跨文化商务沟通(3)
跨文化商务沟通彭清龙课后
跨文化商务沟通彭清龙课后一、引言1.1 任务背景1.2 任务目的二、跨文化商务沟通的重要性2.1 国际化商务的发展趋势2.2 跨文化商务沟通对企业的影响三、文化差异对商务沟通的影响3.1 语言差异3.2 礼仪与礼节差异3.3 价值观与信仰差异3.4 时间观念与工作习惯差异四、跨文化商务沟通的关键要素4.1 跨文化商务沟通的原则4.2 语言与非语言沟通技巧4.3 跨文化沟通中的注意事项五、案例分析：中美跨文化商务沟通5.1 中美商务文化差异的概述5.2 中美商务沟通中的常见问题5.3 解决中美商务沟通问题的建议六、结论6.1 跨文化商务沟通的挑战6.2 跨文化商务沟通的应对策略跨文化商务沟通彭清龙课后一、引言1.1 任务背景在全球化时代，跨国企业之间的商务交流越来越频繁，而不同文化之间的差异也成为影响商务沟通的重要因素。
为了帮助企业有效地开展跨文化商务沟通，彭清龙老师提供了相关课程。
本文将探讨跨文化商务沟通的重要性以及应对文化差异的关键要素。
1.2 任务目的本文的目的是全面、详细、完整地探讨跨文化商务沟通的重要性，并提供有效的解决方案以应对不同文化背景下的沟通挑战。
通过学习彭清龙老师的课程，读者将能够更好地理解跨文化商务沟通的要点，并在实践中应用相关技巧和策略。
二、跨文化商务沟通的重要性2.1 国际化商务的发展趋势随着全球化的不断推进，国际化商务交流成为趋势。
企业需要与来自不同国家和地区的合作伙伴、客户和员工进行沟通和合作。
跨国企业的商务活动已超越地域和文化的限制，因此，跨文化商务沟通的重要性不言而喻。
2.2 跨文化商务沟通对企业的影响跨文化商务沟通能够直接影响企业的业务发展和合作关系。
如果企业不能有效地应对文化差异问题，可能导致沟通障碍、误解和冲突，进而影响商业谈判、合作协议和客户关系等。
因此，跨文化商务沟通对企业来说至关重要。
三、文化差异对商务沟通的影响3.1 语言差异语言是文化的重要组成部分，不同语言之间的差异会影响商务沟通的准确性和效果。
商务英语跨文化商务沟通 - 教案
教案商务英语跨文化商务沟通教案一、引言1.1跨文化商务沟通的重要性1.1.1全球化背景下，国际商务活动日益频繁1.1.2跨文化沟通能力成为商务人士必备技能1.1.3跨文化沟通障碍可能导致商务失败1.1.4提高跨文化商务沟通能力，促进商务成功1.2教案目的1.2.1帮助学生了解跨文化商务沟通的基本概念1.2.2培养学生跨文化商务沟通的实际能力1.2.3提高学生对不同文化的敏感度和适应能力1.2.4为学生未来从事国际商务活动打下基础1.3教案结构1.3.1知识点讲解：介绍跨文化商务沟通的基本理论1.3.2教学内容：涵盖跨文化商务沟通的主要方面1.3.3教学目标：明确学生应达到的学习效果1.3.4教学难点与重点：突出教学中的关键点二、知识点讲解2.1文化差异对商务沟通的影响2.1.1语言差异：不同语言的表达方式和习惯不同2.1.2非语言差异：肢体语言、面部表情等的文化差异2.1.3商业习俗差异：谈判风格、决策方式等的文化差异2.1.4法律法规差异：不同国家的商业法律和规范不同2.2跨文化商务沟通策略2.2.1提高跨文化意识：了解不同文化的价值观和行为规范2.2.2培养跨文化沟通技巧：学习有效的沟通方法和技巧2.2.4应对跨文化冲突：学会处理文化差异带来的冲突和问题2.3跨文化商务沟通案例分析2.3.1成功案例分析：分析成功的跨文化商务沟通案例2.3.2失败案例分析：分析失败的跨文化商务沟通案例2.3.4实践应用：将案例分析应用于实际商务沟通中三、教学内容3.1跨文化商务沟通的基本概念3.1.1文化：定义和特点3.1.2跨文化：定义和特点3.1.3商务沟通：定义和特点3.1.4跨文化商务沟通：定义和重要性3.2跨文化商务沟通的主要方面3.2.1跨文化商务谈判：策略和技巧3.2.2跨文化商务礼仪：不同文化的礼仪规范3.2.3跨文化商务写作：写作风格和表达方式3.2.4跨文化商务口语：口语表达和沟通技巧3.3跨文化商务沟通的实际应用3.3.1跨文化商务沟通的实际案例3.3.2跨文化商务沟通的实际问题3.3.3跨文化商务沟通的实际策略3.3.4跨文化商务沟通的实际技巧四、教学目标4.1知识目标4.1.1了解跨文化商务沟通的基本概念和理论4.1.2掌握跨文化商务沟通的主要方面和技巧4.1.3理解不同文化对商务沟通的影响和应对策略4.2能力目标4.2.1培养学生的跨文化意识和适应能力4.2.2提高学生的跨文化商务沟通能力4.2.3培养学生解决跨文化商务沟通问题的能力4.3情感目标4.3.1培养学生对跨文化商务沟通的兴趣和热情4.3.2增强学生的跨文化商务沟通的自信心4.3.3培养学生的跨文化商务沟通的合作意识和能力五、教学难点与重点5.1教学难点5.1.1文化差异对商务沟通的影响5.1.2跨文化商务沟通策略的实际应用5.1.3跨文化商务沟通的实际案例分析5.2教学重点5.2.1跨文化商务沟通的基本概念和理论5.2.2跨文化商务沟通的主要方面和技巧5.2.3跨文化商务沟通的实际应用和案例分析六、教具与学具准备6.1教具准备6.1.1多媒体设备：用于播放相关视频和展示PPT6.1.2教学资料：包括教材、案例研究、相关阅读材料6.1.3模拟道具：如名片、合同样本等，用于模拟商务场景6.2学具准备6.2.1笔记本电脑或纸笔：用于记录重要信息和笔记6.2.2商务英语教材：用于课前预习和课后复习6.2.3跨文化商务沟通相关书籍：用于深入学习和研究6.3环境准备6.3.1安静舒适的教学环境：确保学生能集中注意力6.3.2小组讨论区域：设置小组讨论的桌椅布局6.3.3模拟商务环境：如会议室布置，增强实践感七、教学过程7.1导入新课7.1.1引入话题：通过提问或时事新闻引入跨文化商务沟通7.1.2激发兴趣：分享相关案例或故事，激发学生兴趣7.1.3明确目标：介绍本节课的学习目标和内容7.2知识讲解7.2.1讲解理论：介绍跨文化商务沟通的基本概念和理论7.2.2案例分析：分析跨文化商务沟通的案例，加深理解7.2.3技巧训练：讲解和练习跨文化商务沟通的技巧7.3实践活动7.3.1小组讨论：分组讨论跨文化商务沟通的案例或问题7.3.2角色扮演：模拟商务场景，进行角色扮演练习7.3.3案例分析：分析实际案例，提出解决方案7.4.3反思与改进：鼓励学生反思学习过程，提出改进建议八、板书设计8.1课程8.1.1商务英语跨文化商务沟通8.1.2教学目标和内容概览8.2知识点讲解8.2.1跨文化商务沟通的基本概念和理论8.2.2跨文化商务沟通的主要方面和技巧8.2.3跨文化商务沟通的实际应用和案例分析8.3教学过程8.3.1导入新课：话题引入和兴趣激发8.3.2知识讲解：理论介绍和案例分析8.3.3实践活动：小组讨论、角色扮演和案例分析九、作业设计9.1阅读作业9.1.1阅读教材相关章节：加深对跨文化商务沟通的理解9.1.2阅读相关案例研究：分析不同文化背景下的商务沟通9.1.3阅读相关书籍或文章：拓宽知识面和视野9.2实践作业9.2.1模拟商务沟通场景：进行角色扮演练习9.2.2分析实际案例：提出解决方案和策略9.2.3小组讨论：分享跨文化商务沟通的经验和技巧9.3反思作业9.3.2提出问题与建议：对教学过程提出问题和建议9.3.3设定学习目标：明确下一步的学习目标和计划十、课后反思及拓展延伸10.1教学反思10.1.1教学效果评估：评估学生的学习效果和参与度重点和难点解析1.知识点讲解中的文化差异对商务沟通的影响（2.1）2.教学内容中的跨文化商务沟通的实际应用（3.3）3.教学过程中的实践活动（7.3）4.作业设计中的实践作业（9.2）对于每个重点环节的详细补充和说明如下：1.文化差异对商务沟通的影响（2.1）详细补充：深入讲解不同文化在语言、非语言、商业习俗和法律方面的差异，以及这些差异如何影响商务沟通。
