科技英语翻译2
《科技英语翻译》课程练习二
《科技英语翻译》课程练习二答案一、翻译以下专用词汇cap帽子—轴承盖,罩壳shoe鞋—闸瓦,履带片cup杯子—皮碗,轴套bed床—底座,机座身house房子—箱体,罩disk唱片—研磨盘desk书桌—控制屏table桌子—放料盘eye眼—孔环ear耳—吊钩mouth口—开度nose鼻—喷嘴hand手—手柄,指针finger手指—厚薄规foot脚—支座head头—冒口,刀架neck颈—座body身体—机身hair头发―游丝phase 土壤学:分段物理系:相电工学:相位数学:位相动物学:型天文学:周相军事学:战斗阶段resistance 力学:阻力电学:电阻机械学:耐受性、强度二、翻译以下名词化结构1) All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.译文:只要有足够的电位差,电流便可通过任何物体。
2) The rusting of metals is accompanied by increase in weight and by absorption of material from air.译文:金属生锈时常吸收了空气中的物质而增加了重量。
3) Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.译文:电视是通过无线电波发射和接收各种活动物体的图像。
4) The absence of an electron from a silicon atom can be thought of as a hole.译文:硅原子中缺少一个电子,可以看成是一个空穴。
5) The superiority of radar to ordinary vision lies in the greater distances at which seeing is possible with radar.译文:雷达相对于普通视力的优势在于利用雷达所能看清的距离比较远。
科技英语翻译1—4
The four types of sustainability include human, economic, social, andenvironmental. All four are required to maintain the entirety of life on Earth. Althoughinterconnected, itis importanttonotethedifferences of eachinterms ofits nature and requirements.The very basic need of humansustainability is good reproductive healthandsafe childbearing.Those that reproduce have the responsibility of caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and wellness. At some point, the childrenshould have enoughskills and knowledge suchthatthey cansustaintheir ownway of life. Itis atthatpointthatthey becomeconsidered as productive human capital as well as individuals that can go through the process of reproduction and rearing. As long as this process is maintained at a rate that all human systems can support, human sustainability should be no cause for concern.Insimple terms, economic sustainability is havinga set amount of capital for acertain period. Those who consume that capital must also conserve it so that they will continue to enjoy it towards the end of the specified period. This means thatwe must preserve all our resources as we consume them so that human beings inthe future can enjoy them as well. To achieve this, we must regenerate our resources at a rate that is equal to or faster than our consumption.Social capital is an important aspect of sustainability because it is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together. Without proper levels of social capital, it can easily deplete and violence as well as mistrustcantake over. Whenthathappens, societies andeverythingelsethat depends on them will be destroyed. Through proper maintenance of and adherencetolaws, rules, andvalues thatsocieties havedevelopedfor thecommongood, social sustainability can be achieved.Environmental sustainability is important because it involves natural resources that humanbeings need for economic or manufactured capital. Materials takenfromnature are usedfor solutions that address humanneeds. If nature is depletedfaster than it can regenerate, human beings will be left without raw materials.Furthermore,environmental sustainability also involves ensuring that waste emissions areatvolumes thatnaturecanhandle. If not, all humans andother livingthings on Earth can be harmed to the point of extinction.可持续性分类四种可持续性包括人类可持续性,经济可持续性,社会可持续性和环境可持续性。
科技英语翻译
1.To find the area of a square or oblong,you merely multiply its length by its width.将长乘以宽就可以得到这个长方形的面积。
2.This suggests that matter can be converted into energy.这就是说物质可以转化为能量,能量也可以转化为物质。
3.Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy.量子化学仍处于发展初期。
4.Even the protective environment is no insurance against death from lack of oxygen.即使有防护措施,也不能保证不发生因缺氧而死亡的情况。
5.In any amchine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction.任何机器的输入功都等于输出功加上客服摩擦所做的功。
6.Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions.地震通常比火山爆发更具有杀伤力。
7.Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating.应慢慢加热以避免出现局部过热现象。
8.How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air.燃料燃烧的速度取决于它与氧气或空气的混合程度。
9.Gene mutation is of great importance in breeding new varieties.在新品种培育方面,基因突变是非常重要的。
4.科技英语翻译基础2-yj
完成下列翻译
1.He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer. 2.The methyl group on the benzene ring greatly facilitates the nitration of toluene. 3.A graph gives a visual representation of the relationship. 4. The image must be dimensionally correct.
