第二课 Marrakech
高级英语Lesson 2 (BooK 2) Marrakech 课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fiWordStr, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
高英第二课Marrakech分析
But in 1912, a Franco-Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. Morocco gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. most of the people of Morocco are Muslims,Islamis the state religion and Arabic is the official language, but French and Spanish are also spoken.
Ⅲ.
Detailed Studn of the text ▲main idea of each part ▲ questions to discuss ▲ Key words, phrases and difficult sentences
Unit 2 Marrakech
By George Orwell
Objectives of Lesson Two
To familiarize students with the background knowledge of George Orwell, Morocco, French colonies, Marrakech; Jews To learn expository writing; To analyze the theme and the writer’s opinion of colonialism.
Marrakech 中英对照翻译
---------------------------------------------------------------------第二课：Marrakech马拉喀什见闻1 As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later.一具尸体抬过，成群的苍蝇从饭馆的餐桌上嗡嗡而起追逐过去，但几分钟过后又飞了回来。
2 The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends getto the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried.一支人数不多的送葬队伍——其中老少尽皆男性，没有一个女的——沿着集贸市场，从一堆堆石榴摊子以及出租汽车和骆驼中间挤道而行，一边走着一边悲痛地重复着一支短促的哀歌。
Lesson 2 Marrakech教学内容
L e s s o n2 M a r r a k e c h第二课马拉喀什随笔乔治·奥威尔1. 一具尸体抬过，成群的苍蝇从饭馆的餐桌上一哄而起，追逐而上，几分钟后又嗡嗡地飞了回来。
2. 一支人数不多的送葬队伍——无论成人或孩子全是男性，没有女性——沿着集贸市场，迂回穿行于一堆堆石榴摊子、出租车和骆驼之间，一边走着一边反复地哀号着一曲短促的悲歌。
真正吸引苍蝇成群追逐的是：这里的尸体从来都不装进棺木，只是用一块破布裹着，放在一个粗糙的木制陈尸架上，由死者的四位朋友抬着送葬。
抵达安葬地后，先在地上挖出一个一两英尺深的长方形坑，随即将尸体往坑里一倒，再扔上一些像碎砖头一样的干土块。
既没有墓碑，也没有留名，更没有任何身份标识。
安葬地不过是一片巨大的土丘林立的荒原，恰似一块废弃的建筑工地。
一两个月之后，谁也说不准自己的亲人究竟葬在何处。
3. 1）当你穿行在这样的城镇——其20万居民中至少有两万是除了一身勉强蔽体的破衣烂衫之外完全一无所有——当你看到那些人的生活是如此艰难，而其死亡又是多么容易时，你很难相信自己身处在人类之中。
事实上，这是所有殖民帝国赖以建立的基础。
这里的人都有一张褐色的脸——而且，他们人数众多！他们果真和你一样同属人类吗？他们也有名有姓吗？或许他们只是像一群群彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西。
他们生于土地，受苦受累，忍饥挨饿地过上几年，然后就被埋到无名的小坟丘下。
没有人会注意到他们的离去，甚至那些小坟丘本身也会很快地夷为平地。
有时，当你外出散步，穿过仙人掌丛时，你会感觉到脚下特别的凸凹不平，只有那起伏凹凸的固定形状使你意识到脚下踩的正是死人的骷髅。
4. 我正在公园里给一只瞪羚喂食。
5. 瞪羚几乎是唯一一种在存活时看上去能让人食欲大开的动物。
实际上，人们光看到它的两条后腿就会联想到薄荷酱。
我正在喂着的这只瞪羚似乎已看出了我的心思，尽管它在吃我手上递出去的面包，但显然对我并没什么好感。
高级英语 第二课_Marrakech_完备课件
His Life
– He is mush praised in the west partly because of his anti-communist point of view.
– He was born in India, father, a so called empirebuilder --serving the British government abroad.
e. People: most Muslims; Most (70%) Moroccans are farmers, using camels, donkeys and mules to pull plows, trying to try to grow their own food. In the South a few tribesmen still wander from place to place in the desert.
---Renowned for leather goods --- the old city is like a labyrinth (迷宫 ) full of
crooked, deadened streets.
Marrakech
Marrakech is not only a fantastic city, it is also a symbol of the Morocco that once was, and which still survives here. The streets of the old and pink city have been too narrow to allow the introduction of cars, and tourists searching for the "real" Morocco have turned the medieval structures of Marrakech into good business.
Unit 2 Marrakech
After the Second World War, independent movement spread globally. The colonized countries were independent, which ended the French Empire.
2007/7
14
IN 1960, 17 African countries are independent ,13 of which were the French colonies ,
2007/7
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During World War Two:
During the second World War rejected for military service on account of tuberculosis and a wound, Orwell served as a sergeant(军士） in the Home Guard and also worked as a journalist for the BBC, Observer and Tribune(论坛), where he was literary editor from 1943 to 1945. It was toward the end of the war that he wrote “Animal Farm”, and when it was over he moved to Scotland.
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Many former French colonies adopted the simple vertical stripes of the French tricolor when they designed their own flags. In 1959 Chad chose blue for the sky, yellow for the sun, and red for progress and unity.