跨文化商务交际导论
跨文化商务交际导论跨文化商务交际导论一、概述跨文化商务交际（Cross-cultural Business Communication）是一门介于文化语言学科和商务管理学科交叉融合的新兴学科，是指在国际贸易、国际投资、国际金融、国际工程施工、国际联合研究、国际职业拓展及国际文化传播等方面，研究不同文化背景下的人在进行商务活动时的沟通交流方式。
跨文化商务交际是培养商务人员在跨文化领域内从事商务活动所必备的能力，因此也被称为“商务跨文化能力教育”。
跨文化商务交际不仅包含语言交流，还应当涵盖文化差异的认知、文化背景的熟悉以及语言交流技巧等多方面内容，在当今社会经济全球化的大背景下，跨文化商务交际技能已成为企业优秀人才的基本要求。
二、基本内容1.跨文化商务交际的基本概念：（1）概念跨文化商务交际是指企业、组织在拓展国际市场、开拓国际业务等活动中，在实施国际战略时，探索文化影响下的商业交流模式，实现交际效果的一门科学。
（2）定义跨文化商务交际是指在国际贸易、国际投资、国际金融、国际工程施工、国际联合研究、国际职业拓展及国际文化传播等方面，研究不同文化背景的人在进行商务活动时的沟通交流方式的学科。
2.跨文化商务交际的基本内容（1）文化差异文化差异是国际商务活动中，不同民族、不同团体之间具有明显不同的文化特性和价值取向的状态，是影响商务沟通的重要因素。
（2）文化背景文化背景指每一文化有其独特的文化特征，可以帮助人们理解彼此的做法和思维方式，为了有效地实施跨文化商务交际，必须有效地探索和了解不同文化的基本特点。
（3）语言交流语言交流是指双方运用不同语言在跨文化商务实践中实现有效沟通的过程，需要根据语言和文字之间的关系洞察语言的双重性、多样性以及有效表达语言信息的方式。
（4）沟通技巧沟通技巧包括言语表达技巧、语言表达技巧、文化表达技巧等，是跨文化商务活动中的重要组成部分，也是提高跨文化商务技能的关键因素。
三、结束语跨文化商务交际是一门介于文化语言学科和商务管理学科交叉融合的新兴学科，它涵盖了文化差异的认知、文化背景的熟悉以及语言交流技巧等多方面内容。
《跨文化商务沟通》第三章 跨文化非语言沟通课后练习
《跨文化商务沟通》第三章跨文化非语言沟通课后练习一、单项选择题共9 题1、（）The study of people's perception and use of space.A . gestureB . kinesicsC . expressionD . proxemics参考答案：D2、Facial expressions are important in human communication, and sometimes it could be misunderstood as the（）in cultural background.A . conversationsB . activitiesC . negotiationsD . differences参考答案：D3、Private space refers to the（）that people have for their own activities.A . groundB . roomC . bedroomD . space参考答案：D4、（）The process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages in a given situation or context.A . verbal communicationB . nonverbal communicationC . posture communicationD . face-to-face communication参考答案：B5、（）The nonverbal behavior related to the movement of the body or part of the body.A . proxemicsB . complementC . kinesicsD . mannerism参考答案：C6、（）It means that nonverbal behavior can support, but could not replace the verbal message in communication.A . complementingB . substitutingC . communicationD . negotiating参考答案：A7、（）It refers to the space that people have for their own activities.A . personal territoryB . personal freedomC . public spaceD . public environment参考答案：A8、Nonverbal communication is the process by which（）behaviors are used.A . verbalB . nonverbalC . gestureD . posture参考答案：B9、Posture often goes unnoticed to many people, owing to the（）in variety of cultures.A . manyB . changeableC . differencesD . variables参考答案：C二、判断题共10 题1、Nonverbal codes play an important part in communication or intercultural communication. 对错参考答案：正确2、A simple eye gesture might be interpreted in a diversity of meanings across cultures.对错参考答案：。
跨文化商务沟通的技巧与策略
跨文化商务沟通的技巧与策略随着国际交流的不断加强，跨文化商务已成为当前商业界的热门话题之一。
然而，不同的文化背景往往带来了沟通障碍，给跨文化商务带来了很大的挑战。
为了有效地解决这些问题，本文将讨论一些跨文化商务沟通的技巧和策略。
1.了解对方文化了解对方文化是跨文化商务沟通的基础。
这不仅包括了对语言的熟悉和语言交流技巧的掌握，还包括了对文化差异、礼仪和行为规范的了解。
例如，在西方文化中，直接表达和坦率地讲话被视为一种品质。
但在亚洲文化中，对话方式常常更加委婉、客气和谨慎。
因此，为了避免误解和冲突，我们需要了解对方的文化背景，深入了解其社会和商业环境。
在了解对方文化的基础上，我们才能够更好地理解、预测和解决跨文化商务中出现的问题。
2.避免使用口头语言和行话当你和来自不同文化背景的人交流时，避免使用口头语言和行话。
因为这些词汇可能只在你的本土文化中使用，可能会被其他人认为是难以理解或晦涩难懂。
因此，你应该尽可能地使用通俗易懂的词汇和措辞，以确保信息传递的清晰性和准确性。
3.倡导文化包容性对于跨文化商务，我们需要提倡文化包容性。
这意味着我们应该尊重和包容不同文化背景和社会习惯。
尽可能地与对方建立互信和合作关系。
