德国西门子公司核心竞争力探析外文文献翻译

文献信息：
文献标题：Eternal enterprise management innovation of youth--Germany SIEMENS core competitiveness（创新管理永葆企业青春----德国西门子公司核心竞争力探析）
国外作者：Susan Daker
文献出处：The Wall Street journal, 2008, 57(7): 41-43
字数统计：英文7200单词，42252字符；中文14328汉字
外文文献：
Eternal enterprise management innovation of youth
--Germany SIEMENS core competitiveness Abstract Siemens is picked to unceasing development, an international reputation, and constantly promote enterprise's core competitive ability, the system innovation of technology management, the innovative organization management, perfect management innovation talent management mechanism, these are the enterprise knowledge capital operation and content of the growing ability. This paper analyzes how to innovate the management of the construction of the core competitive power.
Key words core competitiveness; innovation; management
Germany SIEMENS (SIEMENS) Co., LTD is one of Europe's biggest electronics company, is one of the world's top ten electronic companies, is the world's fourth appliances manufacturers. Siemens company is the production of electronic and communication products, energy and industrial equipment, transportation and medical equipment integrated group company, business across Europe, the americas, Asia, Africa and Australia over 190 countries in the world, and with 39 factories, the
production of household appliance and communication products, are entitled to an international reputation. Siemens company in the long journey across two centuries, adhering to the founder Werner von Siemens "year 20,000 invention and innovation" the secret of success in the system innovation of technology management, the innovative organization management, perfect management innovation talent management mechanism, continuously improve enterprise core competitiveness of enterprise knowledge capital, content and operation ability is growing. Siemens practice again symbolise both: innovation is the life of enterprise, it can make enterprise of youth.
In 2004, Siemens company in the world "fortune 500 companies ranked first 21, annual operating income for 805.01 billion dollars.
A, Siemens brilliant innovation process
Siemens, founded in 1847, starting from the middle of the 19th century, along with the glorious throughout the 20th century, to cross the vigour into the 21st century. Siemens is the Siemens - Hal verkhoyansk telegraph manufacturing company, is billed as the "father of Siemens" Werner von Siemens and his partner John George Hal, only 10 people of small business.
Werner von Siemens era is undertaking development of Siemens company glorious period. Siemens company because of Werner von Siemens inventions rapid success. Soon, Siemens embarked on the international development of company, 1850 in Britain, Russia, 1855 in 1858 respectively in Austria, setting up an overseas branch. In 1890, Werner von Siemens retirement, Siemens company employees, including more than 5,500 reach half working abroad. In 1892, Werner von Siemens in Berlin, died at the age of 76. He left countless human inventions, left, left a great legacy of successful experience. Due to his outstanding contribution to humanity, is regarded as a European electrical world shining stars.
Werner von Siemens died after, successively by three of his sons as corporate leaders. In 1897, the family enterprise restructuring is a joint-stock company, renamed "Siemens and Hal verkhoyansk joint-stock company". During the first world war,
Siemens company lost almost all of the overseas assets, Werner von Siemens three sons Carl f reed richie, Siemens will rebuild the company successfully. Carl f reed richie changed direction of management, the company will be focused on electrical engineering company business, at the same time, cover all areas of electrical engineering ", "from the" of the enterprise of "field to withdraw. To 1939, Siemens company sales first breakthrough 10 million mark, and become the world's largest electrical company. During the second world war, the company was forced to increase production war supplies. At the end of the war, the company's most factories are destroyed, company lost about 80% of the asset. In the war, Germany Siemens industrial town - two of the western Ireland root and Munich began rebuilding. Siemens has blessed by Carl reed, Siemens three brothers Ritchie the descendants of _ _ _, they are doctorate of technical experts and business management expert, adhere to develop new technology and innovation development. After world war ii, Siemens company with "the krupp" concern jointly established the federal republic of Germany's first nuclear physics research institute to develop nuclear technology. In 1953, Siemens has super purity silicon technology to develop the electronic technology and caused a revolution of electrical technology. Company sales increase year by year, 1951, mark for 10 million to 50 million in 1962 to mark. In 1966, renamed as Siemens LTD. In the early 1970s, Siemens has successfully developed telephone signal transmission system for communication, contributed to the modern business. In 1989, Siemens company adopts modern structure reorganization, formed the core business group, 17, in order to better adapt to the development of new field in the company. In 1990, Siemens company bought the computer corporation, become rich in the development of the personal computer market of Europe's biggest manufacturers.