高级英语第二册Lesson2Marrakech
Orwell's works have had a prospective impact on contemporary literature and political thought, making him one of the most influential writers of the 20th century
Techniques for using tension and voice
Mastering different tensions
Understand the use of present, past, and future tensions to express actions or states of being at different times
Advanced English Volume 2 Lesson 2 Marrakech
目 录
• Background of the text and introduction of the author
• Detailed explanation of vocabulary and phrases
Haggle
To negotiate the price of goods in a marketplace, a common practice in Marrakech
Mosque
A place of war for Muslims, an important part of Marrakech's territory
Tourism
Marrakech is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from all over the world with its unique chart and hospitality
高级英语第二册第三版第二课Marrakech修辞汇总
⾼级英语第⼆册第三版第⼆课Marrakech修辞汇总1.Simile（明喻）1).. and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.2)Huge areas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick.3) Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...2．Hyperbole（夸张）1)A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2) ..so black that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins.3.Transferred Epithet（移就）Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was 4 frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette.4.Synecdoche（提喻）1)Still, A- white skin is always fairly conspicuous.2)This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.5.Understatement（低调陈述）I am not commenting, merely pointing a fact.6.Onomatopoeia（拟声）winding up the road with a clumping of boots ad a clatter of iron wheels.7.Rhetorical Question（修辞疑问句）1)Are they really the same flesh as your self ?Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff about as individual as bees or coral insects?2)How much longer can we go on kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?。
高级英语第二册第二课“马拉克什”
Watch and Discuss
Background Information
George Orwell
Colonialism
Morocco
Marrakech
George Orwell
George Orwell (1903—1950)
pseudonym of Eric Blair a man of the uncommitted and independent left Masterpiece including Animal Farm 1984
Back
Morocco
Morocco
Morocco
Location: North Africa Capital : Rabat (435,000 people) 拉巴特 Area : 171,583 square miles State religion: Islam; Most of the people of Morocco are Muslims Languages: Arabic (official language), French and Spanish also spoken Money: Dirham 迪拉姆, DH
Colonism
Non-settlement colonies: a new kind of colony. The Europeans sent just enough soldiers, officials and businessmen to rule the people who already lived there. These non-settlement colonies were important as markets and as sources of raw materials for factories in the ruling countries.
高级英语--第二课-Marrakech-完备课件
His Life
– He is mush praised in the west partly because of his anti-communist point of view.
– He was born in India, father, a so called empirebuilder --serving the British government abroad.
A short novel that criticizes the Soviet Union, one of England's allies in World War II . It is an entertaining story about animals or, on a deeper level, a savage attack on the misuse of political power.
1. His works show sharp powers of observation and deep sympathy for suffering people.
2. His works give a deep sense of conviction and urgency.
3. The use of English is clear, simple and direct, with no formality of embellishment(润色). (addition/decoration) He said his ideal was to write prose like a window pane---as clear as glass
His Life
– He received good education in Britain and studied in the most famous school “Eden”.
Lesson-2--Marrakech马拉喀什PPT优秀课件
Marrakech
• Marrakech/Marrakesh (马拉喀什 ) • Location: At the center of west Morocco, at the Northern foot
of the high Atlas. 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport.
• 1) the corpse went past: more vivid than it was carried past • 2) flies in a cloud: the terrible sanitory condition/unsanitory
About the Author-Geroge Orwell
• 1922-1927, serving in Burma as a
British colonial police--understanding the nature of the imperialism and colonialism
• traveled widely (including
About the Author-Geroge Orwell
• Orwell was a keen critic of imperialism ,
fascism ,Stalinism, and capitalism.
• His works are concerned with the sociopolitical
Detailed Learning--Para. 1
• As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table
in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later.
高级英语第二册第二课Marrakech
• still more
• more,much more,in addition,而且，况 且，更加 • I said nothing, which made him still more angry. • 我什么也没说，这使他更加生气。
• All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact.
• Sometimes, out for a walk as you break your way through the prickly pear, you notice that it is rather bumpy underfoot, and only a certain regularity in the bumps tells you that you are walking over skeletons.”
• break your way: force your way or pick your way
• prickly pear : 仙
人掌果；仙人掌；仙 人球
• bumpy (adj.) : full of bumps；rough； jolting
• 崎岖不平的；颠簸的；震摇的 Nhomakorabea•
When out for a walk picking your way through the prickly pear, you find that the ground is bumpy. You realize that you are walking over skeletons. You know they are graves only because the bumps appear in an even pattern.
高级英语教案第二册第二课Marrakech–GeorgeOrwell
课程教案Background Knowledge *Morocco*Marrakech*French Colonies*Jews*George Orwell Unit 2 Marrakech By George OrwellThe Histor y of M a r r a kech*Ma rra kech, called also the red town, because of the red wall surround the old town, the medina.A Br ief Introduction to C olonia lismDefinition1. a. emigrants or their descendants in a distant territory but remain subject to or closely associatedwith the parent country.b. A territory thus settled.2. A region politically controlled by a distant country; a dependency.3. A group of people who have been institutionalized in a relatively remote areaA Br ief Introduction to the AuthorGeorge Orwell*Orwell’s works are concerned with the sociopolitical conditions of his times, through m erciless exposition of the poverty, misery and degradation 落魄of the native people in the colonies, he denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism and manage to show his outrage at it.*Orwell is famous for his terse lucid 简洁易懂的prose style and good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words to describe objectively the scenes before his eyes.*George Orwell is the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair(1903-50), British novelist and essayist, born at Motihari 摩坦赫利, Bengal(孟买), India. His father, Richard Walmesley Blair, was a minor customs official in the opium department of the Indian Civil Service.*W hen Orwell was 4 years old, his family returned to England where he remained until 1922. When Orwell was 8 years old, he was sent to a private preparatory school in Sussex. After attending Wellington and Eton, he failed to win a university scholarship then he served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma.In the 1930s*His experience in Burma is described in his first novel ‚B u rmese Days‛(1934)缅甸风云.