这些关系的建立可以帮助我们消除文化障碍，促进不同文化之间合作和交流的顺利进行。
4.适当的肢体语言除了说话外，肢体语言也是跨文化商务沟通中非常重要的一部分。
肢体语言是跨文化交流的一种非语言表达和传达方式。
它与文化息息相关，但它们不同的文化背景可能会带来不同的意义。
例如，在一些文化中，握手代表着“欢迎”和“友谊”。
但在一些文化中，人们可以微笑、鞠躬或其他肢体语言表示对朋友或客人的欢迎和尊重。
因此，我们需要对跨文化肢体语言的差异进行深入的了解，遵循当地的礼仪和行为规范，并适当地调整我们的肢体语言和行为风格。
5.积极倾听和互动最后，跨文化商务沟通中还需要积极的倾听和互动。
这意味着我们需要认真聆听对方的观点，以确保双方的信息传递的准确性和清晰性。
跨文化商务沟通中的文化差异
重庆科技学院跨文化交流与沟通*****班级：国贸11-03学号：**********学院：法政与经贸学院题目：跨文化商务沟通中的文化差异跨文化商务沟通中的文化差异引言随着经济全球化的不断发展，跨文化商务沟通，也就是国内企业与国外企业的交往沟通越来越频繁，越来越密切。
在交往沟通过程中，由于种种文化差异的原因，经常会产生冲突，阻碍了双方的经济交往。
如何在交往沟通中避免冲突，就成为了人们关心的首要问题。
因此了解各国间的文化差异就显得格外的重要，否则将会引起不必要的误会，甚至可能直接影响跨文化商务沟通的实际效果。
这就意味着如何化解各国不同的文化背景在国际商务交往中是非常重要的。
正文一、主要的跨文化商务沟通的文化差异文化差异是指不同国家、不同地区、不同民族在历史、政治、经济、传统及风俗习惯等方面的差异。
在国际商务沟通中，由于参与者来自不同国家，受其政治制度、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、教育背景的影响，其文化背景存在着明显的差异。
不同文化背景的人，对同一件事、同一句话、同一个动作都有着不同、甚至相反的理解，中国古代哲人的名言“性相近，习相远”，也说明了这个道理。
主要的文化差异有：(1)商务时间观：文化不同，对时间的期求和处理的规则也不同。
霍尔把时间的利用方式分为单一时间利用方式和各种时间利用方式。
单一性时间利用方式强调“专时专用”和“速度”，北美人、中欧人和斯堪的纳维亚人具有此类特点。
多种时间利用方式强调“一时多用”，中东和拉美文化具有此类特点。
在商务谈判中，美国人视时间为金钱，而阿拉伯、南美和亚洲某些商务会谈可能一连数小时都不涉及正题。
因此，两个采用不同时间利用方式的经营者遇到一起时，就需要调整，以便建立和谐的关系。
(2)商务空间观：不同群体空间开放程度不同，如美国人工作时开门表示愿意与外界沟通，而德国人工作时喜欢闭门享受安静的空间。
空间占有欲不同，有的国家喜欢将所有的空间利益据为己有，而有的国家追求空间的合理规划和分工协作。
第十章 跨文化商务沟通
第三节 跨文化商务沟通中的障碍与对 策
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第十章 跨文化商务沟通
第一节 跨文化商务沟通的概述
经济全球化对在跨文化语境中从事商务活 动的经营管理者已产生巨大的影响。为达到有 效管理，经营管理者必须具有全球领导艺术及 跨文化商务能力。在激烈的全球市场中，跨文 化商务沟通能力已被视为赢得公司竞争力必不 可少的因素。研究跨文化商务沟通，首先要弄 清楚它的定义。
特点：企业海外总部的权力有限，分公司
基本上是自主经营的独立公司，企业管理人员
往往是本地人，公司有自己一套适合本土文化
和国情的人力资源管理体系，按当地的文化传
统2021组/10/1织0 生产经营活动。
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第十章 跨文化商务沟通
（三）分区而治的区域模式
实行这种模式的往往是一些大型的区域性 跨国公司。微软、摩托罗拉、西门子在中国的 分公司，都采用区域模式。
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第十章 跨文化商务沟通
（五）跨文化商务沟通
跨文化商务沟通是个新的概念，是不同文 化背景的经营管理者之间的沟通。跨文化商务 沟通由跨文化、沟通和商务三个变量组合而成， 这三个变量相互作用，有机组合，产生整合效 应。
二、跨文化商务沟通的模式与特点
要做好跨文化商务沟通，可以选择的模式 主要有：
按照南希•爱德勒的观点: 解决跨文化商务 沟通的文化差异有以下3 种方案可供选择:
1．凌越
所谓凌越是指组织内一种文化凌驾于其他
文化之上而扮演着统治者的角色,组织内的决
策及行为均受这种文化支配,而其他文化则被
压制。该种方式的好处是能够在短时期内形成
一种“统一”的组织文化, 但其缺点是不利于
博采众长, 而且其他文化因遭到压抑而极易使
智慧树知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试答案
智慧树知到《跨文化商务沟通》章节测试答案第一章1、The belief that your own cultural background, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is superior.culturecommunicationethnocentrismsender答案: ethnocentrism2、The total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.intercultural communicationculturebusiness communicationfeedback答案: culture3、A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior, or the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.ethnocentrismnoisecommunicationhorizontal communication答案: noiseand profits for both the individuals and organizations.lateral communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationintercultural communication答案: business communication5、The communication at the same level in an organization.horizontal communicationethnocentrismbusiness communicationlateral communication答案: horizontal communication6、When culture is contrasted with nature, it can be defined as “ life way of a population” in its broad sense, meaning what characterizes the particular way of life of a population.