翻译方法：词义的引申

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2. 词义的引申——词义具体化
34) 坚决反对 put one’s foot down; set one’s face against 35) 结为良缘 win the hand of 36) 截然不同 oil and vinegar 37) 家 丑 a skeleton in the cupboard; a family skeleton 38) 觉得可疑 smell a rat 39) 鲁莽的人 a bull in a china shop/bear foot 40) 告发 put the finger on 41) 恻隐之心/人情味 the milk of human kindness
10) do evil things openly 毫不隐讳地干坏事——明火执仗 11) very anxious to return home 回家 心切——归心似箭 12) accelerate the speed; speed up 快 上 加快——快马加鞭 13) have not cut off relations completely 没有彻底断绝关系——藕
and ate a lot, no more than a white elephant.
2. 词义的引申——词义具体化
44) 我们决不能姑息坏人。
We should never warm snakes in our bosoms.
45) 他在演讲中用了许多术语，使听众听了莫名其妙。
He used so many technical terms in his speech that the
翻译方法及技巧： 词义的引申
英译汉时，有时某些词并不能完全按照词典
词
的基本含义翻译，如生搬硬套或逐词死译，会使
义
译文生硬，令人费解，甚至可能造成误解。这时
的
应当根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的基本含义
引
出发，进一步加以适当的引申，选择比较适当的
申
汉语词语来表达，从而消除或降低语言差异给翻
译带来的损失，使译文与原文有同样的效果。
These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.
43）我们一直往前走吧！不要三心二意。
Let’s go straight ahead. Don’t be wavering.
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2. 词义的引申——词义具体化
兴) The corrections were marked in red. 修改的地方都用红笔标出。
18) Be honest about yourself, and you won’t go wrong. (Unit 3, Book I) 对自己的情况要照实说，这样准没错。
19) get the green light
19)得到许可
20) break the ice
20)打破僵局
21) put one’s cards on the table
21)表明观点
22) get cold feet 23) eat one’s heart out
22)胆怯 23)极度悲痛
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2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化
42) 他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。
He has many hot potatoes to handle every day. 43) 他新雇来的女佣人懒的出奇，饭量倒是很大，真是一
个无用而又累赘的东西。
His newly employed woman servant was extremely lazy 11
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2. 词义的引申——词义具体化
19) All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding. 大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。
20) No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work. 对他在工作中表现出的徇私作风谁都感到不满意。
27) 大吵大闹
raise the roof/make a scene
28) 公开认错
stand in a white sheet
29) 有花不完的钱 have enough money to burn
30) 话中有话
with the tongue in the cheek
31) 获得全胜
sweep the board
5) I’ll break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I can’t promise for sure.
我一定要尽最大的努力在星期五以前完成此事，但我不能说定。
6) By this means she cast in a bone between the wife and the husband.
断丝连 14) family 家庭——家庭成员 15) I looked up to find that another poor soul had met the same fate
as I had. (Unit 4, Book I) 我抬 头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我原先一样的命运。
16) Perhaps three days was long enough for the campus population to have forgotten me. (Unit 4, Book I)
10) make fish of one and flesh of another
10)厚此薄彼
11) keep sth. under one’s hat 12) be in sb.’s pocket 13) wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve 14) eat like a bird
5) class 班级——全班学生 6) press 出版——出版物；报纸；杂志；出版社 7) very timid 非常胆小——胆小如鼠
8) very strong 非常强壮——壮如牛
9) be full of anxiety and worry 十分观念——牵肠挂肚
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2. 词义的引申——词义具体化
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2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化
38）那位小伙子真是喝了大胆汤。 That young man has great courage, indeed!
39）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干嘛？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why
3) He is a rolling stone. I don’t think he can go far.
他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。
4) I must bare my heart to someone, or I shall go mad!
我一定要向人讲真心话，否则我会发疯的。
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2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化
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2. 词义的引申——词义抽象化
1. 将词义抽象化
英语中用表示具体形象的词或短语来表示某种特性、事物、概念等， 翻译此类词时，可将其作抽象化的引申，使译文流畅。例：
1) I was practically on my knees but he still refused.
我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。
2. 将词义具体化
英语擅长用抽象概念表达具体事物，抽象思维比较突出；汉语更倾向 于运用形象的方法表达抽象的概念。在翻译过程中，可以把根据语境 英语的某些抽象词作具体化引申。例：
1) transportation 运输——运输工具
2) advertisement 广告——广告内容 3) translation 翻译——翻译作品 4) committee 委员会——委员会成员
2) The two sisters were usually in agreement on most issues, but
they were at swords’ points on the political issue.
在很多问题上姐妹俩的意见通常是一致的，但在这个政治问题上，她们 是有激烈的争执的。
她用这种手段离间这对夫妻。
7) Life is full of smiles and tears. 生活充满了欢乐和悲哀。
8) If neighbors have changed, neighborhoods have not.
They still have the same parts.
如果邻居换了人，整个街坊不会变，街坊里该有什么还会有。
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2. 词义的引申——词义具体化
26) How often in introductions has a name failed to stick because your mind was on the way someone looked or acted? (Unit 3, Book I)
向你介绍别人时，有多少次是由于你在注意这个人的长相和动作而 没能记住他的名字？
should you get involved in it? 40）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。
I was extremely terrified by that news. 41）他万万没有想到在他前进的道路上会出现这么多拦路虎。
He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 42）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。
9) Writing the book brought the two closer, healing the