翻译的增补技巧
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Here are some of the most common transitional words and phrases and the relationships they show.
to show addition:
and, too, also, again, as well as, besides, in addition, moreover, further, furthermore, both…and…, not only…but also...
To summarize
in brief , in other words , in short, as has been said, on the whole, to sum up, in conclusion
Most likely, you are already familiar with many of the transitional words and phrases which, by themselves, mean little but which serve as a vital link between ideas. With the help of transitional words, the flow of thought is clear to be seen.
AMPLIFICATION
翻译的增补
Translation
Introduction
Amplification: supplying necessary words in translation on the basis of an accurate comprehension of the original.
❖ 我佩服他那超人的才智和丰富的 阅历。
He had the patience and determination that kept him at things longer than most others.
❖ 他有耐心和毅力，使他做事时坚持的 时间比其他大多数人都长。
... and Zewail would hear from the world. Two thousand e-mails would zoom his way within a few days ...
To show place
in front of, on the other side, behind, inside, outside, nearby, next to, opposite, beyond, below, under, at this point
To show result
so, thus, hence, as a result, for this reason, consequently, accordingly, therefore
Let’s take paragraph 7 as an example:
“To start with I must admit that at first I harbored reservations about a mixed marriage, prejudices you might even call them. But when I met Mark I found him a charming and intelligent young guy. Any mother would be proud to have him for a son-in-law. So, color has nothing to do with it. Yes, my friends talk. Some even express shock at what you’re doing. But they live in a different world. So you see, Mark’s color is not the problem. My biggest worry is that you may
To compare and contrast
similarly, in the same way, likewise, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, but, yet, nevertheless
To illustrate or explain
— the repetition of or reference to key
terms.
In this unit, we’ll focus on the former.
Transitional words and phrases signal specific kinds of relationships between the parts of sentences, between sentences in a paragraph, and between paragraphs in a longer composition.
He basically asked the same questions as Gail’s mother: … ( L. 44 )
他问的问题基本上和盖尔的母亲(问题)相同。
Our racial and cultural differences enhanced our relationship and taught us a great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being open with each other. ( L. 5 )
❖ 扎威尔将收到世界各地的来信。短短 几天时间里2Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu000封电子邮件接踵而至。
But first, the 53-year-old scientist would share the news with his family.
❖ 但是，这位53岁的科学家将首先与 家人共享这个消息带来的快乐。
Gail and I imagined a quiet wedding. (L.1) 我和盖尔计划(举行)一个不事张扬的婚礼。
To show concession:
although, though, even though, even if, granted that, in spite of, despite
To show time
once, before, after, afterward, always, when, at once, as soon as, to begin with, first (second, third), in the meantime, in the past (future), later, then, next, until, at last, finally, eventually, from then on, since then
词义的增补主要有以下两种方法：
对意义的 增补
对语法结构的 增补
对意义的增补
补充概括词、补充原文暗含的词、补充 注释性词语、数词、量词等
Example
China, England, France and the United States 中英法美四国 • a full moon 一轮满月
Facts are to the scientists as words are to the poets.
for example, for instance, namely, in particular, such as, that is, to illustrate
To emphasize
indeed, in fact, above all, of course, unquestionably, most important, last but not least, specifically
be marrying Mark for the same wrong reasons that I married your father. When we met I saw him as my beloved, intelligent, charming, and caring. It was all so new, all so exciting, and we both thought, on the surface at least, that ours was an ideal marriage with every indication that it would last forever. I realized only later that I didn’t know my beloved, your father, very well when we married.”
A B
A. Read the following paragraph and identify the transitional words in it.
Nowadays, under the new tuition system, an increasing number of students, especially those poverty-stricken students, now seem to be defeated by the crushing tuition burden. TThheerreefore , many people complain that the new tuition system keeps povertystricken students away from college. Howeverr , in my opinion, the new tuition system does add much difficulties to the p o o r s t u d e n t s buutt i t w i l l n e v e r
我们 (之间) 的种族及文化差异 (不但) 增强 了我们的关系, (而且) 教会了我们彼此要宽 容、谅解和开诚布公。
Writing
Working toward coherence I
INTRODUCTION
Coherence in a paragraph refers to the way the sentences are arranged and to their relationship to one another. When a paragraph is coherent, the sentences are arranged in a clear and logical order, the transitions are smooth and natural, and ideas flow smoothly and gracefully from one sentence to the next. As a result, the reader finds it easy to follow the writer’s train of thought.
事实对于科学家如 同文字对于诗人一 样重要。
对语法结构 的增补:
为保证译文语法结构的完整进 行的增补：增加代词、连接词、 介词、句子中的省略部分等。
Example
What a day! 多好的天气啊！ He slipped on a banana skin. 他踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了。
I have admired his exceptional intellectual qualities and experience.
Generally, there are two devices that will help you achieve coherence in your writing:
— transitional words and phrases that
show specific kinds of relationships
During our two years together we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other. ( L.1 ) 在一起（相处）的两年中，我们经历了一 对情侣在学着相互了解、理解和尊重中时 常（出现）的磕磕碰碰。
to show addition:
and, too, also, again, as well as, besides, in addition, moreover, further, furthermore, both…and…, not only…but also...