对错答案: 错7、Cul ture is all men’s medium; there is no aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.对错答案: 对8、The culture shown in an onion consists of two levels; a level of norms and values, or an invisible level of resultant behavior or artifacts of some form.错答案: 错9、Culture cannot be known without a study of communication, and communication can only be understood with an understanding of the culture it supports.对错答案: 对10、In the global village, neighbors communicate free of troubles and difficulties.对错答案: 错11、With the integration of language into the fabric of culture, confusion and dysfunction would reign and the culture would fail.对错答案: 错第二章1、A good mastery of grammar of one language can guarantee a successful communication.对错答案: 错2、Long before writing was developed,we learned to speak first.对答案: 对3、There should always be an attachment at the end of a business memo.对错答案: 错4、A recommendation report is to recommend something to others.对错答案: 错5、Which is not verbal communication?Chat with your leaders and colleaguesDiscuss an issue in a groupGreeting with a smileLeave a message答案: Greeting with a smile6、____ refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.NoiseMessageSourceContext答案: Noise7、It is a universal truth that language is by culture and in turn it __ culture.influenced, reflectsdisplayed, influencesdetermined, reflectsshaped, influences答案: influenced, reflects8、Why should we take notes during a business call?Listen attentivelyServes as a record to take follow-up actionReport on the call to someone elseReflect on the call答案: Listen attentively,Serves as a record to take follow-up action,Report on the call to someone else9、How can you identify your audience in preparing a business presentation?AgeAppearanceInterestOccupation答案: Age,Interest,Occupation10、Before making a business call, what kind of questions can you reflect?Do you need to report to your boss?Do you need to get information?Do you want to sell something, or convince the person of an idea?Do you need to ask for the person’s help or support?person of an idea?,Do you need to ask for the person’s help or support?第三章1、Nonverbal behavior reflects the speaker’s subconciousness.对错答案:A2、Depending on the culture,a smile can indicate joy and amusement, it can also indicate embarrassment.对错答案:A3、Posture is the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting.对错答案:对4、Intimate distance is most common when friends, old classmates, acquaintances and relativestalk.对错答案:错5、People in __ cultures usually view silence as lack of communication and are generally ____ with it.low context uncomfortablehigh context uncomfortablehigh context comfortable答案:low context uncomfortable6、Which of the following countries uses high-context language?CanadaGermanyJapanUnited States答案:Japan7、The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example, placing your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying “Please calm down so that I can speak” is a case of ____.complementingrepeatingcontradictingsubstituting答案:substituting8、Which statements are correct about nonverbalcommunication?Nonverbal behavior is easily controlledA smile sometimes doesn’t mean a sincere smileNonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we derive from conversation.Nonverbal communication is more than the complement of verbal communication.