定语从句学案
定语从句汇总讲解学案
◆英语谚语欣赏
1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.
不懂装懂，一事无成.
2. It’s the first step that costs.
千里之行，始于足下
3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.
甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.
Ⅰ. 概念：
(1)
定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）
常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 、but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who…not…, "没有……不……", 在从句中作主语，宾语) 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、where
The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
定语从句三步：
第一找出先行词；
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；
第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ几个关系代词的基本用法：
●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；
指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语)
如：
1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)
2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）
4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）
7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. = Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be。
= Our hometown is not what it used to be.
●which:
指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：
1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）
2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）
3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.
4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）
5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）
6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.
●who, whom, whose: who:
主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）
All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one
等后多用who.) Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）
He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.
比较：
He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise. He is the student who you think is
worth praising. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）
I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）
=I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a room the window of which faces south. There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come
关系代词作介词宾语:
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,
介词可放于从句之首,
也可放于从句之末.
但以放于句首较为正式.
（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who
和that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.）
This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？
= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with? The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)
●as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as 等结构中。如：
※I have the same book as you (have).
我有一本和你的一样的书。
Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as指示代词same 连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.)
※.---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now? --- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. Don't do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place
as you dream of in all this world.
比较：
I live in the same house that he used to live in.
I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.
比较：
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）
Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）
②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）
※As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）
=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health . =Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.
※He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)
Ⅲ. 关系副词引导的定语从句:
●When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：
time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）
He came last night when I was out. We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.
注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）
Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）
Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴwas launched, which has a great effect on my life. There are occasions when joking is not permissible.
●Where
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：
place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live.
注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that导which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
※This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）
The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail. Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane. The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.
※This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）
Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.
●Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则which或that 引导。
如：
The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语）
Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）
Ex.) He was late .That's because he got up late.
.He got up late. That's why he was late.(表语从句)
(the reason) why/for which he was late. (定语从句) 当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。
如: This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.
比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you. Ⅳ.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.
3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
This is the book I like best.
这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.
北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）
比较:
He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用
which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc. 1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. 2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. 3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. 4. He was proud, which his brother never was. Ⅴ.
几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:
●that & which: 在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people . 2.There's nothing that can be said about it .
3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
②先行词被
only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。
1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.
2.That's the very word that is wrongly used. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free. I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.
比较
*This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
1.This is the best that can be done now.
2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.
如：
1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.
2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.
⑥被修饰词为数词时
. 1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是
who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。
1. Which is the book that you like best?
2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词
.
如：
1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时
,
该关系代词宜用
that . 1. That's a good book that will help you a lot. 2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .
定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况
:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时
. 1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了
that, 另一个宜用which .
1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which . What's that which she is looking at?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. (B) who & that: who 和that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that
①先行词为
anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时
.
如：
1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.
2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .
3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once
4.I don't like the ones (= those ) who talk big.
5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.
②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人
如：
1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .
2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.
③当先行词有较长的后置定语时
.
如：
1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.
④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是
that ,另一个则宜用who, 以免重复
.
如：
1. The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard .
●
as & which: as & which
引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
①位置的不同：
which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的
句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as
可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：
1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.
2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或
Jack is an honest man , as you know.
或
As you know, Jack is an honest man.
②先行词的不同：
as
引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；
which
引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。
※
He was proud, which his brother never was.
（先行词是一个词）
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.
（先行词是一个句子）
He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.
③as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点" as we all know；
as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.
训练题汇总
◆
EX1.
用定语从句完成下列句子。
1．This is the most beautiful forest _ __(
我所见过的).
2．Dou Po Tang(陡坡塘) Waterfall, ___(位于贵州省的), is 105 meters wide and 21 meters high. ◆
EX2
用适当的关系词填空
. Have a try! ! ! 1. I will never forget the day __________ I first went to school. I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing. 2. The house __________ we visited is being repaired now. The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.
◆
Ex3
选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。
1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.
2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.
3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.
4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.
