英语作文凤头、猪肚和豹尾
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
12-6-2
凤头、猪肚和豹尾
一篇好的短文应该观点明确，思路清晰，论述有力、准确，语言正确，文字简洁、流畅、连贯，结构严谨。短文是由段落组成，因此写好段落是写好短文的关键。
段落的组成分为三个部分：主题句（topic sentence）、段落的展开(development sentence)和结尾句(concluding sentence)。
句子的起承转合
在一篇文章中，各自然段，各句子都为文章的中心思想服务，各段落之间，句子与句子之间存在着某种逻辑关系。文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在在修辞中称为起承转合。“启”就是开头，“承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结，一篇文章与一段文章一样都有“起、承、转、合”关系。例如：
1.启
Now, currently, presently, at present, lately, first, firstly, first of all, in the first place, generally, recently, in the beginning, to begin with, to start with, in general, it goes without saying that…
2.承
Besides, then, third, thirdly, trulu, unlike, obviously, of course, particularly, second, secondly, similarly, soon still, after a while, after a few days, also at any part, at the same time, by this time, certainly, consequently, for example, for instance, for this purpose, from now on,
furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition, indeed, in fact, in other words, in particular, in the same manner, meanwhile, no doubt
3.转
Anyway, yet, perhaps, otherwise, whereas, nonetheless, after all, all the same, at the same time, but by this time, conversely, despite, especially, fortunately, however, in other words, in particular, in spite of, in the same way, likewise, luckily, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, as
a matter of fact…
4.合
Above all, accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, at last, at length, by doing so, consequently, eventually, finally, hence, in brief, in conclusion, in short, on the whole, therefore, thus to speak, frankly, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, as has been noted as I have said…
段落的起承转合
1.启，常用于引导文章开头的过渡句
It goes without saying that…
It is clear/obvious that…
It is often said that…
Generally speaking….
As the proverb says…
Many people often ask…
2.承，常用于第二、三段扩展
It is true that…
Everybody know that…
It can be easily proved that…
No one can deny that…
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is that…The chief reason why…
We must recognize that…
There is no doubt that…
I am of the opinion that…
This can be expressed as follows…
To take…for an example/instance…
Therefore we should realize that…
What is more serious is that…
3.转，常用于第二扩展段开头的过渡句
Another special consideration in this case is that…
Besides, we should not neglect that…
However, ….
But the problem is not so simple, …
Therefore, …
But it is a pity that…
On the other hand, …
I do not believe that…