答案:9、How does nonverbal behavior control the pace or flow of communication?Gesture of stoppingClap handsRaise voice答案:Be silent Gesture of stopping Clap hands Raise voice10、Which of the countries belong to individualistic culture?ItalyAmericaFranceGreece答案:Italy America France第四章1、Power distance is a conceptual was developed by Hofstede to describethe extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequallythe power of multinational organizationsthe power differential between developed and less developed countriesthe power difference between men and women答案:2、Hofstede’s _ index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.value orientationcultural dimensionscultural valuespower distance答案:power distance3、These are the most significant studies of cultural values except ___.Hall's High- and Low- Context TheoryKluckhohn and Strodtbeck's five Value OrientationsFons Trompenars’s model of culture with seven dimensionsGeert Hofstede's six Cultural Dimensions答案:Fons Trompenars’s model of culture with seven dimensions4、The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is____.a view of hierarchical structure of social relationshipa view of group orientation of social relationshipa view of individual orientation structure of social relationshipnone of the above答案:a view of hierarchical structure of social relationship5、Low-context communication is characterized by explicit speaking.对错答案:对6、Chinese culture is high-context in comparison to western culture.对错答案:对7、Cultures with a large power distance are hierarchical cultures.对错答案:对8、At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.对错答案:错9、Power distance in Hofstede's cultural dimensions is roughly similar to the value Kluckhohn calls hierarchy.对错答案:错10、In a culture emphasizing masculinity, it is more possible for men to play a nurturing role.对错答案:错第五章1、Etiquette is simply showing respect for others.对错答案:错2、Etiquette refers to the guideline for knowing how to behave appropriately in all situations.错答案:A3、Kiss greeting usually happen between two men in the United States.对错答案:错4、It’s OK to write on someone’s business card.对错答案:B5、A handshake should be friendly or respectful gesture, not a show of physical strength. So we should not squeeze other’s hand too hard.对错答案:A6、Before a dish is served, napkins can be placed either on the plate or on the left of forks.对错答案:A7、You’re invited to a business dinner. When do you take your napkin from the table and place it on your lap?Open it immediately.Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before taking yours.Wait for the oldest person at the table to take his or hers.Wait for all the ladies to take theirs before taking yours if you are a gentle man.答案:Wait for the host to take his or her napkin before taking yours.8、Which of the following behavior is appropriate in a business dinner?Use the napkin to wipe your nose.Cut all the food in your plate into small pieces.Sip from the side of the spoon when eating soup.Use the knife with your right hand.