5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
◆
EX4
思考:
用五种方式（定语从句）翻译句子
这是他工作的工厂。
1. This is the factory he works.
2. This is the factory he works.
3. This is the factory he works in.
4. This is the factory he works in.
5. This is the factory he works in.
◆
EX5
思考:
介词+关系代词的情况介词+关系代词的情况（1）
The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city she lives in is far away.
介词+关系代词的情况（2）
Are these two sentences right? The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away.
介词+关系代词的情况（3）
Are these two sentences right? The man to who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city in that/which she lives is far away.
结论：
介词+关系代词的情况( 4)
下面两句中的介词能提前吗
? Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .
结论：
Sum up:介词+关系代词
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.
方法一:
根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配
方法二:
根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系
注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+
关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或whom; 不可用that 或who 代替。
◆
Ex6:
介词+关系代词的使用
1. Do you like the book she spent $10?
2. Do you like the book she paid $10?
3. Do you like the book she learned a lot?
4. Do you like the book she often talks?
5. He dug a hole he could got water from the lake.
6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.
7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________is the Yellow River.
8. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming.
9. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most __________ hadn’
t been cleaned for at least a year.
◆
EX 7 Practice A letter to Tom
我收到了你上周的来信.
谢谢你寄的照片.
我常常想起我们一起度过的时光.
你还记得那个湖吗?
我们在那还照过一张相呢.
和我们一起玩的那些朋友还好吗?
我昨晚做了梦，在梦里我们在上次去的那家电影院呢．另外,
我买到了你要的那本英语书.
周末有时间我将把书寄给你．
Dear Tom, I have received the letter you posted last week. Thanks for the photos you sent. I often think of the time we spent together. Do you still remember the lake where we had a picture taken? How are the children who played with us? I had a dream in which / where we were staying in the cinema which/that we went to last time. Besides, I have bought the book (that/which) you need . On the weekend when I am free, I will post it to you. Best wishes
2020届 二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 (2)
①阅读理解中的长难句； ②考关系词：语法填空（不给提示词）和短文改错（增删关系词、关系词用错）。 读句子，猜猜他是谁？ He is a player who is very famous in the world. Heplaysfootballwhichispopularallovertheworld. Heisamanwhosewifeisaworld-famoussinger. He lives in the country where the 2012 Olympic was held. Hewastheleaderoftheteamintheyearwhenthe18thWorld Cup washeld. Do you know the reason why he is so famous and successful? 定语从句
定语从句的概念 一、定语的概念 句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当，且定语往往翻译为“…的”。 即学即练 指出下列句子中的定语由何种词句充当： ①I have a pretty dog. 答案：pretty形容词 ②He is in the reading room.答案：reading现在分词 二、定语从句的概念 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词（跑在前面的词），定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。1)定语从句的结构： 圈出每句中被修饰的名词。 2/ 9
He is a player who is very famous in the world. Heplaysfootball which ispopularallovertheworld. Heisamanwhosewifeisaworld-famoussinger. He lives in the country where the 2012 Olympic was held. Hewastheleaderoftheteamintheyear when the18thWorld Cup washeld. Do you know the reason why he is so famous and successful? 指出如下句子的先行词、关系词和定语从句： The boy who broke the window is Tom ’s brother. He was the leader of the team in the year when the 18th World Cup was held. 先行词：the boy、the year 关系词：who、when 定语从句：who broke the window is Tom’s brother.when the 18th World Cup was held. 2)为什么有不同的关系词？ He is a player who is very famous in the world. 拆分：He is a player. The player is very famous in the world.（主语） 拆分句子，并观察先行词在从句中充当什么成分。 I have never seen the girl who you mentioned yesterday. She is the teacher who we want to visit. 即学即练