2、译成“(后)……才”
The train had left before he got to the station.
火车开了他才到车站
3、before与barely,scarcely, hardly连用, 译成“刚……就”
We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain. 我们刚离开学校天就下起雨来
第三章 科技英语 翻译基础
第三章 科技英语翻译基础
一. 二.
简介 单词译法
三.
四. 五.
词类转换的译法
句子成分转换的译法 词序转变的译法 被动语态 后置定语 长句(难句)
六.
七. 八.
汉、英的表达方法差异大: 英语:富于词形变化,词序比较灵活 汉语:缺乏词形变化,词序不灵活
多数情况,直译无法表达原文的意思。
是否改变词序?可以! -----只要译文正确,符合汉语表达习惯。
A six-carbon ring structure in the form of a hexagon with alternate single and double bond was assigned to benzene.
科技英语翻译试题2套
1答案请写在答题纸上。
Part one: Sentence Translation(30%)1.为此,必须对电路(circuit)的基本内容有一个很好的了解。
2.这个系数(coefficient)有待确定。
3.现有的教科书均没有提这一点。
4.由于反馈(feedback)在电子线路(electronic circuit)中起着重要作用,所以对它的研究极为重要。
5.有迹象表明,计算机的价格将进一步下跌。
6.这个方法的确管用,不过到底该在什么情况下使用它尚不清楚。
7.十年前该厂的产量比现在高五倍。
8.激光(laser)是二十世纪六十年代引入的一项新技术,它能穿透(pierce)特别硬的物质。
9.为使晶体管(transistor)正常工作,必须给其电极(electrode)加(apply)上合适的电压(voltage)。
10.代表磁场(magnetic field)的磁力线(magnetic line of force)是一些围绕该导线的同心圆(concentric circle)。
11.我们所谓的机器人(robot)实际上是能为人类做工的一种工具。
12.这类天线(antenna)和那类天线相比的优点是结构简单,效率高。
13.半导体(semiconductor)对光和热都很敏感(sensitive),这两者都对导电率(conductivity)影响很大。
14.只有通过对系统性能进行研究我们才能了解其优缺点。
15.本书既讲了实际的设计方法,同时也讲述了理论问题,而重点放在一般概念上。
Part two: Mistakes Correction(30%)(Write down the corrected sentence on the answer sheet. )1. We are easy to determine the effect of new drug to patient.2. The direction of an electric current was decided before electrons were not discovered.3. Sound travel much less faster than light is.4. The price for this instrument is expensive.5. There are a few exceptions for this rule.6. The hotter the body will be, the more it radiates energy.7. The feature of this device is small in size and light in weight.8. That professor is very interesting in this topic.9. Our semiconductor industry comes into being at the end of 1950s.10. The both engineers are busy to design a type of new computer.11. Work equals to force multiplying distance.12. The new design instrument is in good quality.13. The ability for some elements to give off radiations is referred as theradioactivity.Part three:Read this article, translate the underlined sentences(15%), answer the questions (15%)and then summarize this article within 100 words (10%).The Dazzle of Lasers(激光)The acronym(首字母缩写词)"laser," describes how the device works: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. In 1916 Einstein predicted that electrons(电子) in an atom could be deliberately stimulated to emit photons(光子) (light energy) of a certain wavelength. He was right. The laser must first be "pumped" with energy in a variety of ways so that the electrons are excited into higher energy states. But these high energy electrons are unstable--and fall back to a lower energy level. On the way down, their extra energy is released(释放)as light. That light is captured inside the laser and amplified by bouncing it back and forth between mirrors. The laser beam that emerges is amplified, monochromatic (单色的), coherent light --and it shines with an unearthly power.Not until 1960 did Theodore Maiman, a 33-year-old engineer at Hughes Research Laboratories, build a homely four-inch cylinder containing a ruby rod encircled by a flash tube: the world's first working laser.More than two decades later, the laser has wrought a technological revolution. Lasers are an indispensable tool for delicate eye surgery, and doctors are using lasers experimentally to destroy cancerous tumors(肿瘤), unclog(使畅通) diseased arteries (动脉) and even treat herpes(疱疹). Just as they provide new tools for health care, however, they also make possible new engines of destruction: recently Dr. Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb(氢弹), called on President Reagon to urge that the United States build a space-based laser-weapon system that would use a nuclear bomb to fire brutally intense laser X-rays against enemy missiles in flight.Today pilots flying the new Boeing 767 and 757 aircraft navigate with the aid of new laser gyroscopes(陀螺仪). Supermarket clerks use lasers to ring up prices at the checkout counter by "reading" universal bar-codes(条形码) printed on packages and canned goods. Powerful lasers cut and weld(焊) steel in factories from Detroit to Tokyo. Artists and filmmakers are beginning to use lasers for animation(动画): at Lucasfilm, George Lucas has a team of computer wizards(奇才) developing a machinethat uses a computer-driven laser to draw animated images on film; a second film, with human actors, is then merged by laser with the graphics into a single seamless (无缝的) whole.How does the laser work? Anyone who has ever focused sunlight through a magnifying glass and watched paper or dry leaves snap into flames understands the power of concentrated light. Laser light is intense, concentrated light, too, but it works on a different principle. Shine sunlight through a prism(棱镜) and it breaks into the glorious colors of the rainbow. In the scientists' vocabulary, sunlight is "incoherent" --it is made up of a mix of wavelengths spanning the spectrum(光谱)from infrared(红外线) to ultraviolet(紫外线). Laser light, on the other hand, is monochromatic and coherent-it shines at a single wavelength, and all the light waves march together in step like soldiers on parade(游行).In the two decades since its invention, the laser has undergone a dramatic transformation: a wide variety of gas, solid-state, diode(二极管) and other lasers has been created. Each shines at a different wavelength; some pulse on and off, others operate continuously.When the laser moved out of the laboratory, one of its first and most significant applications was as a medical tool. Lasers are commonly used for delicate surgery inside the eye. In treating blood-vessel disorders resulting from complications(并发症) of diabetes(糖尿病), doctors aim a fine beam of argon laser light(氩激光) through the pupil(瞳孔) of the eye and place up to 2000 tiny laser burns very closely around the back portion of the retina(视网膜). These laser "welds" prevent harmful growth or rupture(断裂) of new, unwanted blood vessels.The very properties that make lasers dangerous --power and heat--are also being put to use to destroy some kinds of brain and spinal(脊髓的) tumors. Lasers have brought a new frontier to neurosurgery(神经外科). They have made some inoperable tumors operable and high-risk tumors less high risk.Warfare is also changing as laser technology advances. Laser guidance systems have brought once unimaginable accuracy to artillery(炮). In the near future, higher-intensity lasers may be used to blind the electronic sensory systems of aircraft, missiles, tanks and ships. And ultimately, some visionaries insists, the globe could be surrounded by a platoon(排) of orbiting battle stations armed with lasers capable of