汉英修辞对比与翻译_2_

4 象征
黑暗即将过去，曙光即在前方。 The darkness would soon pass and the sun break through. 梅花喜欢漫天雪，冻死苍蝇未足奇。 Plum blossoms like a sky of blowing snow. No strange that flies freeze and die.
汉 英 修 辞 对 比 与 翻 译 (2)
修辞手法有一般性和特殊性之分。 一般性修辞指从避免产生语言表达的不良 效果着眼，要求用词造句符合一般语法和 逻辑的规则，作到正确、明白、通顺。 特殊性修辞指从加强语言表达艺术效果着 眼，要求运用适当的修辞手段，使语言表 达更为生动、形象、有力。修辞格常用的 方法有直译法、意译法和弥补法。
So this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better off than withered wood or cold ashes, taking no interest in the outside world.
鹅蛋看不起鸭蛋，黑金属看不起 稀有金属，这种看不起人的态度 是不科学的。 Goose eggs don’t think much of duck eggs and the ferrous metals don’t think much of rare metals--such a disdainful attitude is not scientific.
2 拟人
录音机接受了主人的命令，“叭”的一 声不唱了。 --《春之声》 On its owner’s command, the taperecorder stopped its song with a click.
狐狸走开时自言自语地说：“得了，这有什么！ 这葡萄是酸的。” The fox muttered when he retreated, “well, what does it matter! The grapes are sour.”
童年啊，你的整个经历，毫无疑问，像 航行在春水涨满的河流里的一只小船。 --《铁木前传》 Ah, childhood, from beginning to end beyond any doubt you are like a small boat navigating the swollen waters of a river in spring.
对偶 antithesis
古为今用，洋为中用。 Make the old serve the present and the foreign serve China. 假作真时真亦假，无为有处有还无。 When false is taken for true, true becomes false; If non-being turns into being, being becomes non-being.
直译法
1 比喻 时间是一条河，一条流在人们记忆里的 河，一条生命的河。--《芙蓉镇》 Time is a river, a river of life, flowing through men’s memories. --Tr. Gladys Yang
因此这李纨虽青春丧偶，且居于膏粱锦 绣之中，竟如槁木死灰一般，一概无闻 无见。
14 层递
大鱼吃小鱼，小鱼吃虾米，虾米吃污泥。
The big fish eats the little ones, the little ones eat the shrimps, and the shrimps are forced to eat mud.
15 设问
“和尚道士的话如何信的？什么‘金玉 良缘’？我偏说‘木石姻缘’！” Who believes what those bonzes (monks) and Taoists say? A match between gold and jade? Nonsense! Between wood and stone more likely, I’d say.”
真相还来不及穿上裤子，谎言已经走遍了半个 世界。 A lie goes half way round the world before truth has time to get its trousers on.
3 呼告 apostrophe
敬爱的周总理啊，人民想念您，祖国需 要您，我们的党不能没有您。 Oh, our beloved Premier Zhou, our people miss you, our motherland is in need of you, and our Party cannot afford to have your departure.
16 反映和对衬 oxymoron & contrast
这是一场可悲的喜剧。 This is a tragic comedy. 灶王爷(God of Hearth )上了天，我却落 了地。 Just as the God of Hearth was making his ascent to Heaven, I landed on earth.
Zeugma in English…
At noon Mrs. Turpin would get out of bed and humor, put on kimono, airs, and the water to boil for coffee. 中午时分，特宾夫人从床上起来，心情 不好，穿上和服，架子十足地灌上水去 烧开冲咖啡。
意译法
1 比喻：
译文难以保留比喻形象时采用意译。
有人在一个单位玩不转了就托人找关系， 一走了之。这就助长干部身在曹营心在汉， 骑驴找马的坏风气。 Some cadres pester their friends to find them new posts when they fail at their own jobs. This only encourages officials to hold on one job, while seeking a better one.
9 反语
什么？你把那花瓶打碎啦？好得很！ What? You broke that vase? A fine thing! (Good for you!) 啊，没带零钱？当然咯，像您这样的绅士只带 大票子。 Oh, you haven’t change? Well, of course, I know that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.
6 夸张
血海 Ocean of blood 煤山 The mountain of coal 泪流成河 A river of tears
7 通感
冷漠的神情 酸溜溜的发言 油嘴滑舌 甜甜的嗓音 Icy look Sour remark Oily-tongued Sweet voice
微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上 渺茫的歌声似的. A breeze stirs, sending over breaths of fragrance, like faint singing drifting from a distant building.
13 排比
随着嘹亮的歌声，黑暗过去ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้，太阳出 山了，大地苏醒了，革命胜利了。 With the resonant song, the dark disappeared, the sun rose, the earth came around, and our revolution was crowned with victory.
11 精警 epigram
墙有耳，伏寇在侧。 Walls have ears, the enemy’s ambush may be laid beside （them）. 善游者溺，善骑者坠。 A good swimmer often gets drowned; a good rider often falls off a horse.
5 借代
笔杆子比刀剑有力。
The pen is mightier than the sword.
一间阴暗的小屋里，上面坐着两个老爷， 一东一西。东边的是一个马褂，西边的是 一个西装，……马褂问过他的姓名年龄籍 贯后，就又问到…… It is a small dark room sat two officials, one on the right, the other on the left. The one on the right had on a Chinese jacket, the one on the left a western suit,…The Chinese jacket, having asked name, age and birthplace, demanded…
我娘家姓赵，小名叫二曼，出嫁了，把 名字也嫁掉了，人家叫我阿洪家的。 My family name is Zhao and my pet name is Erman, When I was married to Ah Hong, my name was gone, and I’ve been called Ah Hong’s wife ever since.
8 移就
平林漠漠烟如织，寒山一带伤心碧。 --李白《菩萨蛮》 O’er far-flung wooded plain wreaths of smoke weave a screen, Cold mountains stretch into a belt of sorrowful green. --Tr. Xu Yuanzhong
The general lost the town and his head. 那位将军丢失了城池，也丢掉了脑袋。 Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat. 昨天他心情忧郁，穿着一件蓝色上衣。
She was dressed in a maid’s cap, a pinafore, and a bright smile. 她头戴一顶少女的帽子，腰系一条围裙，面带灿 烂的微笑。 Miss Bolo rose from the table considerably agitated, and went straight home in a flood of tears and sedan chair. 波洛小姐激动地从桌边座位上站起来，淌着热泪， 乘着轿子，径直回家。
2 拈连 (zeugma)
你别看我耳朵聋，可是我的心并不聋啊。
Although my ears are dull of hearing, my mind is not (dull of apprehension).
小火车在欢腾地疾驰。人们的心和火车 一样，向家乡急奔。 The little train and the hearts of all its passengers, together, sped merrily homeward.
Hedges have eyes…
12 跳脱 aposiopesis
他的行为—我提起来就脸红。 His behavior was—but I blushed to mention that. 还没有吃过人的孩子，或者还有？救救 孩子…… Perhaps there are still children who haven’t eat men? Save the children…
10 委婉语
他脑子似乎不太好使。 It seems that he is weak in mind. 孔乙己一到店，所有喝酒的人便都看着他 笑，有的叫道：“孔乙己，你脸上又添上 新伤疤了！” Whenever he came in, everyone there would look at him and chuckle. And someone was sure to call out: “Kong Yiji, What are those fresh scars on your face?”