To summarize
in brief , in other words , in short, as has been said, on the whole, to sum up, in conclusion
Most likely, you are already familiar with many of the transitional words and phrases which, by themselves, mean little but which serve as a vital link between ideas. With the help of transitional words, the flow of thought is clear to be seen.
AMPLIFICATION
翻译的增补
Translation
Introduction
Amplification: supplying necessary words in translation on the basis of an accurate comprehension of the original.
❖ 我佩服他那超人的才智和丰富的 阅历。
He had the patience and determination that kept him at things longer than most others.
❖ 他有耐心和毅力，使他做事时坚持的 时间比其他大多数人都长。
... and Zewail would hear from the world. Two thousand e-mails would zoom his way within a few days ...
To show place
in front of, on the other side, behind, inside, outside, nearby, next to, opposite, beyond, below, under, at this point
To show result
so, thus, hence, as a result, for this reason, consequently, accordingly, therefore
Let’s take paragraph 7 as an example:
“To start with I must admit that at first I harbored reservations about a mixed marriage, prejudices you might even call them. But when I met Mark I found him a charming and intelligent young guy. Any mother would be proud to have him for a son-in-law. So, color has nothing to do with it. Yes, my friends talk. Some even express shock at what you’re doing. But they live in a different world. So you see, Mark’s color is not the problem. My biggest worry is that you may
To compare and contrast
similarly, in the same way, likewise, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, but, yet, nevertheless
To illustrate or explain
— the repetition of or reference to key
terms.
In this unit, we’ll focus on the former.
Transitional words and phrases signal specific kinds of relationships between the parts of sentences, between sentences in a paragraph, and between paragraphs in a longer composition.
He basically asked the same questions as Gail’s mother: … ( L. 44 )
他问的问题基本上和盖尔的母亲(问题)相同。
Our racial and cultural differences enhanced our relationship and taught us a great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being open with each other. ( L. 5 )
❖ 扎威尔将收到世界各地的来信。短短 几天时间里2Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu000封电子邮件接踵而至。
But first, the 53-year-old scientist would share the news with his family.
❖ 但是，这位53岁的科学家将首先与 家人共享这个消息带来的快乐。
Gail and I imagined a quiet wedding. (L.1) 我和盖尔计划(举行)一个不事张扬的婚礼。
To show concession:
although, though, even though, even if, granted that, in spite of, despite
To show time
once, before, after, afterward, always, when, at once, as soon as, to begin with, first (second, third), in the meantime, in the past (future), later, then, next, until, at last, finally, eventually, from then on, since then
词义的增补主要有以下两种方法：
对意义的 增补
对语法结构的 增补
对意义的增补
补充概括词、补充原文暗含的词、补充 注释性词语、数词、量词等
Example
China, England, France and the United States 中英法美四国 • a full moon 一轮满月
Facts are to the scientists as words are to the poets.
for example, for instance, namely, in particular, such as, that is, to illustrate
To emphasize
indeed, in fact, above all, of course, unquestionably, most important, last but not least, specifically
be marrying Mark for the same wrong reasons that I married your father. When we met I saw him as my beloved, intelligent, charming, and caring. It was all so new, all so exciting, and we both thought, on the surface at least, that ours was an ideal marriage with every indication that it would last forever. I realized only later that I didn’t know my beloved, your father, very well when we married.”
A B
A. Read the following paragraph and identify the transitional words in it.
Nowadays, under the new tuition system, an increasing number of students, especially those poverty-stricken students, now seem to be defeated by the crushing tuition burden. TThheerreefore , many people complain that the new tuition system keeps povertystricken students away from college. Howeverr , in my opinion, the new tuition system does add much difficulties to the p o o r s t u d e n t s buutt i t w i l l n e v e r
我们 (之间) 的种族及文化差异 (不但) 增强 了我们的关系, (而且) 教会了我们彼此要宽 容、谅解和开诚布公。
Writing
Working toward coherence I
INTRODUCTION
Coherence in a paragraph refers to the way the sentences are arranged and to their relationship to one another. When a paragraph is coherent, the sentences are arranged in a clear and logical order, the transitions are smooth and natural, and ideas flow smoothly and gracefully from one sentence to the next. As a result, the reader finds it easy to follow the writer’s train of thought.
事实对于科学家如 同文字对于诗人一 样重要。
对语法结构 的增补:
为保证译文语法结构的完整进 行的增补：增加代词、连接词、 介词、句子中的省略部分等。
Example
What a day! 多好的天气啊！ He slipped on a banana skin. 他踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了。
I have admired his exceptional intellectual qualities and experience.
Generally, there are two devices that will help you achieve coherence in your writing:
— transitional words and phrases that
show specific kinds of relationships
During our two years together we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other. ( L.1 ) 在一起（相处）的两年中，我们经历了一 对情侣在学着相互了解、理解和尊重中时 常（出现）的磕磕碰碰。