destroying planes and missiles within seconds of their beinglaunched.Just as they are opening new doors to medicine and military practices, lasers are also having a profound impact on communications. Instead of sunbeams, today's light-wave communication systems use laser light ricocheting through tiny glass fibers. Lasers generate light waves at extraordinarily high frequencies--in the range of trillions of cycles per second --which makes it possible to transmit enormous quantities of information. In addition, fiber-optic cables are cheaper than copper wire and are not subject to electromagnetic interference, or the annoying cross talk(串话) and static that plague(折磨) current systems. The big breakthrough was the semiconductor laser.Someday laser light may be piped through giant optic cables into deep ocean waters to create undersea farms; it may be beamed into space to talk to orbiting space stations. Lasers also may be used to fire extremely precise light pulses at DNA molecules, altering the structure of chromosomes(染色体) and thereby repairing defective genes --or even creating new forms of life. And eventually billions of lasers will link the world in a vast information network, a global village of light.1.How does the laser work?2.What is the difference between sunlight and the laser?3.Is the laser absolutely safe? If not, please explain.4.What are the advantages of the semiconductor laser in the communications field?5.In what fields is the laser applied?Part one:1.For this purpose, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the fundamentals of thecircuit.2.This coefficient remains to be determined.3.None of the textbook available mentions this point.4.Since feedback plays an important role in the electronic circuit, its study is very important.5.There is an indication that the price of computers will fall further.6.This method does work, but it is not clear in what condition it is that it should be used.7.The output of this factory 10 years ago is 6 times what it is now.8. A new technology introduced in the 1960s, laser can pierce very hard substances.9.For the transistor to work normally, it is necessary to apply a proper voltage across theelectrode.10.The magnetic lines of force representing the magnetic field are some concentric circlessurrounding the wire.11.What is called a robot is a tool which can do work for the human being.12.This type of antenna has the advantages over that one of simple structure and high efficiency.13.Semiconductors are sensitive to light and hear, both of which have a great impact onconductivity.14.Only through a study of the system’s performance is it possible to know its advantages anddisadvantages.15.This book discusses both practical design method and theoretical problems with emphasis onthe basic concept.Part two:1.It is easy to determine the effect of the new drug on the patient.2.The direction of the electric current had been decided before electrons were discovered.3.Sound travels much more slowly that light does.4.This instrument is expensive.5.There are a few exceptions to this rule.6.The hotter the body is, the more energy it radiates.7.This device is small and light.8.That professor is much interested in this topic.9.Our semiconductor industry came into being at the end of the 1950s.10.Both the engineers are busy designing a new type of computer.11.Work equals force multiplied by distance.12.The newly designed instrument is good in quality.13.The ability of some elements ot give off radiations is referred as the radioactivity.Part three:Translation:1. 20多年前,激光引发了一场技术革命。