高一英语定语从句教案
高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。
定语从句导学案
定语从句导学案 定语从句 一、定义及相关术语 She is an English teacher (who likes singing songs . )先行词关系词/引导词 1.指代先行词teacher； 2.在从句中充当成分主语。 1.定语从句：一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或者代词之后，以补充说明该名词并使其具体化。相当于形容词，翻译成“的”。 2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词：which、that、who、whom、 whose 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语关系副词：when、where、why 二、关系代词关系代词 that which who whom whose 指代人/物物人人人/物在从句中作什么成分主/宾/表主/宾/表主/宾/表宾定语【练一练】用正确的关系代词填空。 1. The eggs _____________ were in the basket were not fresh. 2. The friend ____________ came to supper last
night wasn’t hungry. 3. The noodles ___________ you cooked were delicious. 4. I have a room __________ window faces south. 5. The girl _______________ I met is Lucy. 【注意】 that 与which 的区别 先行词指物时，引导词只用that不用which的四种情况： 1. 先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every ,all 等修饰时。 2. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 3. 先行词中既有人又有物时。 4. 先行词被the very, the only 修饰时。 先行词指物时，引导词只用 which 不用that 的两种情况： 1. 介词后。 2. 非限制性定语从句中。【练一练】 1. They had nothing ________ could cure of his disease. 2. This is the most impressive film _______ has ever been put on. 3. We have to consider the first thing ______ starts our work. 4. 5. 6. 7. That is the only way ______ leads to
高中英语定语从句导学案(1)
Period 1 Grammar (relative pronouns of attributive clause sⅠ) 【学习目标】 1.To know some basic definitions, such as attributive clauses (定语从句), antecedent (先行词), relative pronouns（关系词）. 2.To learn how to choose a relative pronoun — that,which,who,whom,whose,as. 【学习重点与难点】 Important point: To grasp the way of selecting a relative pronoun. Difficult point: To identify the sentence parts (subject or object) that relative pronouns function as in attributive clauses. 【使用说明与学法指导】 1、带着预习案中问题导学中的问题自主设计预习提纲，对概念进行梳理，作好必要的标注和 笔记。 2、认真完成基础知识梳理，在“我的疑惑”处填上自己不懂的知识点，在“我的收获”处填写自 己对本课自主学习的知识及方法收获。 3、熟记relative pronouns of attributive clauses基础知识梳理中的重点知识。 预习案 一、问题导学 观察句子。 1.The boys are from Class One. They are playing basketball. → The boys who are playing basketball are from Class One. 2.The student is Wang Kun. The teacher has praised him. → The student whom the teacher has praised is Wang Kun. 3.The factory is over there. It produces cars. → The factory which produces cars is over there. 4.Football is a game. Most boys like football. → Fo otball is a game which most boys like. 二、知识梳理 1. 定语从句：一个句子作_______，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词。 2. 主句中被修饰的名词或代词叫_________。引导定语从句的词叫做_______。 3.关系词的三个作用：指代_________；位于定语从句句首，引导整个____________； 关系词在定语从句中________(作/不作)成分。 三、预习自测 请找出下列句子中的先行词和关系词。 1.The boy who is wearing a black jacket is my friend. 2.That’s the girl whom I teach. 3.The cake that my mother made is for my birthday. 4.He lent me the book which you talked about yesterday. 5.They all enjoyed the story that I told. 6.The man who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 7.There is an old man who wants to see you. 8.The problem that we are facing now is how to collect so much money. 9.These are the trees which I planted last year.