In 1982, Siemens company started in modern China, in Beijing representative office, then opened in guangzhou, Shanghai, shenyang and added three local office. Two years later, Siemens company and Beijing international technology cooperation center was established cooperative technology exchange training center in Beijing. In 1986, Siemens will be the world's most advanced numerical control system was
introduced into China, with ordinary machine tools for leading products of Chinese manufacturers of sight. In October 1994, Siemens company established in China holdings, Siemens (China) Co., LTD. Was established in Beijing, as the subsidiary of Siemens company operating companies provide sales, marketing, human resources, information communication, e-commerce, procurement, finance, law and strategic planning services. Siemens company, including all the business branches of information and communications, automation and control, power, transportation, medical, and lighting and household appliances in China have set, including infrastructure construction and automation control is the core of Siemens company in China. After ten years of unremitting efforts, Siemens in China development is rapid, long-term total investment more than 5 billion euros, throughout the has more than 40 branches and representative offices, 26, 2001, Siemens in China's total sales more than 35 million euros. China has become a global and Siemens company in the asia-pacific region one of the pillars of the main business development.
Second, the innovation of management to promote their core competence Winfrey harald and Gary hammel in classical "the core competitiveness of the company a first proposed" core competitiveness, said: "the company is just like a tree, the trunk and several main branches are the core products, a slender twigs is business units, leaf, flower and fruit belong to the final product to provide nutrients and trees. The role of supporting the root is fixed the core competitiveness of the company. Siemens is the innovation management "for trees provide nutrients and supporting the roots of the fixed effect". Innovative management has three kinds of interconnected different meanings: one is the management innovation, Two of the management innovation is, Three is innovative management. Siemens innovation management refers to the activities of "innovation", including technological innovation management, the innovative product management, management of innovative talents. Innovation is the further understanding of the development, innovation, development and sublimation aims to explore knowledge, promoting development, the premise is must have the correct thought method, scientific and realistic attitude, change new
courage. Theoretically, innovation, a social demand, market demand is the tension, Second is the development of science and technology enterprise itself thrust. The market demand is the main source of innovation of Siemens company. As human civilization and progress of society, consumer demand more advanced, more diversified. According to the change of market demand, an attitude is passivism that followed, an attitude is actively advance appropriately. Siemens company adopts advance appropriately in the market need, investigation and development needs, on the basis of the forecast on innovation talents and technological innovation, product innovation to produce new consumption habits, and consumer culture and adapt to the new marketing policy and market purchasing power, create new market demand, and formed a "market demand forecasting and technology innovation and product innovation and new consumption patterns and new market demand and market flexibility and new innovation idea" virtuous circle. Innovation is based on the objective need, existing production elements and existing conditions, technical combination produced a new leap, improve the production efficiency, innovative products for the enterprise value, enter the market more convenience for the final product for the customer, the perceived value for contribution, innovation achievements to imitate, competitors and promote enterprise's core competitiveness. Siemens in continuous innovation, and keep the enterprise in the cycle of vigor, though years and young.
1, Siemens heritage of innovation
In 1997, Siemens company publishes a book, the company called autobiography properties of the Siemens - 150 years, the splendid FengEr printed on a prologue, including such words: "in 1997, Siemens turned her first chapter in the history of 150 pages, it is a special moments in the history of celebration. Throughout the world, in the similar scale industry company, can enjoy so long and successful history of only a few a few home." Maintain and develop the Siemens by Werner von Siemens create technical invention and innovation, Siemens become human history and the era of electrical and electronic era coming photoelectric era.
Werner von Siemens life is brilliant, due to his outstanding contribution to
humanity, is regarded as a European electrical world shining stars. Werner von Siemens, 1816 was born in hannover, as farmers to his parents for the university, living, 18 Werner von Siemens into Berlin artillery school. During study period, Werner von Siemens namely began his invention. Admission to the next year, Werner von Siemens developed by his silver plated metal, the same factory technology, by the German first plating department. He also invented XinBan printing, and made the first XinBan printer. After graduation from school, Werner von Siemens in Prussian army in scientific research, and continue to Berlin university. 1845, after graduation from the university of Siemens invented the telegraph, automatic concentres pointer, and soon was successfully trial-produced a powerful explosion cotton gunpowder. In 1846, he created the first Malay gum wire, solve the problem of insulation wire. The next year, he laid the wires from Berlin to grouse, underground line. October 1847, has become the second officer of the Prussian Werner von Siemens and mechanic John George Hal, created in Berlin, Siemens, Hal telegraph manufacturing company. Company a success, so Werner von Siemens off armour, develop his career attentively. We have to bear the Berlin between Frankfurt 500 kilometers long lines of communication engineering, and laid by the Russian government designated as "tsarist Russia telegraph system construction and maintenance contractors, and Britain and Austria's telegraph systems engineering, laid connects London and in Calcutta was 1.1 million kilometers of the indo-european telegraph lines, laid across the Atlantic submarine wires. 1848, Werner von Siemens invented the electric current and the destruction of the underwater mines etc, but also greatly developed into mine electrical distance measurement device, use electric manipulation of ships. 1866, Werner von Siemens discovered the principle of work, after generator tough test repeatedly, developed the world since the two "game" generator excitation. This is the second time the industrial revolution of core technology in the world, generator is widely used. Siemens therefore won the highest reward - French "medal of honor," and was the king of Prussia a peerage. 1867, Werner von Siemens invented the alcohol was set to many European countries as standard measure for long-term use, and made a contribution to the standardization work. In 1881, Werner von Siemens
successfully developed the world's first trolley.