*On his return to Europe in 1927 he lived in a poor financial condition , first in Paris and then in London, a period which is the basis of his book ‚D o w n and Out in Paris and London‛(1933)巴黎和伦敦的落魄生活. And in this book he assumed the name ‚George Orwell‛by which he would become world famous*During the1930s Orwell had adopted the views of a socialist and traveled to Spain to report on their civil war.*He took the side of the Republican (United Workers Marxist Party militia 统一公党市民军) and fought alongside them, which earned him a wound in the neck. It was this war that made him hate communism in favor of the English brand of socialism.*Orwell wrote a book on Spain, ‚Homag e to Catalonia‛(向加泰罗尼亚致敬), which was published in 1938.During World Wa r Two:*During the second World War rejected for military service on account of tuberculosis and a wound, Orwell served as a sergeant(军士）in the Home Guard and also worked as a journalist for the BBC, Observer and Tribune(论坛), where he was literary editor from 1943 to 1945.*It was toward the end of the war that he wrote ‚A n imal Farm‛, and when it was over he moved to Scotland.*It was ‚A nimal Farm‛(动物庄园) a satirical fantasy attacking communism as practiced in Soviet Union that finally made Orwell prosperous.*His other world -wide success ‚Nineteen Eighty-Four‛(1984)is an elaborate satire on modern politics, a prophetic novel describing the dehumanization of man in a mechanistic, totalitarian 极权主义的world.Orwell wrote many literary essays as well, his volumes of essays include :Dickens(1946)狄更斯*Dali and Others(1946)达里*Shooting an Elephant(1950)射象*Collected Essays(1968)随笔*Journalism(1968) 新闻文章*Letters of George Orwell(1968)书信集Marriage and Death*Eileen O'Shaugnessy, Orwell's wife died in 1945 and in 1949 he remarried to a woman named Sonia Browell. Orwell's second marriage was short-lived, as he died from tuberculosis in London on January 21st, 1950. And he was just 46 years old.Detailed Analysis of the Text1)W hat kind of writing is the text?*Expository writing2)W hich sentence expresses the theme of the text? (or : W hich is the thesis statement? )*All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact (para.3)3)What is the theme of the text?*The author denounces the evils of colonialism. He mercilessly exposes poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies. These people are not considered nor are they treated as human beings.4)How many scenes has the writer described to expose the evils of colonialism? What are they?Six Scenes to expose the evils of colonialismScene 1: The burial of the poor inhabitants (para 1-3)The idea: Life is cheap. People are so poor that they can not afford proper burials.Scene 2: The begging of bread of an employee (para 4-7)The idea: Life is poor. People can’t afford proper food.Scene 3: Living condition of the Jews (para 8-15)The idea: Jews live in great proverty and under prejudice.Scene 4: Cultivation of soil (para 16-18)The idea: Hard way of making a living.Scene 5: Life of women (para 19-21)The idea: Miserable of old women, no better than a donkeyScene 6: the soldiers (para 22-26)The idea: The negro’s attitude towards the whites*W hy did the writer choose these scenes?*W hat do you think they represent?*Do you think these scenes are effective to achieve the writer’s purpose?*W hat else would you add?*W hat is the tone of the writer throughout the text?Scene 1: The burial of the poor inhabitants (para 1-3)Life is cheap. People are so poor that they can not afford proper burials.Wor ds and Expr essionswail: to cry out in mourning or lamentation 悲伤地哭号The wind wa iled through the treeschant: a simple liturgical song in which a string of syllables or words is sung to each tonebier: a platform or portable framework on which a coffin or corpse is placedhack: to break up (land) with a hoe, mattock, etc.oblong: adj. longer than broad; elongatedhummocky: adj. full of or looking like low, rounded hills 布满小丘的derelict: adj. deserted by the owner; abandoned; forsakenprickly pear: any of a genus of cactus plans having cylindrical or large, flat, oval stem joints and edible fruits 仙人掌(属)Pa r a gr a phing & Inter pr e ting…the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back in a few minutes later.The cloud of flies flying to the corpse and then coming back to the restaura nt shows the unsa nita ry conditions of the city…the taxis and the camels…modern mea ns of tra nsporta tion a longside the old a nd ba ckwa rd mea ns of tra nsporta tion When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot and two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like the broken brick.The list of action verbs a re a ll single-sylla b ic, showing the quick speed a nd simple buryingprocedureAre they really…? Do they …? Or are they … individual as bees or coral insects?A list of rhetorica l questions a d ded force to author ’s denuncia t ionThey rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few yea rs, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.a llitera tion, showing the monotonous life. They a re born. Then for a few yea rs they work, toil a ndsta rve. Fina lly they die a nd a re buried in gra ves without a name.Scene 2: The begging of bread of an employee (para 4-7)Life is poor. People can’t afford proper food.Wor ds and Expr essionsgazelle: n. any of various small, swift, graceful antelopes of Africa, the New East , and Asia, with spirally twisted, backward pointing horns and large, lustrous eyes. 瞪羚hindquarter: n. either of two hind edges legs and loins of a carcass of veal, beef, lamb, etc. (pl.) the hind legs of a four-legged animalnibble: to eat (food) with quick bites, taking only a small amount at at time, as a mouse does.The fish were nibbling a t the ba itbutt: to strike or push with the head or horns; ran with the headnavvy: (BrE) an unskilled laborer, an on canals, roadssidle: to move sideways, esp. in a shy, fearful or stealthily mannerstow: to pack or store away, esp. to pack in an orderly, compact mannermunicipality: a city, town, etc. having its own incorporated government 自治市Pa r a gr a phing & Inter pr e tingAn Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy hoe and sidled slowly towards us.Although the la borer wa s hungry, he wa s not used to begging. Therefore he moved slowly a nd shyly.I could eat some of that bread.This is a n indirect request a nd expresses a desire to ea t some the . The word ‚could‛suggestspoliteness a nd uncerta inty.I took off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret place under his rags.The word ‚stow‛a nd ‚secret‛show tha t the na vvy looks a t the piece of brea d a s something precious. He is a fra id of loosing it.This man is an employee of the municipality.This simple sta tement is very important. It serves to convey a deeper mea ning. ‚Even a n employed la borer goes sta rving, so you ca n ima gine the plight of the poorer people.Scene 3: Living condition of the Jews ( para 8-15)Jews live in great property and under prejudice.Wor ds and Expr essionsghetto: n. (in certain European cities) a section to which Jews were formerly restricted;cluster: to gather or grow in a cluster or clustersskull-cap: n. a light, closefitting, brimless cap, usually worn indoors.infest: to overrun or inhabit in large numbers, usu. so as to be harmful or bothersome; swarm in or over. Fly-infestedwarp: to become bent or twisted out of shape frenzied:adj. full of uncontrolled excitementclamour: v. n. (to) make a loud confused noise or shout; cry outself-contained: adj. having within oneself or itself all that is necessary; self-sufficient, as a community *Impossible--hard to deal with, sth. That cannot happene.g. It wa s not a n impossible scheme.His ba d temper ma kes life impossible for a ll the fa mily.He is a n impossible person to work with.Infla tion is a n impossible problem.