直引变间引(教师用)

直引变间引（教师用）

2011-10-30 【教学内容】

一、概念

在日常交流中，有时我们需要引述别人的话。直接引用别人的原话（放在引号内）就是直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。

二、直接引语转换成间接引语时，间接引语多为带宾语从句的主从复合句，转移过程应注意下列变化：

1）动词

间接引语主句动词主要有say, ask,tell 等。如：

He said to mum, “I can do house work for you.”

—He told mum that he could do housework for her.

She said to me, “Do you like milk?”—She asked me if I liked milk.

2) 句式/连词

直接引语间接引语

陈述句say+that＋从句tell+sb. +that＋从句

疑问句一般疑问句ask/wonder+whether/ if+从句

选择疑问句ask/wonder+whether…+or…/or not 反意疑问句ask/wonder+whether/if +从句

特殊疑问句ask+sb.+特殊疑问词+从句

祈使句ask/tell/advice/+sb.+(not)to do sth

suggest that+从句

感叹句What或that引导

例子：

陈述句：She said to me" I will came back an hour ago."

She told me (she said to me)that she had come back an hour before.

一般疑问句：She said ,"Are you going interested in English.

He ask (me) if /whether I was interested in English.

选择疑问句：I asked him, “will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"

I ask him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

反意疑问句："Y ou've already got well,haven't you?" she asked.

She asked whether /if he (I ) had already got well.

特殊疑问句：He ask me ,"What's your name?"

He asked me what my name was.

如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问句做主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化.

"who can answer my question?" the teacher said to us.

The teacher asked us who could answer the question.

"whose picture is the most beautiful in your class?" asked the boy's father.

The boy's father asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.

祈使句：He said to me "shut the window,please"

He ask me to shut the window.

He said,"Don't make so much noise"

He told us not to make so much noise.

"Let's go to the cinema."Tom said.

Tom suggested that they should go to the cinema.

感叹句：She said,"What a lovely day it is!"

She said what a lovely day it was.

She said that it was a lovely day.

He said,"How interesting the story is!"

She said how interesting the story was.

He said that the story was interesting.

三、直接引语转换成间接引语“闯五关”

第一关：人称代词与指示代词

直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称代词和指示代词的变化。要根据说话的对象进行人称的变化，并使句子的意思前后一致。如：

“You should be careful next time，”my father said to me.→My father told me

that I should be careful next time.

Tom said to me, “ I can help you with your English.”—Tom told me that he could help me with my English.

He said, “This book isn’t mine.”→He said that book wasn’t his.

代词

人称

人称的变化——“一主、二宾、三不变”。意为在改为间接引语时，直接引语里的第一人称照主句的主语变化。第二人称看主语的宾语而变化，第三人称无需变化。

直接引语第一人称第二人称第三人称

间接引语与主语一致与宾语一致不变

试比较：

Tom said to Kate , "Are you going there with me?"

Tom ask kate if she was going with him.

第一人称me随主语Tom变化为him,，第二人称you随Kate变化为she。

kate said to Tom , "Are you going there with me?"

Kate ask Tom if he was going with her.

第一人称me随主语Kate变化为her,第二人称you随宾语Tom变成he。

I said to Tom , "Are you going there with me?"

i ask Tom if he was going with me.

第一人称me随主语I 变化，第二人称you随Tom变化为he.

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化

类别直接引语间接引语

指示代词this that

these those