直接引语转换成间接引语的规则

直接引语转换成间接引语的规则

引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，叫做直接引语，用自己的语言转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。直接引语用引号标出，而间接引语不需要引号。直接引语为陈述句。一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，和祈使句，转换成间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，时间状语和地点状语都有变化。1. 人称的转变

直接引语转化成间接引语时，人称要根据情况作必要的变化。

She said, “I am very sorry.”

----- She said that she was very sorry.

“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.

---- My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.

He said to his son, “I’ll check your homework tonight.”

----- He said to his son that he would check his homework that night.

2. 时态的转换

直接引语改为间接引语时，主句的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要做出相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）。

3.时间状语，地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词的变化。

4. 直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况。

1）直接引语表述的是客观事实。科学真理和格言时，例如：

The teacher said “The earth moves round the sun.”

---- The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.

He said, “Practice makes perfect.”

----- He said that practice makes perfect.

2) 主句的时态是一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时时。例如：He often says, “I will never forget you.”

---- He often says he will never forget me.

He will say, “I have done my best...”

---- He will say that he has done his best.

3) 在同一时间范围内转述别人的话，且直接引语中含有明确的表示过去的时间状语时。例如：

Li Ping said to me,“ I was late for school yesterday.”

---- Li Ping told me that she was late for school yesterday.(转述时间仍在当天) Tom: I have been there before.

Lily: What did Tom say?

Jin: Tom said that he has been there before.

4) 直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句，变间接引语时，从句的时态不便，例如“She said , “I went there when I was six years old.”

------ She said she had gone there when she was six years old.

5) 直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，例如：

He said, “I went to college in 1994.”

---- He told us that he went to college in 1994.

6) 直接引语中有以when, while 引导的从句，表示过去的时间时。例如：

He said, “When I was a child, I usually played football after school.”

------ He said when he was a child; he usually played football after school.

7) 直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must. used to, ought to, had better 等动词时，例如：

She said, “We should help each other.”

----- She said we should help each other.

5. 间接引语的命令，请求，劝告

直接命令，He said, “ Sit down, Tom.”

间接命令。He told Tom to sit down.

间接命令，请求及劝告的常用句式为：“表示命令，请求，劝告的动词+宾语+不定式”。

根据语境，可选用下列动词：

advise, ask, invite, beg, implore, command, encourage, treat, forbid, order,

recommend, remind, request, tell. urge, warm ,etc.

He said, “Get your coat, Tom!”

He told Tom to get his coat.

“You had better hurry, Bill!” She said.

She advised Bill to hurry.

2) 否定意义的命令，请求等通常用not+ 不定式转述。“Don’t play in the street, boys.” I said.

I warned /told the boys not to play in the street.

“Don’t play in the street, boys,” I said.

------ I warned /told the boys not to play in the street.

3) 表示间接命令、请求及劝告：

表示要求和忠告可用于多种方法来表示。如：

“If I were you, I’d stop talking that medicine.” I said.

----- I advised him to stop taking that medicine.

“Why don’t you take off your coat?” He said.

------- He advised me to take off my coat.

“Would/Could you show me your passport, please?” He said. ---- He asked me to show him my passport.

------He asked to see my passport.

“You might post some letters for me,” said my boss.

----- My boss asked me to post some letters for him.