答案:CD9、What are the benefits of humor in the workplace?Humor can reduce stress.Humor can block negative emotions.Humor can help people develop rapport with each other.Humor can help solve problems.答案:ABCD10、In many Asian countries, the way you treat someone’s business card is a reflection of:How serious you are about the outcome of the meeting.How much you respect them as a person.What you think of their country.company and title.答案:ABCD第六章and a potential cause of shame to the group.对错答案:A2、Whether an international business negotiation succeeds or not is not only determined by the strategies and skills used in formal negotiation, but also closely related to whether enough careful preparation has been made.对错答案:A3、In the opening phase, the atmosphere is the only factor we should consider.对错答案:错4、Bargaining strength refers to the degree of movement that is possible for each party with respect to individual issues on the agenda.对错答案:错5、In some Asian cultures, they will use communication to encourage harmony, preserve face, and develop ____ relationships.Short-termLong-termMiddle-termShort run答案:Long-term6、The purpose of bargaining is to settle the differences that stand in the way of an agreement. Settling the differences involves____.high-context and low-contextconcession andreappraisaladjustment and compromiseaims and objectives答案:adjustment and compromise7、The proposal should be based on a sound analysis of the buyer’s current situation, taking into account of ____ and ____ within which the transaction takes place.the commercial circumstances, the overall contextthe corporate credit, the bank accounting bookthe manager’s stability, the site selectionthe commercial invoice, the chief negotiator’s ability答案:the commercial circumstances, the overall context8、Differences in____, ____, and____ have a profound impact on how successfully the parties are able to negotiate or conduct business transactions.BehavingWays of thinkingManaging conflictHuman resources答案:9、The political system,____, and the counterpart may in some way determine the success or failure of the negotiation.The legal systemThe business systemThe financial systemInfrastructure and logistics system答案:ABCD10、The specific tasks of the opening phase are concluded: To explain the concrete issueTo create suitable atmosphereTo state proposal in opening phaseTodeclare for our intention。
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– Distinguish denotational and connotational meanings of words
Means of Human Communication
Verbal communication
– Using words that have mutually understood meanings and a set of rules
Nonverbal communication
– Edward T. Hall refers to it as the “silent language”
Example 2
I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision. That’s because I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense. In addition to that, most of our production is done in China now, and it’s not really certain how the government will react in the run-up to 1999.
Deductive VS. Inductive thought patterns
Deductive
Inductive
– From the general to the specific
– Western
– From the specific to the general
– Eastern
Example 1
Comparison between English and Chinese
Some words have the same denotational and conntational meanings.