*Grope –to feel or search about blindlye.g. In the da rkness, I groped for the door ha ndle.Throughout the ages men ha ve groped a fter the meaning of the Universe a nd their own role in it.The lecturer pa used, groping for the most effective word to express his mea ning.They had to grope their wa y through a mist tha t wa s rapidly turning into a thick fog.Pa r a gr a phing & Inter pr e ting(para9) …the houses are completely windowless.Windowless beca use the houses sit so close to ea ch other tha t it is inconvenient to ha ve windows. Sore-eyed children cluster …, like clouds of flies.A simile, compa ring clusters of children to clouds of flies. The repea ted use of flies shows the unsa nita ry conditions a nd the preva lence of diseases in colonia l countries(para 11) Fruitsellers, potters, silversmiths, blacksmiths, butchers, leather-workers, tailors, w ater-carriers, beggars, porters –There is a list of jobs here including tha t of begger.whichever way you look… a good job Hitler wasn’t here.It wa s lucky for the J ews tha t Hilter ha d not come to this pla ce. If he ha d, the J ews would ha ve been extermina ted a s they were in Pola nd a nd other Europea ns countries.(para 15) In just the same way, a couple of hundred years ago, poor old women used to be burned for witchcraft when they could not even work enough magic to get themselves a square meal.a squa re mea l: a decent substa ntia l mea lAna logy is used here. It means tha t these people’s a ccusation of the J ews wa s a s a bsurd a nd irra tiona l a s the a ccusa tion of the witchcra ft.Scene 4: Cultivation of soil (para 16-18)Hard way of making a living.W or ds and Expr essionsconspicuous: adj. attracting attention by being unexpected, unusual, outstandingChances are that : (oral) it is possibleCha nces a re tha t he ha s hea rd the news.ones’ey es take in: see, look atI wa s too busy ta king in the bea utiful furniture to notice who wa s in the room.Her eyes were ta king in nothing but the expensive ha ts.It wa s amusing to see his surprise a s he took in the new ca r.Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects. Its international character and the tradition of not revealing enlistees’backgrounds have helped to surround the Foreign Legion with an aura of mystery and romancewring: v. to get or extract by force, threats, persistence, etc; extortwring money from sb. 勒索某人back-breaking: requiring great physical exertion; very tiring; nerve-rackingdesolate: adj. uninhabited; deserted, forlornPa r a gr a phing & Inter pr e ting*The author is extremely bitter and ironical. Instead of openly blaming the white colonialists who do n’t pay the least attention to the people who suffer from poverty and hunger, he pretends that they have a sound reason to ignore such people just because they have the color of the earth.(para 16) a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.synecdoche: a white-skinned European is a lways fa irly conspicuous.It is only because of this…tourist resorts.‚This‛here sta nds for the fa ct tha t people a lwa ys miss the pea sa nts la boring in the fields beca use they ha ve the color of the earth a nd a re a lot less interesting to look a t.(para 17) What does Morocco mean to a Frenchman? ... Or to an Englishman?Question a nd answer both elliptica l. This pa ra gra p h mea ns tha t this colonia l country a rousespeople’s interest for va r ious rea s ons except true concern for the people living in poverty(para 18) This is as much as the strength of the animals is equal to.The anima ls yoked to the plough had just enough strength to plough the soil to a depth of a bout four inches.A pa ssage from Invisible Ma n--R a lph EllisonI AM An invisible man. No, I am not a spook like those who haunted EdgarAllan Poe; nor am I one of your Hollywood-movie ectoplasms. I am a man ofsubstance, of flesh and bone, fiber and liquids—and I might even be said topossess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to seeme. Like the bodiless heads you see sometimes in circus sideshows, it is as thoughI have been surrounded by mirrors of hard, distorting glass. When they approachme they see only my surroundings, themselves, or fragments of their imagination---indeed, everything and anything except me. (Prologue )Sentences to show the ha r d w or k*(para 17) …the reality of life is an endless back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.*(para 18) Most Morocco is so desolate that no wild animal bigger than a hare can live on it. Hugeareas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. Nevertheless a good deal of it is cultivated, with frightful labor.(para 18)…Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields, tearing up the prickly weeds with their hands.Scene 5: Life of women (para 19-21)Miserable of old women, no better than a donkeyWor ds and Expr essionsfile: a line of persons or things situated one behind another 纵队mummify: v. to dry up (become a mummy)register: v. record 记录, 登记to register the birth of a ba by’/to register the na mes of a bsent studentsThe court stenogra pher registered the tria l proceedings.damnably: adv. In a damnably mannerto be damna bly trea ted 遭到虐待packsaddle: a saddle designed to support the load carried by a pack animal 驮鞍bridle: n. a head harness for guiding a horse; it consists of stall, bit and reinshalter: n. a rope, cord, strap, etc. usually with a a headstall, for try ing or leading an animal, with or without a lead rope （缰绳）（马）笼头gut: （usu. Pl.) the bowels; entrails 内脏have the guts to do sth. 