骨科的基本操作技术PPT课件
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
骨科的基本技术
骨科 魏建军
·
1
石膏固定技术 牵引技术 关节穿刺技术 骨折手法复位技术
·
2
石膏固定技术
石膏绷带 无水硫酸钙粉沫
·
3
石膏固定的优缺点
三点固定原理，固定确实，塑形方便， 便于护理
沉重，透气性差，影响摄片，关节僵 硬
·
4
用法：骨隆突部皮肤保护 衬垫
上肢：10-12层 下肢：12-15层 周径的2/3
–Apply stockinette to the extremity (optional). Be careful to avoid wrinkles.
–Measure the required length of splinting material. Then place an additional 3 layers of Webril® onto the layer that was used to measure the length.
–Carefully place splint in the desired location.
–Gently mold the plaster using the palms of your hands (not finger tips).
–Roll an elastic bandage over the splint, from distal to proximal with an overlap of approximately 50%.
–Examine the extremity for evidence of an open fracture, which would require cleaning, debridement, and specialist evaluation before splinting.
–Perform a detailed neurovascular examination before splinting.
·
11
–Place layers of dry plaster bandages onto the Webril®. In general, upper extremity splints require 8-10 layers of plaster, whereas lower extremity splints will require 10-15 layers.
Plaster bandages, available in 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-inch width sizes
Elastic bandages (Ace)
Adhesive tape
Biblioteka Baidu
·
9
Procedure
Important considerations before splinting
痛，控制炎症 7 某些软组织损伤：肌腱，肌肉，血管，神经
损伤
·
7
注意事项 1 平整，切勿将石膏绷带扭转后包扎，防止皱
折 2 塑型成型，符合肢体轮廓。下肢注意足弓塑
形 3 手指及足趾露出，观察血液循环，感觉和活
动能力。有剧痛，麻木及血运障碍及时松解， 防止发生缺血性肌挛缩和肢体坏死 4 注意注明时间，及表明伤口位置和开窗 5 防止骨质疏松和肌萎缩，鼓励功能锻炼
–Perform reduction if the fracture has significant displacement or misalignment.
–Obtain appropriate r· adiographic studies 10
General technique of applying plaster splints
–Place the wet plaster onto the cast padding (Webril®), and smooth the surface.
·
12
–Fold the overhanging edges of cast padding over the plaster and fold any excess padding over the ends of the splint.
老年体弱者 术前及术后的辅助治疗
·
16
SUCCESS
THANK YOU
2020/12/11
·
5
常用石膏固定类型 石膏托（plaster support) 石膏夹板(splint) 石膏管型(cast) 躯干石膏(trunk plaster)
·
6
适应症 1 小夹板难于固定的骨折，脊柱骨折 2 开放性骨折清创缝合术后 3 病理性骨折 4 某些骨关节术后：关节融合 5 畸形矫正术后：三关节融合 6 化脓性骨髓炎，关节炎，固定患肢，减轻疼
–Soak the layers of plaster bandages in room temperature water in bucket.
–Raise the layers vertically over the bucket, firmly holding each end of the roll in your hands. Remove excess water.
·
8
Plaster splints
Slightly warm (not over 24°C) water and bucket
Stockinette (optional)
Soft cotton bandage/undersplint material (e.g., Webril® padding), available in 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-inch width sizes
–Gently mold the splint again to the
·
13
extremity.
骨牵引技术
利用牵引力和反牵引力作用于骨折部位， 达到复位和固定的目的，也是肢体炎症 的制动和挛缩畸形肢体的治疗
·
14
类型 持续性皮肤牵引 持续性骨胳牵引 特殊类型
·
15
皮肤牵引 重量不超过5kg，注意腓骨头部的保护 适应症：小儿股骨骨折
骨科 魏建军
·
1
石膏固定技术 牵引技术 关节穿刺技术 骨折手法复位技术
·
2
石膏固定技术
石膏绷带 无水硫酸钙粉沫
·
3
石膏固定的优缺点
三点固定原理，固定确实，塑形方便， 便于护理
沉重，透气性差，影响摄片，关节僵 硬
·
4
用法：骨隆突部皮肤保护 衬垫
上肢：10-12层 下肢：12-15层 周径的2/3
–Apply stockinette to the extremity (optional). Be careful to avoid wrinkles.
–Measure the required length of splinting material. Then place an additional 3 layers of Webril® onto the layer that was used to measure the length.
–Carefully place splint in the desired location.
–Gently mold the plaster using the palms of your hands (not finger tips).
–Roll an elastic bandage over the splint, from distal to proximal with an overlap of approximately 50%.
–Examine the extremity for evidence of an open fracture, which would require cleaning, debridement, and specialist evaluation before splinting.
–Perform a detailed neurovascular examination before splinting.
·
11
–Place layers of dry plaster bandages onto the Webril®. In general, upper extremity splints require 8-10 layers of plaster, whereas lower extremity splints will require 10-15 layers.
Plaster bandages, available in 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-inch width sizes
Elastic bandages (Ace)
Adhesive tape
Biblioteka Baidu
·
9
Procedure
Important considerations before splinting
痛，控制炎症 7 某些软组织损伤：肌腱，肌肉，血管，神经
损伤
·
7
注意事项 1 平整，切勿将石膏绷带扭转后包扎，防止皱
折 2 塑型成型，符合肢体轮廓。下肢注意足弓塑
形 3 手指及足趾露出，观察血液循环，感觉和活
动能力。有剧痛，麻木及血运障碍及时松解， 防止发生缺血性肌挛缩和肢体坏死 4 注意注明时间，及表明伤口位置和开窗 5 防止骨质疏松和肌萎缩，鼓励功能锻炼
–Perform reduction if the fracture has significant displacement or misalignment.
–Obtain appropriate r· adiographic studies 10
General technique of applying plaster splints
–Place the wet plaster onto the cast padding (Webril®), and smooth the surface.
·
12
–Fold the overhanging edges of cast padding over the plaster and fold any excess padding over the ends of the splint.
老年体弱者 术前及术后的辅助治疗
·
16
SUCCESS
THANK YOU
2020/12/11
·
5
常用石膏固定类型 石膏托（plaster support) 石膏夹板(splint) 石膏管型(cast) 躯干石膏(trunk plaster)
·
6
适应症 1 小夹板难于固定的骨折，脊柱骨折 2 开放性骨折清创缝合术后 3 病理性骨折 4 某些骨关节术后：关节融合 5 畸形矫正术后：三关节融合 6 化脓性骨髓炎，关节炎，固定患肢，减轻疼
–Soak the layers of plaster bandages in room temperature water in bucket.
–Raise the layers vertically over the bucket, firmly holding each end of the roll in your hands. Remove excess water.
·
8
Plaster splints
Slightly warm (not over 24°C) water and bucket
Stockinette (optional)
Soft cotton bandage/undersplint material (e.g., Webril® padding), available in 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-inch width sizes
–Gently mold the splint again to the
·
13
extremity.
骨牵引技术
利用牵引力和反牵引力作用于骨折部位， 达到复位和固定的目的，也是肢体炎症 的制动和挛缩畸形肢体的治疗
·
14
类型 持续性皮肤牵引 持续性骨胳牵引 特殊类型
·
15
皮肤牵引 重量不超过5kg，注意腓骨头部的保护 适应症：小儿股骨骨折