科技英语阅读翻译
1all elements are composed of scattered units called atoms,which are the smallest particles than show the characteristics of the element. atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged elements ,and electrically neutral neutrons. protons and neutrons, which have almost the same mass,are clustered in the nucleus in the middle of the atom. electrons,which are tiny in comparison to the other units, move around the nucleus at high speed. atoms that have the same number of electrons and protons are electrically neutral. those that have got or lost electrons,and therefor are positively or negatively charged, are called ions.所有的元素都称为原子的散射单元,这是比显示的元件的特性的最小的颗粒组成。
原子是微小单位的物质组成的带正电的质子,带负电荷的元件和电中性的中子。
质子和中子,它们具有几乎相同的质量,聚集在细胞核内的原子在中间。
的电子,这在其他单位相比是微小的,围绕原子核高速移动。
具有相同的电子和质子数的原子是电中性的。
科技英语的翻译——02 专业词汇的构成
专业词汇的构成1.词汇的分类专业英语文献中的专业词汇(或科技词汇)一般分为三类:技术词、半技术词和非技术词(或普通词)。
技术词(technical word)指科技术语,用以记录和表达科学技术专门领域的现象、过程、特性、关系、状态、数量等,意义单纯,只有一种专业含义,如bandwidth, flip-flop, microprocessor, rectification。
半技术词(semi-technical words)是指跨学科出现的频率很高的词,在不同的专业领域含有不同的精确含义,如power, carrier等。
非技术词是指在非专业英语中很少使用,却严格属于非专业英语性质的词汇,如application, implementation, to yield 等。
非技术词和普通词(尤其是其中的功能词,如限定词、介词、连词等)词频最高,半技术词出现得最多,词汇覆盖面最大,而技术词词频最低,出现率最小。
2.词汇的构成科技英语词汇中有很大一部分符合构词法。
科技英语构词法主要包括:派生、复合、转化、拼缀、缩略等,下面分别予以介绍。
(1) 派生(derivation)法是通过在原有词或词根的基础上加前缀或(和)后缀而构成新词。
前缀通常用以修饰或改变词意,后缀显示词性。
科技英语中以这一方法构成的新词最多,可以说俯拾皆是,如antiparticle (反粒子),antineutron (反中子),antibody (抗体);autocorrelation (自相关)等。
需要指出的是以V+er/or 构成的词,有许多是指某一仪器而不指人,如semicorrelator (自相关器),conductor (导体),holder (支架/托)等,这一点译者应留意。
表2.1-2.4分别列出电子与通信专业常用的前后缀及词根。
表2.1 常用前缀表2.2 表示数量关系的常用前缀表2.3 常用后缀表 2.4 常用词根(2) 复合(composition)法是由两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列,以构成新词,其词性可以是形容词、名词、代词、动词、副词等。
科技英语课文句子翻译Unit1-10
Sentence TranslationUnit 1Text A1.However, the volume of business done on the Internet is growing rapidly, as people orderbooks and other products to make money transactions.但是,因特网上的交易数量急速增长,人们从网上购书和其他的产品,进行资金交易。
2.They use them to prowl the Internet, looking for ways to break into computers systems runby banks, telephone companies and even government departments.他们用电脑上网,寻找能够进入银行电脑系统、电话公司的电脑系统、甚至是政府的电脑系统的方式。
3.The first indication of a security breach may be when a customer discovers a fraudulentmoney transaction on a credit card account.当顾客发现信用卡的帐号上出现了来历不明的消费时,这可能就是安全受到了破坏的第一个标志。
4.The use of credit cards to buy things on the Internet converts the issue of Internet securityinto one of general security.用信用卡在网上购物使网络安全变成了大众所普遍关注的安全的一种5.Few people think twice about giving a credit card number over the phone and many areequally careless about what happens to the carbon copy when completing a transaction over the counter.很多人会在电话里随意报出自己的信用卡号码,同样地,也有很多人不留意交易完成后放在银行柜台上的副本。
科技英语翻译unit2
第二单元能源课文A替代能源的前景美国能源部(DOE)预测,美国居民所使用的能源将在2025年前增加25%。
增加的电能中将有一小部分来源于再生能源(如风、阳光、水、地热),而且这部分还会不断增大。
美国能源部称,去年全国能源供应总量中有6%来自于替代能源。
“未来属于再生能源,”美国太阳能协会执行主席布拉德·柯林斯说。
该协会是一个非赢利性质的组织,总部设在科罗拉多州的博尔德。
柯林斯还说:“虽然科学家和行业专家对于世界石油和天然气究竟还能供应多久这一问题仍有争议,但可以确定的是这些能源的供应终究要枯竭的。
”较之传统方法生产的能源,再生能源虽然普遍昂贵一些,但是,这些替代能源有利于减少污染,节省矿物燃料。
位于科罗拉多戈尔登市的美国能源部国家再生能源实验室(NREL)的高级工程师保罗·托斯理尼说:“有时人们考虑的只是节省成本的问题。