有胆量做某事plight：n. condition or state of affairs; esp. now, an awkward, sad, or dangerous situationtip: v.t to pour sth. from one place or container into anotherShe wiped out the flour a nd tipped it into a bowlThe comparison of fate between the donkey and the women*Donkey Women*no bigger than a St. Bernard dog tiny, mummified*Overloaded, working for weeks vast of load of wood* A willing creature accepted status as a beast ofburden*W hen dead, tipped into a buried simply, dumped into aditch, thrown to dogs hole, no name, no graveyard*People feel enraged at nobody feels sympathetic forthem, unnoticedBy describing the fate of donkey the author’s purpose is to arouse the sympathy and anger of the readers for ‚peo ple‛, People are also cruelly treated but they are not noticed, simply invisible P aragraphing & Interpreting(para 19)All of them are mummified with age and the sun, and all of them are tiny.Yea rs of ha rd work a nd heat of the sun ha ve dried up the old women. They look like mummiesShe accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it fro gra nted tha t a s a n old woma n she wa s the lowest in the community, sha t she wa s only fit for doing hea vy work like a n a nima l.(para 20) though they had registered themselves on my eyeballs I cannot truly say that I had seen them.His eyes must ha ve recorded the scene but he did not consciously observe wha t wa s ha ppening (for he did not see the old woma n ca rrying the hea vy load of firewood)It carries a load which…too much for a fifteen-hands mule.fifteen-ha nds mule: a mule a bout 60 inches or f feet high.(para 21) This kind of things makes o n e’s blood boil.metonymy. The cruel trea tment of the donkey makes one very angry.People with brown skin are next door to invisible.People with brown skins a re a lmost invisible.It is generally owing to some kind of accident…If people ever notices the old women, it is a sheer chance.Scene 6: the soldiers (para 22-26)The negro’s attitude to wards the whitesWor ds and Expr essionsstork: n. any of a group of large, long-legged wading birds, having a long neck and bill, and related to herons 鹳infantry: soldiers who fight on battle 步兵clump: v. to cause to form the sounds of heavy footstepsGra ndpa clumped a long in his boots.clatter: n. A rapid succession of loud, sharp noises 急促的敲击声reach-me-down: adj. colloq. Second-hand or ready madesullen: showing resentment, sulky; glum 揾怒的，闷闷不乐的syphilis: n. an infectious venereal disease, caused by a spirochete and usu. transmitted by sexual intercourse or acquired congenitally 梅毒charger: n. a horse ridden in battle or on parade 战马，军马garrison: n. troops stationed in a fort or fortified place 驻军reverence: n. feeling or attitude of deep respect, love and awe, as for sth. sacred;glitter: v. to shine with a sparkling light; glisten; sparkle; be bright*Squash –vt. 压坏,捏坏，e.g. She sa t on his ha t and squa shed it.He squa shed the insect with his finger.This pa cka ge wa s squa shed in the ma il.*Squash –vi.e.g. Soft fruits squa sh ea sily. (a gla ss of ora nge squa sh)This ha t squa shes ea sily.*Squash –vi. vt (使劲)挤e.g. She squa shed into the crowded tra in.D o n’t a ll try to squa sh into the lift together.He squa shed his clothes into a box.* Squash –vt. (使不说话/谈)e.g. W hen I tried to speak, he squashed me.He is try ing to squash the story of the defeat.* S l ump –vi. 沉重地倒下[践踏]e.g. He slumped in his cha ir a sleep.Tired from his wa lk, he slumped into a cha ir.The boy’s feet slumped repea t edly through the corridor.* S l ump –vi. (质量,价格等)下降, (买卖)清淡起来e.g. Her work slumped because of personal problems.The company ’s shares slumped last month.Business has slumped.*S lump—n.e.g. The economy went into a severe slump.When there is a slump in a country it is difficult to do tra de, a nd ma ny people a re out ofwork.There was a serious slump in the 1930s.Pa r a gr a phing & Inter pr e tingIn this part, the author shows the mentality o f the colonized by describing the boy ’s look.(para 23) Their splendid bodies … curiously sensitive black faces were glistening with swea t.The Senega lese soldiers were wea ring rea dy-ma de kha ki uniforms which hid their bea utifully well-built bodies. Their feet were squeezed into boots wha t were too sma ll a nd were fla t a nd squa re like blocks of wood and their hea ds were a lso squeezed into tiny tin ha ts which seemed to be a little too sma ll for them.The words ‘splendid’a nd ‘sensitive’show the author ’s positive a ttitude towa rds them. This pa ra gra ph revea ls the poor conditions of the soldiers.(para 24) It was the shy, wide-eyed Negro look, which actually is a look of profound respect.wide-eyes: with the eyes opened widely, a s beca use of surprise, fea r, la ck of sophistica tion.The Negro genera lly looks a t the white ma sters with his eyes opened widely showing ba shfulness, fea r, unea siness, etc. it is a docile, subservient look.(para 24) This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and ca tch syphilis in garrison townsThis misera ble bla ck boy is, a s a result of the coloniza tion of his country, a French citizen.Therefore he ha s been conscribed a nd forced to lea ve his home in the forest to come to a ga rrison town where he will ca tch syphilis.(para 25) In this connection it doesn’t matter twopence if he calls himself a socialist.it doesn’t ma t ter twopence: i t does not ma t ter a t a l l.Every white ma n, even those who ca ll themselves socia lists ca n’t help but think this thought when he sees a black a rmy ma rching pa st.(para 26) And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the longcolumn , … like scraps of paper.Wa tching the one-or-two miles long column of soldiers marching peacefully. Up the roa d wa s just like wa tching a flock of ca ttle. Ca ttle do n’t think, d o n’t a sk questions, but follow their ma sters blindly.These bla ck soldiers were just like ca ttle.Com m ent:Soldiers a re to serve the government. The Senega lese soldiers a resupporting the colonia l ma sters who a re cruelly exploiting the country.It sounds ironica l. Yet the young ma n, instead of ha ting the white men,a ctua lly holds a deep respect for them. The whole situa tion gives a depressing future of the country.SummaryThe text is a piece of objective exposition of the poverty, misery anddegradation of the inhabitants in Marrakech. The ordinary local funeral,which treats the dead as animals, is merely one episode of the miserablelives of native people. However, this fact is the basis upon which all theimperialists build up their empires. The author illustrates the followingfacts to show the plight of the inhabitants. An Arab navvy , an employeeof the municipality, begs for a piece of brea d which is formerly the foodof the gazelles. In the unsanitary ghettoes which are crowded with Jews,people overwork in a wretched situation, but they cannot possibly afforda piece of cigarette. The brown laborers working in the barren fields in abackward way are partly invisible to the white colonists who are insensi-tive to the suffering all around them. The old women carrying fireworkare more invisible for their skinny a nd distorted figures. Ironically,oblivious to the miseries of the human beings, the white express moresympathy to the da mna ble fa t e of the donkeys. However, the colonized ,such as one of the Senagalese soldiers, bear blind deep respect for thewhite masters. This provokes the white to reexamine themselves