第十二讲英语翻译技巧 语态转换(1)
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三、英语被动句→汉语主动句
1.主宾颠倒
Eg.1)The newly-built wooden bridge was washed away by the flood. 大水把新修的木桥冲走了。 2)Our whole plan was broken in on by the death of the chief engineer. 总工程师的去世打乱了我们的整个计划。 3)Radium was discovered by the Curies in December 1898. 1898年12月，居里夫妇发现了镭。 4)By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization. 大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800个人。
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6. This material has to be used in the experiment. 这种材料在实验中非用不可/这种材料在实验中必须使用。 7. Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year. 菲亚特汽车公司每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。 8.Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft (受贿) among some high officials in China. 必须特别强调我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严重性。 9.These picture books are written for children. 这种图画书是为儿童编写的。 10. I felt uneasy for the rest of the day since I was awakened from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone. 电话铃声把我从睡梦中吵醒后，我一整天都心神不定。
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四、英语被动句→汉语无主句
1.完全无主句
Eg.1)The contract should be prepared in two lanuages. 应该用两种语言来准备这份合同。 2)The unpleasant noise must be immediately stopped. 必须立即停止这种讨厌的噪声。 3)Up to now, only a few factories have been enlarged. 到目前为止，只对几座工厂进行了扩建。 4)Mechanical energy can be changed into electrical energy by means of a generator. 可以利用发电机把机械能转变成电能。 5)She was asked 10 questions in the oral exam and she answered every one of them correctly. 口试时问了她10个问题，她都一一答对了。
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3. “据. . .” “有人，大家. . .”
Eg.1) It’s reported that the new President will make more reform. 据报道，新总统将进行更多改革。 2) It’s said that negotiation will be reopened in Geneva sometime next month. 据说，下个月的某个时候将在日内瓦重开谈判。 3) It’s considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject. 人们认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。 4) It has been decided that the fund should be distributed to those who need help badly. 已经决定，这部分资金将拨给那些急需之人。
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4.判断句
Eg.1)The high school was set up five years ago. 这所中学是五年前设立的。 2)The bridge is named after an engineer. 这座桥是以一名工程师的名字命名的。 3)Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。 4)The picture was painted by the famous artist John Smith. 这幅画是著名画家约翰·史密斯画的。 5)The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard in 1872. 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
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二、英语被动句→汉语被动句
“被、遭、叫、让、给、受到、得到、遭到、得以、加以、 为…所…”等 Eg.1)The Harry Porter series of novel has already been translated into many languages. 《哈利·波特》系列小说已经被译成了多种语言。 2)He was attacked by two masked men. 他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。 3)She was caught in a heavy rain. 她叫大雨淋着了。 4)Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
第十一讲 语态转换（1）
2009-11-23
张伟红
主要内容
一、简介 二、英语被动句转换为汉语被动句 三、英语被动句转换为汉语主动句 四、英语被动句转换为汉语无主句 五、练习
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一、简介
Eg. 1)His father was killed by the Japanese invaders in 1942. 1942年他的父亲被（叫）日本侵略者杀害了。 1942年，日本侵略者把他父亲杀害了（杀害了他父亲）。 2)When will the meeting be held? 会什么时候开？ 3)Table tennis is played all over China. 中国到处都打乒乓球。 4)Children should be taught to speak the truth. 要教孩子们讲真话。 5)It’s well known that he has married a famous movie star. 众所周知，他娶了一位电影明星。
张伟红
1. The plan will be carried out by a special committee. 该计划将由一个特别委员会执行。/一个特别委员会将执行这 项计划。 2. It is said that he was cheated by his partner while doing business in the south. 据说他在南方做生意时让同伴给骗了。 3. It is believed that worry can make a person’s hair turn gray overnight. 有人相信忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。 4. This old man has been taken care of for years by some PLA men. 这位老人多年来一直受到/得到几位解放军的照顾。 5. The city is being destroyed by the flood. 这座城市正在被洪水所毁。
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2.增加主语
Eg.1)An interesting question was asked at the meeting. 有人在会上提出了一个有趣的问题。 2)Matter is known to occupy space. 大家知道，物质占有空间。 3) She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed. 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。 4) What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world. 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿 所做的事，却能改变世界。
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2.主语位置是状语
Eg.1)Some pictures are hung on the wall. 墙上挂着照片。 2)The inspection was conducted last week. 上星期已经做过检验了。 3)The shipment must be made before May 1. 五一前必须装船。 4)More apartment buildings will be built in this area. 这个地区将兴建更多住宅楼。
张伟红
1. The plan will be carried out by a special committee. 2. It is said that he was cheated by his partner while doing business in the south. 3. It is believed that worry can make a person’s hair turn gray overnight. 4. This old man has been taken care of for years by some PLA men. 5. The city is being destroyed by the flood. 6. This material has to be used in the experiment. 7. Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year. 8.Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft (受贿) among some high officials in China. 9.These picture books are written for children. 10. I felt uneasy for the rest of the day since I was awakened from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone.