但它也是一个价值观的问题和我们应当把钱花在哪的问题。
”下面让我们看看再生能源技术的最新开发成果。
太阳能光电(或太阳能发电)系统的原理是将从太阳辐射中获得的光能转变成电力。
现在,小到家用电器,大到办公楼的电气设备,都可以利用太阳能发电。
科技的进步降低了太阳能发电设备的成本。
美国太阳能协会执行主席柯林斯说,20世纪80年代,通过光电器件获取的能源其平均价格为每千瓦时95美分,而现在这个价格已降低到约20美分。
据美国能源部《能源年刊》报道,既使是这一比较低廉的价格仍然大大高于全国平均电价,2003年的电价平均仅为每千瓦时8美分多一点。
其他的先进技术还包括“薄膜”光电技术,这是一种高科技涂层,它可以将任何表层贴有这种薄膜的物体转变太阳能电源。
使用这种薄膜的船只和娱乐用车现在已经上市。
工程师还将这种可以发电的薄膜覆盖在屋顶材料上。
托斯理尼说:“人们在安装屋顶的同时也安装了太阳能板。
”这种材料能抵抗恶劣天气,在晴天吸收太阳光发电。
同时,国家再生能源实验室正在研制开发更加廉价高效的太阳能发电系统。
科技英语课文翻译及课后答案
第一单元自动化第二部分阅读A自动化的含义“自动化”已经是,而且现在仍然是,一个被大量滥用的词。
但是,人们对其确切的意义以及所包括的内容,正在逐渐地有了较为正确的了解。
如果不是下一个定义的话,我也许可以尝试作些解释,把自动化说成是一个概念。
运用这个概念,人们通过对机器装置的性能进行充分的测量、观察和控制,从而使其以最高的效率运转。
这需要对这种装置的功能有一个详细而连贯性的了解,以便需要时便能运用最佳的矫正操作。
自动化按其确切的意义,只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分(“三C" )才能完全实现。
我认为,确保人们对合为一体的三个组成部分对我们的社会所蕴含着的某些意义有所认识和了解,是很有必要的。
首先,我们不妨考虑工业部门之一的炼钢工业。
在炼钢工业中,自动化已经开始成型。
到过钢厂的人都会知道从高炉开始的各种工艺流程的一些情况,成品条钢或板钢生产出来之后,再准备送往制造工艺车间或汽车厂,这些工艺流程是相互链接的。
为了使工厂中各个车间充分发挥效率,可以使用计算机来控制每个车间。
在此之前,计算机工作所需要的一切资料均输入机内。
就高炉来说,需要给计算机提供装人高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的资料。
钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业,需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息,并迅速地做出判定选择,以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。
计算机对所有这一切都了解得很透彻,能够做出非常大量的中间判定,并且能够把全部信息立刻和不间断地提供给管理人员,以使他们做出高效管理这个工厂所需要的最后决定。
由此产生的信息数据和判定要进行处理,然后转送到下一个工序。
在这里,对操作的一些专门细节再次进行整理,提出最佳和最终的判定,然后对这些信息再一次进行处理并输送给下一道工序。
同时,当信息数据从生产单元的一道工序输送到下一工序并完全结合成为一项新的操作时,每次变化的结果反馈到最初阶段,而且,不断地做进一步的调整,结果是整个工厂的工艺流程便能够高效率地进行下去。
科技英语阅读(李健版)翻译u2
替代能源的前景据美国能源部预测,至2025年美国的家用耗电将增加百分之二十五,增加的电量中将有一小部分来源于再生能源(如风、阳光、水、地热),而且这部分还会不断增大。
据美国能源部统计,去年替代能源的供电比例占百分之六。
美国太阳能协会(该协会是一个位于科罗拉多州博德市的非盈利性组织)的主管布拉德•柯林斯说:“未来属于可再生能源。
尽管就世界石油和天然气可以持续多久,科学家和工业专家可能有不同观点,但是油气资源终将耗尽。
”尽管可再生能源通常比传统能源更昂贵,但是替代能源有助于减少污染、保护矿物燃料。
美国能源部国家再生能源实验室(位于科罗拉多州戈尔登市)的一位高级工程师保罗•陶塞列尼说:“有时人们考虑的只是节省成本的问题,但是这可能是一个价值观念的问题,一个我们把钱用于何处的问题。
”接下来我们一起了解关于可再生能源技术的新发展太阳能光电系统获取太阳光线的光能并将其转化成电。
现在这些太阳能设备可以为各种建筑供电,小到家庭大到办公楼。
技术进步使得光电设备更加划算。
20世纪80年代,光电系统供电的平均价格为每千瓦时95美分;而根据美国太阳能协会的统计,如今这一价格已降至每千瓦时20美分左右。
即使略微便宜的光电价格仍然高于全国电价的平均价格,据美国能源部发行的《能源周刊》统计,2003年每千瓦时的电价均价略高于8美分。
其他最新的发展包括薄膜光电技术,这种高科技的涂层能够将任何覆盖此类薄膜的表面转化成一种光电电源。
使用这种薄膜技术的轮船和娱乐用车目前已上市销售。
工程师们也研究出一种涂有发电薄膜的屋顶材料,这种屋顶材料耐严寒,而且在阳光明媚的时候可以利用太阳光发电。
与此同时,美国可再生能源实验室的研究人员正在研发更为高效、价格更低的光电系统。
目前市场上大多数传统光电设备可以将百分之十一至百分之十三的太阳光转化成能量,工程师们认为可以提高这一比例。
华盛顿地区的一位光电工程师杰夫•梅泽说现在的多数薄膜光电系统的效能等级为百分之七至百分之十一。
15.科技英语翻译
转化法 (conversion)
不通过任何词形上变化,直接转化为另一个词。在转 化过程中,词性有所改变而词义则与转化前的原义仍 保留有若干联系。 radio用无线电通讯(由名词词义“无线电”转化 而来) x-ray用x光检查(由名词词义“X光”转化而来) e-mail发电子邮件(由名词词义“电子邮件”转化 而来) clone使无性繁殖;复制(由名词词义“无性繁殖, 克隆”转化而来) format为„编排格式(由名词词义“格式”转化而 来)
情态动词can和may
这两个情态动词可用来表示客观可能性,而其他则多突出主 观性。
(1)You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease . 与艾滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病。 (2)Anyone with a personal computer ,a modem and the necessary software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. 任何人只要有一台个人电脑, 再有一个调制解调器和必要的软件, 就可以把电脑连接到电话线上,然后就能申请上网。 (3)The best way to improve urban air may be to curb the use of cars,even though modem car are far cleaner than earlier ones. 改善城市空气质量最好的办法可能还是控制汽车的使用,尽管现代 汽车比以前的汽车污染要小得多。 (4)There are many methods by which gastric resection may be accomplished. 胃切除可以用许多方法。
实用科技英语翻译 UNIT TWO[10页]
6. 【原文】That reality has been seized upon by some groups and scientists disputing the overall consensus and opposing changes in energy policies.