as wellas their ways of treating the colonized people.Stylistic features* Generally speaking, Orwell describes objectively the suffering and misery of the colonial people inMarrakech, yet he manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery. He succeeds in imparting this feeling to his readers:a)through the clever choice of the scenes he describesb)through the appropriate use of words: concretec)through the tone in which he describes these scenes: objective, matter-of-factly, yet readers can see his anger beneath.d)by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.e)figures of speech used: simile, metaphor, parallelism, repetition, rhetorical question, synecdoche, analogy, transferred epithetDictation1.wail a chant2. hack an oblong hole3. inhabitants4. undifferentiated5. derelict6. medieval ghettoes7. fly -infested 8. warp out of shape 9. conspicuous10. frenzied rush 11. grope in the air 12. eroded soil13. desolate place 14. conserve water 15. mummified with age 16. invisibility 17. be infuriated18. plight of human beings 19. slump under weight 20. glisten with sweat 21. contemptuous 22. reverence 23. sullen 24. inquisitive 25. scraps of paper26. hummocky 27. prickly pear 28. bumpy 29. hindquarter30. nibble 31. sidle 32. stow 33. municipality34. skull-cap 35. booth 36. prehistoric 37. clamour38. self-contained39. grove 40. witchcraft 41. hobble42. damnably 43. bridle 44. packsaddle 45. halter46. reach-me-down 47. squash 48. syphilis 49. garrison 50 George Orwell。
高级英语Lesson 2 (BooK 2) Marrakech 课后练习级答案
EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech?3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. (para 19)12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26) Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webs ter’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conserved them.5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves. Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil． 11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
高级英语第二册第二课Marrakech
• They rise out of the earth，… are gone. • They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name,and nobody notices that they are dead.
•
• flesh: • mankind,human beings
• undifferentiated brown stuff: • sth brown in color with no individual characteristics.
• coral:珊瑚的； 珊瑚色的 • coral insects:珊瑚虫
• alliteration (押头韵） • showing the monotonous life.
• sink into:渗入； 陷入； 沉入； 把…投入
• The facts don't seem to sink into his
head. • 他似乎没有牢记这些事实。
• mound (n.) : a pile of earth or stones that looks like a small hill 土堆；土丘； 坟堆
• Sometimes, out for a walk as you break your way through the prickly pear, you notice that it is rather bumpy underfoot, and only a certain regularity in the bumps tells you that you are walking over skeletons.”
高级英语Lesson_2_(BooK_2)_Marrakech_课文内容
高级英语Lesson_2_(BooK_2)_Marrakech_课文内容MarrakechGeorge Orwell1 As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later.2 The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, nowomen--threaded their way across the market place between thepiles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hackanoblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling overit a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even becertain where his own relatives are buried.3 When you walk through a town like this -- two hundredthousand inhabitants of whom at least twenty thousand own literally nothing except the rags they stand up in-- when you see how thepeople live, and still more how easily they die, it is alwaysdifficult to believe that you are walking among human beings. All colonialempires are in reality founded upon this fact. The people have brown faces--besides, there are so many of them! Are they really the sameflesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? They rise out of the earth，they sweat and starve for afew years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. And even the graves themselves soon fade back into the soil. Sometimes, out for a walk as you break your way through the prickly pear, you notice that it is rather bumpy underfoot, and only a certain regularity in the bumps tells you that you are walking over skeletons.4 I was feeding one of the gazelles in the public gardens.5 Gazelles are almost the only animals that look good to eat when they are still alive, in fact, one can hardly look at their hindquarters without thinking of a mint sauce. The gazelle I wasfeeding seemed to know that this thought was in my mind, for though it took the piece of bread I was holding out it obviously did not like me. It nibbled nibbled rapidly at the bread, then lowered its head and tried to butt me, then took another nibble and then butted again.Probably its idea was that if it could drive me away the bread would somehow remain hanging in mid-air.6 An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavyhoe and sidled slowly towards us. He looked from the gazelle to the bread and from the bread to the gazelle, with a sort of quiet amazement, as though he had never seen anything quite like thisbefore. Finally he said shyly in French: "1 could eat some of that bread."7 I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secretplace under his rags. This man is an employee of the municipality.8 When you go through the Jewish Quarters you gather someidea of what the medieval ghettoes were probably like. Under their Moorish Moorishrulers the Jews were only allowed to own land in certain restricted areas, and after centuries of this kind of treatment they have ceased to bother about overcrowding. Many of the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely windowless, and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. Down the centre of the street there is generally running a little river of urine.9 In the bazaar huge families of Jews, all dressed in the long black robe and little black skull-cap, are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chairlegs at lightning speed. He works thelathe with a bow in his right hand and guides the chisel with hisleft foot, and thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape. At his side his grandson, aged six, is already starting on the simpler parts of the job.10 I was just passing the coppersmiths' booths when somebody noticed that I was lighting a cigarette. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette.Even a blind man somewhere at the back of one of the booths heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand. In about a minute I had used up the whole packet. None of these people, I suppose, works less than twelve hours a day, and every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.11 As the Jews live in self-contained communities they follow thesame trades as the Arabs, except for agriculture. Fruitsellers, potters, silversmiths, blacksmiths, butchers, leather-workers, tailors, water-carriers, beggars, porters -- whichever way you look you see nothing but Jews. As a matter of fact there are thirteen thousand of them, all living in the space of a few acres. A good job Hitletwasn't here. Perhaps he was on his way, however. You hear the usual dark rumours about Jews, not only from the Arabs but from the poorer Europeans.12 "Yes vieux mon vieux, they took my job away from me andgave it to a Jew. The Jews! They' re the real rulers of this country, you know. They’ve got all the money. They control the banks, finance -- everything."13 "But", I said, "isn't it a fact that the average Jew is alabourerworking for about a penny an hour?"14 "Ah, that's only for show! They' re all money lenders really.They' re cunning, the Jews."15 In just the same way, a couple of hundred years ago, poor old women used to be burned for witchcraft when they could not even work enough magic to get themselves a square meal. square meal16 All people who work with their hands are partly invisible, andthe more important the work they do, the less visible they are. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. In northern Europe, when you see a labourer ploughing a field, you probably give him a second glance. In a hot country, anywhere south of Gibraltar or east of Suez, the chances are that you don't even see him. I have noticed this again and again. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes ineverything except the human beings. It takes in the dried-up soil, the prickly pear, the palm tree and the distant mountain, but it always misses the peasant hoeing at his patch. He is the same colour as the earth, and a great deal less interesting to look at.17 It is only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. But where the human beings have brown skins their poverty is simply not noticed. What does Morocco mean to a Frenchman? An orange grove or a job in Government service. Or to an Englishman? Camels, castles, palm trees, Foreign Legionnaires, brass trays, and bandits. One couldprobably live there for years without noticing that for nine-tenths ofthe people the reality of life is an endless back-breaking struggle towring a little food out of an eroded soil.18 Most of Morocco is so desolate that no wild animal bigger than a hare can live on it. Huge areas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. Nevertheless a good deal of it is cultivated, with frightful labour. Everything is done by hand. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields, tearing up the prickly weeds with their hands, and the peasant gathering lucerne for fodder pulls it up stalk by stalk instead of reaping it, thus saving an inch or two on each stalk. The plough is a wretched wooden thing, so frail that one can easily carry it on one's shoulder, and fitted underneath with a rough iron spike which stirs the soil to a depth of about four inches. This is as much as the strength ofthe animals is equal to. It is usual to plough with a cow and a donkey yoked together. Two donkeys would not be quite strong enough, but on the other hand two cows would cost a little more to feed. The peasants possess no narrows, they merely plough the soil severaltimes over in different directions, finally leaving it in rough furrows, after which the whole field has to be shaped with hoes into small oblong patches to conserve water. Except for a day or two after the rare rainstorms there is never enough water. A long the edges of the fields channels are hacked out to a depth of thirty or forty feet to get at the tiny trickles which run through the subsoil.19 Every afternoon a file of very old women passes down theroad outside my house, each carrying a load of firewood. All of them are mummified with age and the sun, and all of them are tiny. It seemsto be generally the case in primitive communities that the women, when they get beyond a certain age, shrink to the size ofchildren. One day poor creature who could not have been more thanfour feet tall crept past me under a vast load of wood. I stopped herand put a five-sou sou piece ( a little more than a farthing into her hand. She answered with a shrill wail, almost a scream, which was partly gratitude but mainly surprise. I suppose that from her point of view, by taking any notice of her, I seemed almost to be violating a law of nature. She accept- ed her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. When a family is travelling it is quite usual to see a father and a grown-up son riding ahead on donkeys, and anold woman following on foot, carrying the baggage.20 But what is strange about these people is their invisibility. For several weeks, always at about the same time of day, the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their firewood, and though they had registered themselves on my eyeballs I cannot truly say thatI had seen them. Firewood was passing -- that was how I saw it. Itwas only that one day I happened to be walking behind them, and the curious up-and-down motion of a load of wood drew my attention to the human being beneath it. Then for the first time I noticed the poor old earth-coloured bodies, bodies reduced to bones and leathery skin, bent double under the crushing weight. Yet I suppose I had not been five minutes on Moroccan soil before I noticed the overloading of the donkeys and was infuriated by it. There is no question that the donkeys are damnably treated. The Moroccan donkey is hardly bigger than a St. Bernard dog, it carries a load which in the British Army would be considered too much for a fifteen-hands mule, and very often its packsaddle is not taken off its back for weeks together. But what is peculiarly pitiful is that it is the most willing creature on earth, it follows its master like a dog and does not need either bridleor halter . After a dozen years of devoted work it suddenly drops dead, whereupon its master tips it into the ditch and the village dogs have torn its guts out before it is cold.21 This kind of thing makes one's blood boil, whereas-- on thewhole -- the plight of the human beings does not. I am notcommenting, merely pointing to a fact. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. Anyone can be sorry for the donkey with its galled back, but it is generally owing to some kind of accident if one even notices the old woman under her load of sticks.22 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marchingsouthward -- a long, dusty column, infantry , screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.23 They were Senegalese, the blackest Negroes in Africa, soblack that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms, their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood, and every tin hat seemed to be a couple of sizes too small. It was very hot and the men had marched a long way. They slumped under the weight of their packs and the curiously sensitive black faces were glistening with sweat.24 As they went past, a tall, very young Negro turned and caught my eye. But the look he gave me was not in the least the kind of look you might expect. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. It was the shy, wide-eyed Negro look, whichactuallyis a look of profound respect. I saw how it was. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forestto scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. He has been taught that the white race are his masters, and he still believes it.25 But there is one thought which every white man (and in this connection it doesn't matter twopence if he calls himself a socialist) thinks when he sees a black army marching past. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?"26 It was curious really. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. I had it, so had the other onlookers, so had the officers on their sweating chargers and the white N. C. Os marching in the ranks. It was a kind of secret which we all knew and were too clever to tell; only the Negroes didn't know it. And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of Paper.(from Reading for Rhetoric, by Caroline Shrodes,Clifford A. Josephson, and James R. Wilson)NOTES1. Orwell: George Orwell was the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair (1903-50), an English writer who at one time served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. He fought in the Spanish Civil War, an experience he recorded in Homage to Catalonia. His novels include Down and Out in Paris and London ; Burmese Days ; Coming up for Air ; A Clergyman' s Daughter ; Keep the Aspidistra Flying; Animal Farm; and 1984. The last two novels vilify socialist society andcommunism. Among his well known essays are: Shooting an Elephant ; A Hanging ; Marrakech ; and Politics and the English Language.2. Moorish: Moors, mixed Arabs and Berbers, and inhabitants of Morocco. They set up a Moorish empire from the end of the 8th century to the 12th century: by 12th century the empire included North Africa to the borders of Egypt, as well as Mohammedan Spain.3. Mon vieux: a French phrase meaning, "my old fellow (friend)"4. Distressed Area: area where there is widespread unemployment,poverty, etc., a slum area.5. Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects. Spain had a foreign legion, up till the revolution in Morocco, and Holland in the Dutch East Indies.6. fifteen-hands: unit of measurement, especially for the height of horses; a hand, the breadth of the human palm, is now usually taken to be 4 inches.。
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…the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back in a few minutes later. …the taxis and the camels… When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot and two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like the broken brick.
省级精品课程 《高级英语》第三版第二册
制作人：徐李洁
Lesson 2 Marrakech
By George Orwell
Teaching Aims
• To familiarize with the background knowledge of George Orwell, Morocco, French colonies, Marrakech; Jews • To learn expository writing; • To analyze the theme and the writer’s opinion of colonialism.
2. A region politically controlled by a distant country; a dependency.
3. A group of people who have been institutionalized in a relatively remote area
Background Knowledge
• • • • • • George Orwell Morocco Marrakech French Colonies Jews Analysis of the text
• Definition of Colony 1. a. emigrants or their descendants in a distant territory but remain subject to or closely associated with the parent country. In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographically-distant state. • b. A territory thus settled.
• • • • • • •
Colonize vt. e.g. Britain colonized Australia. Colonist (殖民地居民， 移民）， colonialism, colonialist, Colonization, colonizationist (主张开拓殖民地者） Colonial country Colony （殖民地， 居住区） e.g. the artists’ colony in New York city
The list of action verbs are all single-syllabic, showing the quick speed and simple burying procedure
Are they really…? Do they …? Or are they … individual as bees or coral insects?
Words and Expressions
The wind wailed through the trees
chant: a simple liturgical song in which a string of syllables or words is sung to each tone bier: a platform or portable framework on which a coffin or corpse is placed hack: to break up (land) with a hoe, mattock, etc. oblong: adj. longer than broad; elongated hummocky: adj. full of or looking like low, rounded hills 布满小丘的 derelict: adj. deserted by the owner; abandoned; forsaken prickly pear: any of a genus of cactus plans having cylindrical or large, flat, oval stem joints and edible fruits 仙人掌 (属)
Scene 2: The begging of bread of an employee (para 4-7) Life is poor. People can’t afford proper food.
Words and Expressions
gazelle: n. any of various small, swift, graceful antelopes of Africa, the New East , and Asia, with spirally twisted, backward pointing horns and large, lustrous eyes. 瞪羚 hindquarter: n. either of two hind edges legs and loins of a carcass of veal, beef, lamb, etc. (pl.) the hind legs of a four-legged animal nibble: to eat (food) with quick bites, taking only a small amount at a time, as a mouse does. butt: to strike or push with the head or horns; ran with the head navvy: (BrE) an unskilled laborer, an on canals, roads sidle: to move sideways, esp. in a shy, fearful or stealthily manner stow: to pack or store away, esp. to pack in an orderly, compact manner municipality: a city, town, etc. having its own incorporated government 自治市
A list of rhetorical questions added force to author’s denunciation
They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.
Scene 1: The burial of the poor inhabitants (para 1-3) Life is cheap. People are so poor that they can not afford proper burials.
wail: to cry out in mourning or lamentation 悲伤地哭号
Scene 1: The burial of the poor inhabitants (para 1-3) The idea: Life is cheap. People are so poor that they can not afford proper burials. Scene 2: The begging of bread of an employee (para 4-7) The idea: Life is poor. People can’t afford proper food. Scene 3: Living condition of the Jews (para 8-15) The idea: Jews live in great poverty and under prejudice. Scene 4: Cultivation of soil (para 16-18) The idea: Hard way of making a living. Scene 5: Life of women (para 19-21) The idea: Miserable life of old women, no better than a donkey Scene 6: the soldiers (para 22-26) The idea: The negroes’ attitude towards the whites
alliteration, showing the monotonous life. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.
Detailed Analysis of the Text
1) Which sentence expresses the theme of the text? (or : Which is the thesis statement?) • All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact (para.3) 2) What is the theme of the text? • The author denounces the evils of colonialism. He mercilessly exposes poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies. These people are not considered nor are they treated as human beings. 3) How many scenes has the writer described to expose the evils of colonialism? What are they?