虚拟语气+定语从句

1. I have a friend ________ likes who/that listening to classical music. 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the which/that new dress __________ I gave her. 3. The man whose leg broke in a ______ match used to be a football player.
定语从句
• 先行词: 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 • 关系词: 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代 词（who, whom, that, which, whose） 和关系副词(where, when, why)。
合并句子:
1. The man is a worker. 2. The man is speaking at the meeting.
虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
真实条件句VS非真实条件句 试比较： If it rains tomorrow, we’ll have to stay at home. If I were you, I would accept the offer. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的假设通常有三种情况： ①与过去事实相反 ②与现在事实相反 ③与将来事实可能相反。
would rather
接从句，用虚拟语气。用一般过去式时，表示一个 现在或将来的愿望；用过去完成式时，表示一个过 去的愿望。例如：
• I’d rather you paid the money yourself. • I’d rather she painted the wall green next time. • I’d rather she hadn’t sent me the text message that day.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
(Attributive clause) 概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词
的句子.
Mary is a beautiful girl.
形容词作定语
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
源自文库
5. They should have arrived by now. 6. Should I have time, I would read the book again. 7. I wish I hadn’t done that. 8. He talked as if he had seen it with his own eyes.
4. 当先行词既指人又指物时。 例如：
• The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them. 我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。
• Let's talk about the persons and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。
非真实条件句中谓语动词形式
条件从句 主句 If sb.+过去式（be的 sb.+ would (should, 与现在事实相反 过去式是were） could, might)+动词原 形 sb.+ would (should, 与过去事实相反 If sb.+ had done could, might) + have done
虚拟语气用于宾语从句
表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾 语从句中的虚拟语气从句中用“should +动 词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于 此结构的动词常见的有：advise, ask, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest, recommend等。 例如：
• I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 我建议会议延期举行。 • The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. 医生要她卧床 休息几天。 • They demanded that their pay (should) be raised. 他们要求增加工资。
分解 The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman.
作宾语
whose 作定语从句的定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
I know the girl. 分解 The girl’s mother is a teacher.
与将来事实可能
相反
If sb.+ A. 过去式 B. were to do C. should +动词 原形
sb.+ would (should, could, might) +动词原 形
与现在事实相反（例句）
• If I were rich enough, I would travel around the world.假如我很富有，我就会周 游世界。(The fact is that I can’t travel around the world because I don’t have enough money.) • If I had a car, I should be very happy. 假如我有一辆汽车，我应该很高兴。 • If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky. 假如我是一只鸟儿，我就会在空中自由飞翔。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是 事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 例如：
If I had time, I would certainly go to the movie with you.
I wish I were a white cloud.
虚拟语气的表现形式
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。例如：
1. God bless you. 2. If he were here, he would know what to do. 3. If you had come a little earlier, you would have met her. 4. She suggested that we should keep emailing each other.
I have nothing that is worth reading.
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
3. 当先行词被 all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both 等修饰时。
This is all that I want to say at the meeting. 这就是我在会上要说的。 Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值的看的书吗？
5. 当先行词被 the last , the very 和 the only 修饰时。 • This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。
• The only book that I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。
This is the second book that I have ever written.
2. all, everything, something, nothing few, the one, none, much, none 等不定 代词作先行词时
Everything that we saw in this film was true.
与过去事实相反（例句）
• If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her. 假如我当时知道 她的电话号码，我就会给她打了电话。 (The fact is that I didn’t call her because I didn’t know her telephone number.) • If he had got up earlier, he could have caught the train. 假如他早点起身的话， 他本来能赶上那趟火车。
作定语
that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可
省略. The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
下列情况只能用that
1.序数词或最高级adj修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker. 分解 The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语
Whom 作定语从句的宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句
Mary is a girl. Mary has long hair.
合并为一个句子
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词 关系代词
关系词
定语从句 关系副词 where, when, why
which, who, whom, whose, that
定语从句的用法:
当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导
These are the trees which were planted last year.
当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, whose, that引导
who, whom, whose, that用法区别.
wish的虚拟语气
动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。 与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；
与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词或would/ could have+过去分词； 表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 用would/should (could, might)+动词原形。
• I don’t know her phone number, but I wish I knew her phone number. • I wish I had taken your advice. • I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
不宜用that 的情况
1. 关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which Lu Xun lived. 2. 非限制性定语从句中 He has a daughter, who works in a hospital. 3. 先行词本身是that The book is that which tells people the time.
与将来事实可能相反（例句）
• If she were to marry Jack, she would be happy.如果她嫁给杰克，她会幸福的。 • If I should go abroad, I would go to America. 假如我要出国，我就会去美国。 snowed(常用形式) • If it were to snow(可能性较小) tomorrow, I should snow(可能性较大) should(would) stay at home.