【知识讲解】必修二. Unit 5 Rhythm

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语法 时间、让步、原因、结果、目的
★核心单词讲解
1. effect
1)效果;作用 2)招致;引起 The medicine had a good effect on me. 那种药对我有良好的功效。

单元知识
同步复习
Unit 5 Rhythm
教学目标
The scandal effected a sensation.那件丑闻引起了轰动。

【拓展】have an effect on/upon…对…有影响
take effect生效,起作用
come into effect 生效
side effect 副作用
cause and effect 因果
派生词:effective adj.有效的
effectively 有效地,实际上,事实上
2. perform
表演,演出;施行,执行,做
派生词:performer 表演者
performance 执行,履行(不可数);表演,演奏(可数)
perform one’s promise履行某人的承诺
perform an experiment 做实验
What play will be performed tonight?
今晚将上演什么戏剧?
His first performance in China will be given tonight.
他在中国的首次演出将会在今晚举行。

【perform和do的区别】
perform暗含出色地完成;do只是表示“做”
3. base
(1)n. [C]根基;底座,基底
The lamp has a heavy base. 这盏灯的底座很沉。

(2)n. [C](支持、收入、力量等的)来源,源泉,基础
These policies have a broad base of support. 这些政策受到了广泛支持。

(3)n.[C]据点;总部;大本营
The town is an ideal base for touring the area. 这个镇是在这一地区旅游观光的理想据点。

(4)以……为基础;把基础放在……(多用于被动语态);把总部等设在……
be based on…以…为基础/根据
搭配:base…on…把…基于
base…in…把…设在
You should base your conclusion upon careful research. 你应该以谨慎的研究为基础来下结论。

The story is based on facts.这个故事是以事实为根据的。

The company is based in Shanghai.该公司总部设在上海。

派生词:basis(复数bases) n.基础;缘由
basic a基础的,基本的
baseless 无根据的,尤缘尤故的
basement 地下室
baseball棒球
4. extremely
adv.极端;极其;非常
I’m extremely sorry for the delay. 对此延误,我深感抱歉。

It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task.
这是一项极其困难和危险的任务。

The information he offered us is extremely important.
他提供给我们的信息非常重要。

派生词: extreme极端/度的;偏激的,过分的;尽头的,末端的极端; 完全相反的事物
【拓展】go to extremes 走极端in the extreme 极度
5. audience
[ C ]听众,观众; 接见
There were a lot of audiences in the theatre.
有很多观众在剧院里。

Three thousand audiences crowded the concert hall.
三千名听众挤满了音乐大厅。

【注意】audience为集合名词。

作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数; 若表示组成该集体的分散个体时,其谓语动词常常使用复数。

能这样用的名词除audience外,常用的还有:class,family,team,group,crowd,crew,public 等
6. impress
印上;使(人)印象深刻
impress…on…把…印在
impress sth. on sb. 使某人牢记某事
impress sb. with sth 使某人牢记某事
The book didn’t impress me at all. 这本书没有给我留下一点印象。

【拓展】be impressed by/with 被……所感动; 对……印象深刻
leave/make a/an...impression on sh.
7. treasure.
n. 财宝,财富; 珍宝,宝物. vt. 珍惜
用法: treasure作“财宝”讲时,一般是不可数名词;作“珍宝,宝物等珍贵的东西”讲时,一般是可数名词。


可作及物动词。

There is much treasure in this tomb.
这个墓里有许多财宝。

We should treasure our friendship.
我们应该珍惜我们的友谊。

8. quit vt& vi. ( quit, quit, quitting)
(1)停止, 戒掉。

I’ve quit smoking.我已戒烟了。

They quit work at five.他们在5点钟时停止了工作。

(2)辞职; 离校;离任
He quit the show last year because of bad health.
去年他因身体欠佳而退出了表演。

(3)离开,迁出,搬离(住处)
We decided it was time to quit the city.
当时我们决定,该离开城市生活了。

【搭配】quit doing sth停止做某事quit to do sth.停下来做某事
9. go on to do sth & go on doing
go on to do sth指“接着做另一件事”,即接下去做与原来不同的事情。

That’s all for the text. Now let’s go on to learn the grammar.课文就讲到这里。

迦在让我们接着学语法。

go on doing sth.意思是“(停顿以后)继续做某事”或“不停地做某事”,即做原来在做的那件事。

It was raining, but the farmers went on working( = kept on working) in the fields.
天在下雨,然而农民们还在田里不停地劳动。

go on with表示“间断后做原来没有做完的事情”,后接名词,不能接-ing形式。

After a rest, they went on with the work.
休息之后,他们继续劳动。

10. include
包括;包含; 使某人(物)成为整体中的一部分
The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
旅游项目中包括参观科学博物馆。

including可看作为一个介词。

如果名词在前,则用included,即China included.。

Many people,including my mother(= my mother included),want to buy this kind of cloth.
许多人,包括我的母亲,都想买这种布料。