张伟红
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
5)The proposal was accepted by all the members of the committee. 这条建议曾为该委员会的全体成员所接受。 6)Problems should be solved in good time. 问题应及时加以解决。 问题应及时解决。 7)He was praised by his teacher. 他得到了老师的表扬。 8) For a long period to come, most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families. 在未来较长的一段时间里，中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡 养。
张伟红
3.保存原文主语
Eg.1)When will the meeting be held? 会什么时候开？ 2)My hat was blown off. 我的帽子刮掉了。 3)This book is well written. 这本书写得不错。 4)The equipment is operated easily. 这种设备操作简便。 5)The movie will be shown again on the same channel tomorrow. 这部电影明天还将在同一个频道重播。
三、英语被动句→汉语主动句
1.主宾颠倒
Eg.1)The newly-built wooden bridge was washed away by the flood. 大水把新修的木桥冲走了。 2)Our whole plan was broken in on by the death of the chief engineer. 总工程师的去世打乱了我们的整个计划。 3)Radium was discovered by the Curies in December 1898. 1898年12月，居里夫妇发现了镭。 4)By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization. 大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800个人。
张伟红
6. This material has to be used in the experiment. 这种材料在实验中非用不可/这种材料在实验中必须使用。 7. Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year. 菲亚特汽车公司每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。 8.Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft (受贿) among some high officials in China. 必须特别强调我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严重性。 9.These picture books are written for children. 这种图画书是为儿童编写的。 10. I felt uneasy for the rest of the day since I was awakened from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone. 电话铃声把我从睡梦中吵醒后，我一整天都心神不定。
张伟红
四、英语被动句→汉语无主句
1.完全无主句
Eg.1)The contract should be prepared in two lanuages. 应该用两种语言来准备这份合同。 2)The unpleasant noise must be immediately stopped. 必须立即停止这种讨厌的噪声。 3)Up to now, only a few factories have been enlarged. 到目前为止，只对几座工厂进行了扩建。 4)Mechanical energy can be changed into electrical energy by means of a generator. 可以利用发电机把机械能转变成电能。 5)She was asked 10 questions in the oral exam and she answered every one of them correctly. 口试时问了她10个问题，她都一一答对了。
张伟红
3. “据. . .” “有人，大家. . .”
Eg.1) It’s reported that the new President will make more reform. 据报道，新总统将进行更多改革。 2) It’s said that negotiation will be reopened in Geneva sometime next month. 据说，下个月的某个时候将在日内瓦重开谈判。 3) It’s considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject. 人们认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。 4) It has been decided that the fund should be distributed to those who need help badly. 已经决定，这部分资金将拨给那些急需之人。
张伟红
4.判断句
Eg.1)The high school was set up five years ago. 这所中学是五年前设立的。 2)The bridge is named after an engineer. 这座桥是以一名工程师的名字命名的。 3)Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。 4)The picture was painted by the famous artist John Smith. 这幅画是著名画家约翰·史密斯画的。 5)The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard in 1872. 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
张伟红
二、英语被动句→汉语被动句
“被、遭、叫、让、给、受到、得到、遭到、得以、加以、 为…所…”等 Eg.1)The Harry Porter series of novel has already been translated into many languages. 《哈利·波特》系列小说已经被译成了多种语言。 2)He was attacked by two masked men. 他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。 3)She was caught in a heavy rain. 她叫大雨淋着了。 4)Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
第十一讲 语态转换（1）
2009-11-23
张伟红
主要内容
一、简介 二、英语被动句转换为汉语被动句 三、英语被动句转换为汉语主动句 四、英语被动句转换为汉语无主句 五、练习
张伟红
一、简介
Eg. 1)His father was killed by the Japanese invaders in 1942. 1942年他的父亲被（叫）日本侵略者杀害了。 1942年，日本侵略者把他父亲杀害了（杀害了他父亲）。 2)When will the meeting be held? 会什么时候开？ 3)Table tennis is played all over China. 中国到处都打乒乓球。 4)Children should be taught to speak the truth. 要教孩子们讲真话。 5)It’s well known that he has married a famous movie star. 众所周知，他娶了一位电影明星。
张伟红
1. The plan will be carried out by a special committee. 该计划将由一个特别委员会执行。/一个特别委员会将执行这 项计划。 2. It is said that he was cheated by his partner while doing business in the south. 据说他在南方做生意时让同伴给骗了。 3. It is believed that worry can make a person’s hair turn gray overnight. 有人相信忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。 4. This old man has been taken care of for years by some PLA men. 这位老人多年来一直受到/得到几位解放军的照顾。 5. The city is being destroyed by the flood. 这座城市正在被洪水所毁。
张伟红
2.增加主语
Eg.1)An interesting question was asked at the meeting. 有人在会上提出了一个有趣的问题。 2)Matter is known to occupy space. 大家知道，物质占有空间。 3) She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed. 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。 4) What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world. 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿 所做的事，却能改变世界。
张伟红
2.主语位置是状语
Eg.1)Some pictures are hung on the wall. 墙上挂着照片。 2)The inspection was conducted last week. 上星期已经做过检验了。 3)The shipment must be made before May 1. 五一前必须装船。 4)More apartment buildings will be built in this area. 这个地区将兴建更多住宅楼。
张伟红
1. The plan will be carried out by a special committee. 2. It is said that he was cheated by his partner while doing business in the south. 3. It is believed that worry can make a person’s hair turn gray overnight. 4. This old man has been taken care of for years by some PLA men. 5. The city is being destroyed by the flood. 6. This material has to be used in the experiment. 7. Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year. 8.Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft (受贿) among some high officials in China. 9.These picture books are written for children. 10. I felt uneasy for the rest of the day since I was awakened from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone.
张伟红
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
5)The proposal was accepted by all the members of the committee. 这条建议曾为该委员会的全体成员所接受。 6)Problems should be solved in good time. 问题应及时加以解决。 问题应及时解决。 7)He was praised by his teacher. 他得到了老师的表扬。 8) For a long period to come, most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families. 在未来较长的一段时间里，中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡 养。
张伟红
3.保存原文主语
Eg.1)When will the meeting be held? 会什么时候开？ 2)My hat was blown off. 我的帽子刮掉了。 3)This book is well written. 这本书写得不错。 4)The equipment is operated easily. 这种设备操作简便。 5)The movie will be shown again on the same channel tomorrow. 这部电影明天还将在同一个频道重播。