——唐·贾公彦 把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来(也指方言与民族共同语、方言与 方言、古代语与现代语之间一种用另一种表达):把代表语言文字的符号或数码用语 言文字表达出来。
——《现代汉语词典》 把已说出或写出的话的意思用另一种语言表达出来的活动。
——《中国大百科全书·语言文字卷》
翻译过程,可以简单地描述为这样的一个循环:
?译文虽然对这些气候问题的争论很激烈但与面对这些问题要做什么不做什么的争论相比这些问题变得相形见绌因为在我们生活的这个世界无论富裕的还是正在兴起的经济体仍然需要矿物燃料作支撑
实用科技英语翻译
UNIT TWO Global Warming
翻译及科技翻译对译者的要求
翻译定义:
Translating is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).
作为译者,即要娴于双语语言运用,还需要具备广博 的文化知识以及良好的专业知识。就科技翻译来说, 通常科技文章具有“语气正式,陈述客观准确,语言 规范,文体质朴,逻辑性强,专业术语性强”等特点。 这就需要译者具备: 1)高强的英汉语言能力; 2)熟悉英汉文化差异; 3)较好的专业知识背景; 4)熟悉英汉科技文化; 5)严肃认真的态度。
科技英语第二课翻译
Text A更上一层楼——纳米技术用于癌症治疗1 在2004年9月,美国国家癌症研究所宣布了一个重大举措,给这场古老而顽强的战斗注入了新的活力。
这个被称为国家癌症研究所癌症纳米技术联盟将在未来5年投资一亿四千四百三十万美元使得纳米技术能开辟一个全新、有效的诊断及治疗癌症的途径。
这是一个资金雄厚的标志,也显示出人们对纳米技术治疗癌症的关注程度已上升到最高层的政府层面,在抗击癌症之战几乎陷入停顿之时,它来得正是时候。
与近来死亡率处于下降趋势的心脏病和中风不同,自从二十世纪五十年代起,癌症的死亡率变化不大。
2 纳米技术,广义上指在0.1~100纳米(即十亿分之一米)尺度上对装置结构的工程设计技术。
这个技术对于癌症的发现和治疗具有广阔前景,原因有二:大小及功能。
纳米大小的装置,也就是我们通常所指的纳米颗粒,能小到穿过血流直达肿瘤。
这种纳米装置可以设计用来靶向并进入肿瘤细胞。
一旦进入,它们就可以携带提高癌症检测的制剂及癌症治疗的药物或基因等许多有效载荷。
“如果你想将许多功能打包成能穿过血流的某样东西,你只能选择纳米颗粒。
”毛罗?法拉里说,他是一位哥伦布市俄亥俄洲立大学的一名癌症纳米技术专家,同时也是国家癌症研究所的顾问。
“在我脑海里,任何在将来能对癌症产生影响的都会含有纳米成分。
”3 仔细查看在癌症医药领域有这么一条原则:你发现诊治得越早,就更有机会获得良好而持久的效果。
其中一位将纳米技术体现于这一原则的研究人员就是在韩国首尔YonseiUniversity工作的化学家jinwoocheon。
他一直在氧化铁中提取纳米颗粒,目的是使磁共振成像能识别出比现在发现的肿瘤更小的肿瘤。
4 在磁共振成像中,磁铁改变了氢质子的自旋,在氢质子回复到初始的自旋状态的过程中,它们发射出无线电信号。
身体不同部位组织质子回复的速度不同,计算机就能将这些不同收集起来绘制成器官图像。
诸如氧化铁晶体等具有磁性的纳米颗粒比无磁性的颗粒能更快地引导氢质子回到初始的自旋状态。
科技英语翻译
• 2. We do not think of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as being a great age of discovery in natural history; but they were. • 我们认为从自然史的角度来看,19世纪末,20世 纪初并不是一个重要的时期,然而事实上该时期 是非常重要的。
• 译文1:近来生物多样性是热点问题,主要是由于 濒临灭绝的物种的数量,或者是自然造成的,或 者是因为缺乏空间的人类将其生境破坏了。 • 译文2:近来生物多样性已成为 已成为热点问题,其主要 已成为 原因是越来越多的 越来越多的物种濒临灭绝,这种情况与 这种情况与自 越来越多的 这种情况与 然有关 也与 有关,也与 有关 也与人类因争夺空间而造成物种生境丧 失有关 有关。 有关 • Which translated version is better?
