly. 这个城市的人很友好。

2.The police ___________(look) for the lost boy now. 警察正在找丢失的男孩.

4.一些名词如maths, physics, politics（政治）,news ,the United States等，其形式上虽以-s结尾，但表示的确是一门学科或一种事物，谓语动词只能用单数。

The United States ______(be) a developed country. 美国是个发达国家.

5.当表示度量，距离，金额，时间等数量词作主语时，常把这个数量词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

1.100 dollars ____ (be) not a small number

2.Twenty years ________(be) not a long time.

3.forty miles________(be) a long way.

在一些算术题目中，一般把算术题目的主语看成是单数，谓语动词

用单数，但在加和乘时，谓语动词也可用复数。

1.six minus four _________ (be) two.

2.Two and two____________(be) four.

6.分数作主语时，不是看分数本身，而是看这个分数所修饰的名词。如果其修饰的是不可数名词或可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数，如果是复数名词。则谓语动词用复数。

1.In our class two thirds of the students _______(be) girls.

2.Three quarters of the information on the internet ______(be) written in English.

7.由“the+形容词”构成的词，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等用来表示具有某种特性的一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The rich _______ (have) a lot of money.

8.代词all，most，what, who ,which, more , 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数也要根据它所表达的意义来决定。

Most of the apples_______(be) rotten. 大部分的苹果是烂的.

Most of the apple ____(be) eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了.

9.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由它修饰的先行词来决定。先行

词是单数时，谓语动词用单数，反之用复数。

She is one of the few girls who _____ well paid(获得好收入) in the factory now.

A: is B: are C: was D: were

对：Tom is one of the students who____good at playing football.

Tom is the only one of the students who____ good at playing football.

就近一致原则:

1.在…or, either…or…, neither…nor…，not only…but also…, not …but…句型中，其谓语动词和邻近的那个主语保持一致.

1.Either Ann or Jane _______ (come) from USA.

2.Neither he nor I ______ (have) finish the work.

3.Not only his family but also he _____(like) Zhang Yimou’s movies.

2.在there be 和here be 结构中，如果主语不只一个。谓语动词通常和靠近be的名词来决定谓语的单复数形式。

1.There _____ (be) five pens and a book on the desk

2.There _____ (be) a book and five pens on the desk.