【注意】也有语法家把includmg看作单纯的介词,称之为“分词介词”。

如:considering (考虑到),concerning (关于),following (在…之后)等。

【辨析】contain与include的区别
两者都有“包含”之意,但contain侧重内容,可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或一部分;include侧重“范围”,只能用于表示所含之物中的一部分。

11. disappointing
disappointing adj.令人失望的disappointed “失望的”disappoint vt.使失望
be disappointed to do 失望做
be disappointed that …失望的是
be disappointed in…对…感到失望
The film disappointed him.影片使他失望。

From the disappointed look, I knew he failed the test again.
从他脸上失望的表情来看,我知道他考试又没及格。

I’m disappointed to hear that the game had been cancelled.
听到这场比赛被取消的消息我感到很失望。

I’m disappointed that I failed the exam.
我失望的是我考试没及格。

12. relate
be related to与…有联系;与…有关
I can’t relate those two ideas.
我无法把那两个观点联系起来。

I can’t relate what he does to what he says.我不能把他所做的与他所说的联系起来。

two related questions两个相关的问题
All things were related to all other things. 事与事之间是相互联系的。

13. throughout
prep.遍及;自始至终;贯穿整个时期adv. 到处,自始至终
He stayed there throughout the month.
他在那儿待了整整一个月。

She complained throughout the journey.
一路上她抱怨个不停。

They searched throughout the house.
他们满屋子搜查。

★重点短语
1. be filled with
表示“充满”,还可用be full of来表示“充满”
The cup is full of tea. 杯子里装满了茶水。

He filled the cup with water.
=The cup was filled with water. 他把杯子装满了水。

The future is full of hope. 未来充满希望。

2. pick up一词多义
(1)捡起,拾起
pick up one’s hat拾起某人的帽子
(2)(偶然)得到,学会
How did you pick up French? 你怎么学会法语的?
(3)(车辆等)中途接人,搭载
The train stopped to pick up passengers.
火车停下来搭载乘客。

(4)恢复健康; 振作精神
A bit of something might pick you up.
吃一点东西也许能使你振作起来。

(5)pidc up接收(声音、信号等)
We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.
我们能收到英国广播公司国际广播节目。

(6)pick up 染上
pick up a bad habit染上坏习惯
【注意】该短语还可用作:become/get used to,become/get强调动作,表渐渐适应/习惯;be表状态。

I’m used to getting up early我习惯早起。

Don’t worry——you’ll soon get used to his sense of humour.
别担心——你不久就会适应他的幽默感的。

【拓展】used to的否定形式为used not to, usedn’t to, did not use to 以及didn’t use to
He used to smoke, usedn’t he/ didn’t he?
【辨析】used to与would
used to指过去常常做某事而现在不再做了,可用来说明动作或状态,只表示过去情况,不与具体时间状语连用;would也表示过去常常做的动作,但只表示重复性动作,强调习惯性,不表示情况,也不表示状态。

He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing of all.
他有时候在那里一坐就是几个小时,什么事也不干。

4. in other words
换句话说,也就是说,换言之,常位于句首,用来对前面所说的话进行解释。

I don’t want to go now. In other words, I prefer to wait a while.
我现在不想去,换言之,我宁可等一会儿。

They asked him to leave—in other words , he was fired.
他们让他离开——换句话说他被解雇了。

含word的词组小结:
have a word with sb.跟某人说句话
have words with sb.同某人争吵
receive/get /have word 得到消息
keep/break one’s word 遵守/违背诺言
get in a word/get a word in 插话
in a/one word 总之
in other words换句话说
word came that. .有消息说
talk big words 吹牛皮
in words用言语,口头上
5. be made to do sth.
be made to do sth.是make sb. do sth.的被动式
The slaves were made to work all day. 奴隶们被强迫每天劳作。

【拓展】下列动词(词组)后跟动词不定式作宾补时,可省去to,它们是:make (使),let (让),have (使),see (看),watch (观看),hear(听到),feel(感到),help (帮助),look at (看),listen to(听),notice(注意),observe (观察)。

Did you feel the earth move? 你感到大地在动吗?
Help me (to) lift this box. 帮我把这箱子抬起来。

【注意】这些动词(词组)在被动句中作谓语时,后面的动词不定式不能省去to。

They were heard to sing a song. 有人听到他们唱了一首歌。

He was made to work from morning till night.
他被迫从早上工作到晚上。

【助记】不定式,作宾补,下列词后省略to: —感二听三让,四看,五帮助。

若是宾补变主补,to字请问府。

6. as with 同…一样
as with为习惯用语,表示“同……一样”;是as it is the same with的省略。

As with hiking, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes.
同徒步旅行一样,你应该总是考虑你的安全和穿好衣服。

7. in between 在此期间
The house was near a park but there was a road in between.
房子在一处公园附近,但两者之间隔着一条马路。