There are also many words with the same denotational meanings but different connotational meanings.
The Relationship Between Language and Culture
1. The influence of culture on language 2. The influence of language on culture
The Influence of Culture on Language
Both denotational and connotatinal meanings are different in many other words.
Examples
Dove: peace
鸽子：和平鸽
Fox: cunning
狐狸：像狐狸一样狡猾
Owl: wisdom
猫头鹰：坏运气
The differences between languages represent basic differences in the worldview of diverse cultures.
Linguistic Relativity
Linguistic characteristics and cultural norms influence each other.
Strength Faith Truth
Business Implications
International businesspersons may encounter problems with such connotational meanings of colors.
International marketers need to know what associations certain culture has in terms of colors and how they might affect product design, packaging, and advertising messages.
Reality for a culture is discoverable in its language
Linguistic Determinism
Language structure controls thought and cultural norms
The world as each of us knows it is to a large extent predetermined by the language of our culture
Learning Objectives
– Distinguish linear and nonlinear language, deductive and inductive patterns
– Make cross-cultural comparisons of different pragmatic rules used in various speech acts and verbal styles
Culture is controlled by and controls language.
Language provides the conceptual categories that influence how its speakers’ perception are encoded and stored.
Cultural Impact on Verbal Communication
At lexical level At discourse level At pragmatic level
1. At lexical level
Denotational meaning Connotational meaning
Bat: an evil animal 蝙蝠：福，幸福，洪福
Cricket: a happy insect 蟋蟀：哀愁
Dragon: fierceness
龙：龙袍，龙的传人 (ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้hinese Dragon)
Culture Red Yellow Green Blue
Europe and North
Connotational meaning
– It refers to extended meanings or associated meanings.
– Connotational meanings have developed over time through use by people and especially by poets and writers.
Happiness prosperity
Safety Masculinity
Growth and Sweetness
rebirth
calm
Future Youth Energy
villainy
No special No special association association
Fertility virtue
Linguistic Determinism Linguistic Relativity
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Language not only serves as a mechanism for communication , but a guide to social reality.
Meanings of Words
Denotational meaning
– It refers to a definitional meaning depending upon our choice of word selection.
– Denotation means a dictionary definition.
The Influence of Culture on Language
2. Language as reflection of values
– Language reflects cultural values. – Language is a mirror of culture, because
language reflects human relationships, reflects the way the society operates. – Example: Chinese kinship terms reflect the importance of our family system.
Because of most of our production is done in China now, and it’s not really certain how the government will react in the run-up to 1999, and since I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense. So, I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision.