09Contract Law 何家弘法律英语配套课件

various types of performance.
合同法是保护预期的法律机制，该预期 产生于就未来交易各类履行而制定的契
约。
转让财产
提供服务
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支付货币
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Legal problems do not always fit neatly into the pigeonholes that legal theorists have created.
在裁决履行合同时可能出现争议时的作用；
3.in fashioning appropriate remedies for their breach
在形成对其违约的适当补救时的作用
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Property
A great of thing are susceptible “ownership” Tangible 有形的
它设立了当不按约履行时，便可由某种 法律强制手段保证实施的义务。
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Three elements in a transaction ——contract
1. The agreement-in-fact 事实协议
2. The agreement-in-written 书面协议
法律问题不可能总是与法理学家所创 立的分类完全相符。
Frequently they raise issues involving more than one body of law.
法律问题往往涉及到不止一部法律。
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“fraud” conduct 欺诈行为
A breach of contract
personal property (personalty) :
movable assets (things, including animals) which are not real property, money or investments.
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Less tangible property 不太有形的资产
给人造成身体伤害 其他对个人自由或尊严的侵犯
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Criminal law vs. tort law
Criminal law focuses in those violations of personal and property rights that society deems serious enough to be deterred by the threat of severe punishment for their commission
Lesson Nine
Contract Law
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Contract Definition
A contract is basically an agreement between two or more people which creates an obligation to do, or not do, something.
交换的契约是将一些资源组合起来，使 之得到有效利用的手段。
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Some agreement for exchange call for the immediate and simultaneous exchange of money for goods and services.
Consume
Enjoy
Exclusion
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Real property
不动产
Land
buildings
动产——personal property
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http://dictionary.law.com/
real property:
all land, structures, firmly attached and integrated equipment, anything growing on the land, and all "interests" in the property.
Tort law considers what remedy should be made to the individuals so injured
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Criminal law tort law
Treason 判国罪 Tax evasion 偷税罪
overlap
Slander 诽谤
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Ownership of property
Include the right to use and consume the thing owned
所有权包括对属于自己的物品使用和耗费的权利
be more to the advantage of the owner to transfer the right of the ownership to some other person in exchange for something else of value
must accept the offer and there must be consideration exchanged. Consideration has to be something of value.
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Background
Uniform Commercial Code Consumer Protection Statutes Labor Law Insurance Law
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Source /authority 法律渊源
Primary source 首要法源
以前的司法判决 成文法 法令
Copyrights 版权 Patents 专利权 Shares of corporate stock 公司股权 Negotiable instruments 票据权
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Any social that…… Recognizes property rights
Also address the question of how it should respond when someone violates those rights
即使是那些对财产私有权的许可没有达 到我们这种程序的社会，也会承认个人 的人身权利不受某种行为的侵犯。
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certain kinds of conduct
Infliction of physical injury
Other interferences with freedom or dignity
The agreement creates a legal relationship of rights and duties.
If the agreement is broken, then the law provides certain remedies.
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Three Factors
3. The set of rights and duties ……一系列权利与义务
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THE WAYS 订立协议和执行协议的方法
The role of lawyers and judges
1. In creating contracts 在制定合同中的作用；
2.in deciding disputes that may arise with respect to their performance
agreement is set forth. 文件——陈述契约的一系列文件。
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For lawyers
Contract ---- an agreement that has legal effect.
合同是具有法律效力的契约。
It creates obligations for which some sort of legal enforcement will be available if performance is not forthcoming as promised.
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涉及合同问题
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美国合同法
由法律保证执行 强制执行的限度
法律补救方法
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Expectation damages 预期赔偿金
Agreed upon remedies 补救协议
Equitable relief 衡平救济
法律英语
7Leabharlann Baidu
TEXT
Contract —— an agreement between two or more persons.
Not merely a shared belief 不仅仅是共有的想法 A common understanding as to something 而且是对某些未来将要进行的事项有共同
的理解
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Contract
Document The set of papers in which such
有时所有者以所有权与其他人交换有价值的东西 可能更有利。
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Agreements for exchange are the means by which some resources are assembled and put to productive use.
A tort
Lease agreements between landlord and tenant
Property law
Contract law
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The web of the law
May not be quite seamless 法律之网可能并非结实无缝 They are not ironclad and unchanging 法律并非打不破和不可改变。
There are three factors necessary to create a contract:
1) an offer, 2) acceptance, and 3) consideration. One party makes an offer, the second party
Intangible 无形的
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bulldozer
Ring
The Empire
State Building
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Gone with the 法律英语 wind
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Rights
Use
国家保护该“所有人”使用、享受乃 至耗费该物的权利，将所有其他人排 除在这种权利之外。
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Even societies that do not permit private ownership of wealth to the degree that ours does are likely to recognize the personal rights of individuals to be free from certain kinds of conduct …
交易的计划和履行都要经历相当长的 时间。
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The law of contracts
Legal mechanism for protecting the
expectations that arise from the making
of agreements for the future exchange of
有效交换契约要求现金与货物、服务的 立即和同时交换。
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Exchange of significant size 涉及到大额交易时
Both the planning and performance to be spread over a considerable period of time