定语从句学案
定语从句知识应该掌握到什么程度 Learning aims: 1. 关系副词where/when/why引导的定语从句 2. 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句 1.关系副词引导定语从句 在定语从句中，关系副词主要有3个：when, where和why. 1）when 在定语从句中表时间，作状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如：time, day, season, age, occasion 等。 I can’t forget the night when I came to the farm. 翻译：__________________________________________________ 2)where在定语从句中表示地点，作状语，其先行词通常是place, city, town, factory, table, village, house等表示地点的名词 situation, case, condition, point等表示 抽象意义的名词。 The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 翻译：____________________________________________________ The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 翻译：____________________________________________________ 3) why在定语从句中表示原因，作状语，先行词一般是reason. That is the reason why I did so. 翻译：___________________________ I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 翻译：_____________________________________________________ 【注意】 1)并非先行词表示时间、地点或原因时,引导词就用when, where 或why;若定语从句中不缺 状语而缺主语或宾语则须用which或 that引导定语从句。 I’ll never forget the days______ we worked together. I’ll never forget the days ______we spent together. Do you know the reason ______he failed in the exam this time The reason _____he gave me was reasonable. 2) when, where, why,引导的定语从句可用“介词+which”来替换。其介词可根据先行词和 定语从句中的谓语动词来判断。 A.when相当于at/in/on/during等+which. The date on which he joined the Party was July 1，1984. 翻译：
定语从句导学案全
Attributive clause(定语从句) 定义: 定语：修饰名词或者代词，翻译为“……的”the beautiful girl the handsome boy the lovely dog The girl in blue 定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。一般放在名词或代词后面The boy who is reading is Tom. Hospital is a place where a doctor works. 关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词 （that,which,who,whom,whose）和关系副词(when,where,why)。 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 限制性定语从句 第一部关系代词的使用 Task 1: 1、勾画出以下句子的关系代词 2、勾画出以下句子的定语从句 1）The limit that/which may prevent us from realizing our dream is our doubts of today. 2）The man who/that seeks something will be young forever. 3）The dream whose main content concerns about love will brighten the world. 4）The man whose dream has been forgotten will be forgotten by future. 5）Those guys who/whom/略God helps are people who/that never give up. 6) The dream which/that/略people hold should be always positive. 关系代词有_________________________________________________________ Task 2根据上题总结关系代词的用法。 先行词关系词在定语从 句中作主语关系词在定语从 句中做宾语 关系词在定语从 句中做定语 指人 指物 Conclusion: (1)当定语从句中缺少主语或者______的时候，用关系词_______________。 (2)当定语从句中缺少定语的时候，用关系词_________________。 (3)当定语从句中主语、宾语和定语都在的时候，用关系词_______________。问：什么情况下关系代词可以省略？ 注意：1、whose可指人或者物，修饰名词或者代词，在定语从句中充当定语。
2020届 二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 (1)
定语从句
必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句： 一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom 在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语 时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which，指人时相当于of whom。 (2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 二．that、which引导的定语从句 1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物 均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. 2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、some、none、little few、the one等时； I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、
定语从句导学案和答案
定语从句导学案 你如何给“成功”、“银行家”、“人类”“美”“婚姻”这些词下定义呢？现在我们来看看这几则定义吧： 1. SUCCESS A successful man is one makes more money than his wife can spend. A successful woman is one can find such a man. 2. A banker is a fellow lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain. 3. Human beings are the only creatures on earth ，allow their children to come back home. 4. Beauty is the first present nature gives to woman and the first it takes away. 5. Marriage is an institution in a man loses his bachelor's degree and the woman gets her master's. 怎么样？是谁在说定语从句枯燥无趣的？我们再来看看充满智慧的名言，给它们添加上合适的关系词： 1 . A friend ____ you buy with presents will be bought from you.用礼物“买来”的朋友终会被买走。 2. Friendship is the golden thread ____ ties the hearts of all the world. 友谊是一根金线，把全世界的心连在一起。 3. Chances favor the minds ____ are prepared. 机遇总是降临到时刻做好准备的人身上。 4. If you wait, all ____ happens is that you get older. 如果你等待，发生的只是你变老。 5. He ____ falls today, may rise tomorrow. 今日失败的人，也许明日就会奋起。 6．The worst bankrupt is the person ____ has lost his enthusiasm.