The silent way沉默法

5.The teacher must not interfere with
the learning process.
Aims & Goals
The general goal of the Silent Way is to help beginning level students gain basic fluency in the target language, with the ultimate aim being near-native language proficiency and good pronunciation.
Disadvantages: 1.Ignores the direction of teachers. 2. It may waste a lot of time
沉默教学法实例
（步骤1）教师在墙上挂音色对应图表，彩色译音卡片 和字词表；
（步骤2）教师作[u]的口型,但不发音,学生猜测发音, 直到有人猜对,教师点头,并指示音色对应图表上的绿 色[u]符号;
沉默教学法背景
沉默法是由英国数学家兼心理学家加蒂格 诺（Caleb Gattegno）于20世纪70年代初创 立的。加蒂格诺提倡外语学习需要学习者 自己去发现（Discovery）和创造 （Create），而非背诵（Remember）和重 复（Repeat）。
沉默教学法理论基础及目标
它的理论基础是结构主义理论。语言被看 作是一组与特定意义相联系的通过语法规 则结合起来的语音组合。语言从其社会语 境中抽离出来通过虚拟的语境教给学生。
however, to ensure their self-reliance(自我 学习）, the teacher should only help the students as much as is strictly necessary.
As Gattegno says, “The teacher works with the student; the student works on the language.” For example, teachers will often give students time to correct their own mistakes before giving them the answer to a question. Teachers also avoid praise or criticism, as it can discourage students from developing self-reliance(自我学习法）.
Principles
1.Teachers should concentrate on how students learn, not on how to teach.
2.Imitation and drill （训练）are not the primary means by which students learn.
In the Silent Way, a learner also must be a teacher, a student, part of a support system, a problem solver, and a e student who is usually expected to decide on what role is most appropriate to a given situation.
Role of student Advantages Disadvantage
s
Tell me and I forget, teach me and I remember, involve me and I learn.
Question :what is silent way in your mind?
The role of the students
language learning is a process of personal growth resulting from growing student awa reness and self-challenge. Learners are expe cted to develop independence , autonomy, a nd responsibility.
4.口语领先，读写随后；
5.教师不直接纠正学生的错误，只是协助他们，通过多次尝 试错误而求得正确知识。
Definition
1.The Silent Way is a language-teaching method created by Caleb Gattegno （加蒂格 诺）that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching technique.
The silent way
主讲人：金凤华 2012031146 组员：高玲 2012031137
高瑞丽 2012031134
主要内容
Definition
Background
Principle
Aims and goals
Three basic tenets
The silent way
Role of teacher
To put it simply, the Silent Way is a method of language teaching which is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent as much as possible in the classroom and the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible.
2. The method emphasizes the autonomy of the learner; the teacher's role is to monitor the students' efforts, and the students are encouraged to have an active role in learning the language.
An important part of this ability is being able to use the language for self-expression; students should be able to express their thoughts, feelings, and needs in the target language .Students are encouraged to actively explore the language , and to develop their own ‘inner criteria‘ as to what is linguistically acceptable .
沉默教学法的总体目标是通过语言基本要 素的认练，培养初学者听和说的能力。
沉默法的基本特点
1.语言学习的过程由静默思考到实际演练，不采用机械的重 复练习；
2.学习过程中，学生是主角，教师只辅助而不干预学习。教 服从学，学大大超过教，充分调动学生的学习积极性；
3.借助特殊的辅助教具进行教学。教师在教学过程中少说， 学生多说、多活动。
which is good for students. 3.It’s full of creativity. 4.Consistent process of making errors,
it’s good for students’ individualism and responsibility.
（步骤6）教师再指示彩色译音卡片上的blue， 让学生发音。教师再用蓝色木条、蓝色衣服和 蓝色卡片等强化蓝色的发音和词义；
（步骤7）重复以上步骤，学习其它颜色词汇。
Thank you
3.Learning consists of error, deliberate experimentation, suspending judgement, and revising conclusions.
4.In learning, learners draw on everything that they already know, especially their native language .
（步骤3)教师作[b]的口型，但不发音。学生猜测发音， 直到有人 猜对，教师点头，指示音色对应图表上的 深绿色[b]符号；
（步骤4）以此类推，让学生学会音色对应图表上着蓝 色的[l]；
（步骤5）教师指示音色对应图表上的[u]，学 生读该音。教师再指彩色译音卡片上的oo,ue 等字母组合，作[u]的口型，让学生明白这些 字母组合可以读[u].其余字母组合类推；
The role of the teacher
The role of the teacher is that of technici an or engineer. The teacher's task is to focus the students' attention, and provide exercise s to help them develop language facility;
Three basic tenets（原则）
The three basic tenets(原则) of the approach are that learning is facilitated（使 容易） if(1) the learner discovers rather than remembers or repeats,(2) that learning is aided by physical objects,(3) and that problem solving is central to learning.