Inversion
• As a translation technique, “inversion” means the change of the word order in a sentence according to the meaning and usage of the language to be translated into. • The change of the word order is often necessary or even inevitable in translation because each language has its own “natural word order” which must be followed.
• Since the days of American astronomer Edwin Hubble, observers have known that all but the nearest galaxies are moving away from us at a rapid rate. • 早在美国天文学家埃德温·哈勃的时代,观测者就已经了 解到,除了距离我们最远的星系,所有的星系都在以很 高的速度离我们而去。
科技英语翻译第一二章部分
1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管,在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成:叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
科技英语阅读课文翻译UNIT1-8
科技英语阅读1-8单元译文:Unit 1罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例:设想有这样一群理发师,他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。
假设其中一个理发师符合上述的条件,不给自己理发;然而按照要求,他必须要给自己理发。
但是在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。
(如果这样的话,这个理发师必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发)1901年,伯特兰·罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家同事。
在19世纪后期,弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能使用符号逻辑。
他确立了形式表达式(如:x =2)和数学特性(如偶数)之间的联系。
按照弗雷格理论的发展,我们能自由的用一个特性去定义更多更深远的特性。
1903年,发表在《数学原理》上的罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗雷格这种集合系统的局限性。
就现在而言,这种类型的集合系统能很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述。
例如,我们可以用x代表整数,通过n 来表示并且n大于3小于7,来表示4,5,6这样一个集合。
这种集合的书写形势就是:x={n:n是整数,3<n<7}。
集合中的对象并不一定是数字。
我们也可让y={x:x是美国的一个男性居民}。
表面上看,似乎任何一个关于x的描述都有一个符合要求的空间。
但是,罗素(和策梅洛一起)发现x={a:a不再a中}导致一个矛盾,就像对一群理发师的描述一样。
x它本身是在x的集合中吗?否定的答案导致了矛盾的出现。
当罗素发现了悖论,弗雷格立即就发现悖论对他的理论有致命的打击。
尽管这样,他还不能解决这个问题,并且上世纪有很多的尝试,去解决这个问题(但没有成功)。
罗素自己对这个悖论的回答促进了类型理论的形成。
他解释说,悖论的问题在于我们混淆了数集和数集的集合。
所以,罗素介绍了对象的分级系统:数、数集、数集的集合等等。
这个系统为形式化数学的形成奠定了基础,至今它还应用于哲学研究和计算机科学分支。
策梅洛对于罗素悖论的解决方法用新的公理:对于任意公式A(x)和任意集合b,都会有一个集合满足y={x:x既在b中又满足A(x)}取代了以前的公理:对于任意公式A(x),都会有一个集合满足y={x:x满足A(x)}。
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●1.As the mass of a body is constant.the effect of the increase in applied force
is to increase the velocity.
●2.The best way to improve urban air may be to curb the use of cars even
though modern cars are far cleaner than earlier ones.
●3.The free electrons usually do not move in a regular way.
●4.Far from increasing the reaction rate,high temperatures decrease it.
●5.These pumps are featured by their simple operation,easy maintenance and
durable service.
●6.Only when a rocket attains a speed of 18,000 odd miles per hour can it
put a manmade satellite in orbit.
●7.From just the entrance,in the southern part of the bay,up to a second
slack water area,about midway up the bay,tidal currents are ebbing.
●8.But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited,and it is
even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”.the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.●9.The dataset consists of twice daily 500-hPa height analyses from the U.S.
National Meteorological Center for the 20 winters 1962/1963 through 1981/1982.
●10.The chain reaction must be carefully controlled.This is done by
absorbing excess neutrons in boron control rods.The heat is transferred by circulating carbon dioxide gas.The hot gas is used to produce steam.The whole assembly is called a nuclear reactor.。