最惨的破产就是丧失自己的热情。 7. Courage is the ladder on ____ all the other virtues mount.勇气是一架梯子，其他美德全靠它爬上去.。 8. Never leave that until tomorrow, _____ you can do today . 今天的事不要拖到明天 9. Love should be a tree ____ roots are deep in the earth, but ____ branches extend into heaven. 爱情之树应该深深扎在泥土中，而其枝条则要伸展于广阔的天空。 10. Home is the place ____ ,when you have to go there , it has to take you in. 无论何时何地家永远是向游子敞开大门的地方。11. The only thing ____will stop you from fulfilling your dreams is you. 惟一阻挡你实现梦想的就是你自己。 12. The dictionary is the only place ____success comes before work. 只有在字典中，“成功”才会出现在“工作”之前。13. The shortest word ___I know is “I”. The sweetest word ____I know is "love".The only person ____I never forget is "you!" （不必翻译了吧？你懂的！） 现在请你看看下面的答案，看自己做对了多少：1. (who/that/whom) 2. which/that 3. which/that 4. that(先行词是指物的不定代词时一般用that) 5. who/that 6. who/that 7. which（介词后不用that哟）8. which（先行词是that, 我们就别重复用了吧，还有，看到逗号了吧？这是一句非限制性定语从句）9. whose, whose 10.where 11. that 12. where 13. 这三句甜言蜜语中的关系代词that均可省略 掌握定语从句的用法，必须突破以下难关： 我们见到定语从句时一定要仔细分析一下定语从句的含义。不要一见到先行词是时间或者地点名词就用when或where引导，而应看看引导词在定语从句中应作什么成份。如果作时间、地点或原因状语才能用when，where和why。也可以分析一下定语从句中是否有主语或宾语。如果既有主语又有宾语，可以用when, where或why引导；假若没有主语和宾语，那么就要考虑是否用that或which来引导了。如: A. Do you still remember the day_____ we met? B. Do you remember the day_____ we spent with professor Li in Xi’ an? 类似的例子还有： C. This is the place____we visited last year. A.where B、which C、to which D、by which). （选B . which是关系代词作宾语，指物） D. We will visit the place ____ he worked three years ago. A.where B、which C、that D、by which). （选A. where是关系副词作状语）。 E. I went to Beijing last year, ____ I visited the
高中英语定语从句导学案
定语从句 Step I Think it over ( 想一想) 定语从句的定义及相关术语。 (1) 定语从句：修饰某一个________ 或 _________ 的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句在句子中起 _________ ■乍用，有时也可以修饰一个句子。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫做___________ 定语从句必须放在先行词的___________ < (3) 关系词：引导定语从句词叫做关系词。关系词包括_________________ 和_______________ 。 引导定语从句的关系代词有：___________________________________________________ 引导定语从句的关系副词有：________________________________________ 关系词通常有两个作用A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分。 (4) 定语从句分为___________ 性定语从句和__________ 性定语从句两种。 形式上：限制性定语从句前_________ 号和主句隔开。 非限制性定语从句前_________ 号和主句隔开。 意义上：限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分。 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思。 Step 川Have a try ( 试一试) 根据以上表格填空，每空可填多个词 1. This is the factory ____________________ we visited last week. 2. This is the watch _____________________ Tom is looking for. 3. The person _____________________ you spoke to is a student of Grade Two.
高中英语定语从句精华版教学案
定语从句 思维导图 易考易错点总结 定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句外,还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括: 1．考查如何正确选择关系词 解题思路:找出从句,确定被修饰词,即先行词→将先行词代入定语从句,判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语、表语、定语,则选择关系代词；若作状语则选关系副词。 2．考查whosｅ的用法 whｏse可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时，ｗｈose+名词＝名词+ｏｆwhｉｃh=of ｗhiｃh＋名词。如：Ｔhｅclassrｏｏｍwhoｓｅｄoor/the ｄｏｏｒof ｗhｉch／oｆwｈich tｈｅｄoor is brokｅn ｉs on ｔhe sｅcond fｌoor. 3．考查as/whｉcｈ引导的非限制性定语从句 尤其要重视wｈicｈ,aｓ引导的非限制性定语从句和tｈat,whａｔ引导的主语从句的区别。 4．考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。 如：I，ｗho aｍyoｕｒｃlｏｓe frｉend，will trｙｍｙbest to help you ｗhｅｎｅver you ａｒｅin trouｂle. 5.考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 ①“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词指人时用whoｍ,指物时用ｗｈｉｃｈ，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用ｗｈose。 如:The teacheｒiｎｆrｏｎt of whｏse housｅstands ａtall tｒee isｖery patiｅｎt wｉth his studｅnts. ②同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。 如：(1)He loves hｉs parenｔs deｅplｙ，bｏｔh oｆwhｏｍareｖeｒy kｉnd to him.（定语从句) (2）Hｅlｏves hiｓparents deeｐlｙａnd boｔｈof tｈem aｒe veｒy kind ｔo him.(并列句) ③此外，“介词+which+名词”结构也是一个较为特殊的结构。 如:Hｅwａs verｙill, in whiｃｈcaｓe(＝and in tｈｉs casｅ）we ｓenｔhｉｍｔo h
定语从句学案3
定语从句学案3 Fill in the blanks: 1. You can take any book ____ interests you best. 2. People like to live in a place _____ there’s fresh air and little noise. 3. The girl __________ you saw at the meeting is a well-known swimmer. 4. He is the very worker ______ picture we saw in the newspaper yesterday. 5. He was very happy on the day ______________ he entered the university. 6. Is that the student _______ you lent your dictionary? 7. The little hero, ____ has given his life for his country, will always live in the heart of the people. Comparison 1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. 2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital. 3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him. 4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him. Fill in the blanks with proper relative words. 1. The famous basketball star, ____ is an American, came to China yesterday. 2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black, with _____ she had a wonderful time. 3. I bought a car yesterday, _____ cost me a lot. 4. Xi’an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July, _____ he won’t be so busy. 6. The school, _____ I once studied, was built thirty years ago. Example 1. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _____ was true. 2. __ we all know, he is good at English. Conclusion 1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时, as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。Practice 1. __ is expected, the England team won the football match. 2. Don’t talk about such things ____ you don’t understand. 3.The result is not the same ___ they had expected. 4. ___ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin. 5. It rained hard yesterday, _____ prevented me from going to the park. 6. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. 7.The earth is round._____ is known to all. 8.The earth is round,_____ is known to all. 9._____ is known to all, the earth is round 10______ is known to all that the earth is round. 11.He is often late, ___________ is not surprising. 12.He failed in the exam, ________ made his mother very angry. 13.His dog died, ________made him very sad. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于： (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。 (2)当与such 或the same 连用时,一般用as (3) as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。 ? 1.固定句型： ?The same …..as ; such…. as ?I shall do it in the same way as you did. ?I want to buy such a book as you have. ? 2.说明整个句子，可放在主句前 ?As we all know=As is known to all, he studies hard. ?As is said above, ….. ?As is often the case,…. ?As is reported in the newspaper,….. Complete the following sentences and compare: This is such an interesting book ____ we all like. This is so interesting a book _____ we all like. This is such an interesting book ____we all like it. This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.
(完整版)高一定语从句学案
定语从句 学习目标 1.定义及术语 2.比较关系词 3.区别几种句型 1.定语从句及相关概念 定语：可由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词等充当。 如果是一个句子充当定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. (1).概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 先行词关系词 (2). 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：引导定语从句的词。 (3).关系词: 关系代词:that which who whom whose as 等 关系副词:when where why 等 (4).定语从句的分类： （1）限定性定从：与先行词关系密切，必不可少,它与先行词之间无逗号。 （2）非限定性定从：是先行词的一个附加说明，去掉也不影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 He was reading a book, which was about war. His son who works in Shanghai has come back. His son, who works in Shanghai, has come back. ( ) (5). 各关系代词的使用方法 （ A ）who, whom, that 代替先行词指人的名或代词，who代人，在从句做主语，也可代替作宾语的whom，前不能有介词，如有介词则必用whom（指人结构：介词+whom）。 如:The girl who /that is dressed in red is my sister. (做主语) I don’t know the man (who/whom/that) you talked with. (做宾,省) 1. Women____drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____don’t. A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; / 2. He is the only one of the students who ______a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom (B)whose指人或物，只做定语.若指物，还可用of which互换。 I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.（＝her ） Please show me the bag whose cover is red. The boy whose father is a worker studies very hard. The book whose cover is green belongs to me. (=of which the cover =the cover of which) 1. George Orwell, _____was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 2. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _____roof is under repair. A. whose B. which c. of which D. what 3. Have you seen the film Titanic, ____leading actor is world-famous? A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which 4. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _____effects the people are still Suffering.