I see her most weekends but not very often in between.
我周末大多都能见到她,但平时不常见到。

★重点句型
1. Another well-known folk dance is the Yangge, which is often performed on special occasions.
另一种著名的民间舞蹈是经常在一些特殊的场合表演的秧歌。

(1)【句法分析】这是一个复合句,which is...是一个非限制性定语从句。

(2 ) occasion n. 场合; 特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);时机;原因
I’ll speak to him about it if the occasion arises.
有机会的话,我要跟他谈谈这件事。

I’ve had no occasion to visit him recently.
我最近无缘去拜访他。

派生词: occasional adj.偶尔的,临时的; occasionally adv.偶然;有时候
2. They are dressed in beautiful costumes, skipping back and forth to the rhythm of loud drums.
他们穿着漂亮的服装,和着鼓点儿,扭来扭去。

【句法分析】这是个简单句:skipping back and forth to the rhythm of loud drums为现在分词短语作伴随状语,修饰前面的主语。

to prep. (together with)和着;和…一起
They were dancing to the music of barrel organ.
伴着手摇风琴的乐声他们翩翩起舞。

(3 ) back and forth 来回地
The tiger is pacing back and forth in his cage.
老虎在笼子里来回地踱步。

【短语】
here and there到处,处处
up and down来回地,上上下下
day and night日夜地,夜以继日地
early and late从早到晚地
to and from来回地,往复地
语言知识
状语从句:
①在时间和条件状语从句中,如果主句用将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。

②so thal既可以引导目的状语从句,又可以引导结果状语从句。

引导目的状语从句时,从句的谓语动词
通常和can, may, should等情态动词连用,而引导结果状语从句时,则不和情态动词连用;
③because不能与so连用;although/though不能与but连用,但可与yet连用;
④though,as(只用于倒装)倒装的可数名词是单数时,名词前面的冠词应省略;
⑤状语从句的句子结构完整,若不完整就可能是定语从句。

(2)because,since,as 与for 的区别
①强调直接的因果关系,说明原因或理由时用because。

②用来说明推断结论或作出决定的依据时用since。

③表示众所周知的原因或显而易见的原因,或者说明不充分的原因时用as,有时可与since互换。

④for也常引导表原因的分句,但for是并列连词,因此不能用于句首; for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明,且for前常有逗号。

(3)as,while 和when 的区别
①当主句的谓语动词表示短暂的动作,而从句的动作可以持续一段时间时,三个连词都可以用。

Tom broke his leg when/while/as he was playing football. 汤姆在踢足球时摔断了他的腿。

②当主、从句的谓语都是非持续性动作,而且两个动作几乎同时发生时,不用while,可用when或as。

I met him as/when I was getting off the car.
当我下车时,我遇到了他。

③从句的动作在主句的动作之前时,只用when。

I’ll ring you up when I return.
当我到了之后就给你打电话。

④当主句用进行时,而且从句的动作不能持续时,只能用when。

He was reading the novel when the teacher came in.
当老师进来时,他正在看小说。

⑤当主、从句的动作都在一段时间中发生时,可用while。

While he was in prison, Joe Hill continued to write songs to keep up the workers’ fight.
当他在监狱里时,Joe Hill坚持写歌,以持续工人的斗争。

⑥若主、从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意时,常用as。

As she was cooking, she was singing songs.
她一边做饭,一边唱歌。

⑦作并列连词时,while表示“对比”,而when表示“在那时”“然后”,相当于and then。

as—般不用作并列连词。

(4)before的特殊用法
①before引导的从句的动作尚未来得及发生,主句的动作就已经发生或完成, 意思是“不等、尚未……就”。

He ran off before I could stop him.
我还没来得及阻止他,他就已经跑了。

②before表示从句的动作发生得很晚,意思是“……才”。

They worked long hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.
他们长时间工作了好几个星期,才使得一切恢复正常。

③before引导的从句具有选择性,常和will, would连用,有“宁愿……决不”的含义(作介词用也是如此)。

The soldiers would fight to death before they surrendered.
士兵们宁愿战斗到死,也不愿投降。

④befere表示“不知不觉,还没弄清就……”时,常用于before + 主语+ know it
(5)so that引导的目的状语从句与结果状语从句
He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
他早起为的是能赶上第一班公共汽车。

He got up late, so that he missed the first bus.
他起晚了,因此错过了第一班公共汽车。

*so/such...that引导结果状语从句,句型有:
so adj. /adv. + that-clause
so + adj. + a( n)+ 单数可数名词+ that-clause
so many/few/little/much +复数可数名词(不可数名词)+that-clause
such + a( n) + adj. + 单数可数名词+ that-clause
such + adj.+ 复数可数名词+ that-clause
such + adj. + 不可数名词+ that-clause
Tom is so honest a boy that he never tells a lie. = Tom is such an honest boy that he never tells a lie. 汤姆如此诚实以至于从来不说谎。

*such…as引导定语从句。

He is such a lovely boy as we all like. (定语从句,as做从句中的宾语)
试比较:He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.(结果状语从句)
11 / 11。

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