In 1892, Werner von Siemens died. His deathbed Werner von Siemens asked his children to insist on "year 20,000 invention innovation" and "the benefit of human society" and the policy of successful experience, insists on exploring new technology and innovation development. The 1936 Olympic Games, for the world of Siemens company producing the first frame cable TV. In 1938, built the first image telephones and electron microscope. In 1953, Siemens has super purity silicon by the entire development process of electronic technology and electrical technology revolution. In the early 1970s, Siemens has successfully developed telephone signal transmission system for communication, the modern business contributed by a telephone, coaxial can simultaneously transmit signals, make telephone 108 million telephone networks on the road of completely automated. Siemens company developed using traditional photographic plate printing to create micro chips, reached advanced level. In addition, Siemens is innovation can make two colors out simultaneously in a piece of paper on both sides of the copy of the new duplicator, and with the Dutch philips company for cooperation and development microcomputer.
Siemens company always to the invention of technology innovation in all the work of the first, attaches great importance to scientific development, and the continuous research into real productive forces. The invention of Siemens company in the book, you can see a series of European and world first: the first phone automatically switches, first long distance telephone, the first generator, the first electric locomotive, the first electronic microscope, the first type... According to statistics, in all aspects of German electrical technology patent, Siemens company have accounted for more than a quarter.
2, the Siemens technology innovation management
Core competence is the enterprise in the long-term operation of the formation, unique, dynamic ability, to support the enterprise resources in the market of present and future development of sustainable competitive advantage, the core competitiveness of enterprise integrating resources and is the result of various aspects ability. Technological innovation management aims to strengthen enterprise research
and development (R&D). Enterprise is the source of enterprise development of R&D and the basic guarantee long-term competitive advantages. Corporate R&D capability include: R&D resources obtaining and using ability, development ability, the R&D achievements transformation ability, etc. Everything in the world is one of the generation, development and decline of the life cycle. As the economic organizations, enterprises should also experienced business period, rise period, the heyday, decline and bankruptcy perish life. Enterprise life cycle length of key business period, how to pass after rise period, accelerate the extended its heyday, postponed its declining period. As a resource and ability of the enterprise aggregation, must flowing into the new resources, and continuously improve the market operation and management ability, the party may have to maintain and extend the life of the enterprise cycle. Product and service is the life of enterprise, the product life cycle elements relative to the enterprise's life cycle is short. Enterprise must develop more have market value of innovative products, one or several products reach up and in its heyday, not into decline period, one or several products has reached its rise and so on, bobo, interlocking continuous product innovation launched a "surge", the company thrives. Innovation of Siemens company continuously to inject vigor of life. For more than half a century in the long course of Siemens company, innovation, development, continuous innovation, product enterprise, is always taking off or flourishing and maintains the enterprise's prosperous. In recent years, along with the world economy globalization, the Siemens company products renewal speed is high. In 1980, Siemens company does not exceed 5 years of innovative products for 48 ﹪in 1998, has risen to 74, to 2003, Siemens is above 90 ﹪software products with high technology, innovative products. In more than 10 kinds of Siemens company product, was less than 4 years of 92 ﹪. Siemens company become "longevity enterprise" is the key to it.
Innovation is the main task for the management of innovation process management. Innovation process is generated from the innovation idea to innovation, product innovation to improve the innovation on the market after a series of activities and the logical relationship. Innovation is the most complex kind of business processes and
process, involving marketing, design, development, manufacture, management, finance, business strategy, etc. Technology and product innovation is the core concept of innovation, innovation of technology and product innovation is the foundation, system and mechanism innovation of technology and product innovation is the guarantee.
Siemens company realized: "in the continuous development of high technology, everything will soon be a thing of the past, only grasp the future, there is hope." To ensure that the new technology industries firmly seizing the initiative of Siemens company, the artificial intelligence, fusion, space technology, high-speed trains, solar energy utilization, such as optical technology research topic, strive for a breakthrough as soon as possible. The enterprise technological innovation, into the original innovation, introduction and innovation and imitation innovation etc. Various forms. The original innovation is in full on the basis of theoretical study of developmental innovation. Introduce innovation and imitation innovation is the original innovation based on improved, improve the innovative, thus formed smaller, faster convergence market risk. But with the technology market competition intensifies, innovation and imitation innovation in technology advanced, practicability and timely etc. Have been greatly restricted. From the innovation decision, technical development, capital investment, achievements and risks in such aspects as comprehensive, Siemens company mainly USES the original innovation. Siemens company has a large number of researchers, increased to technological innovation fund, pay great attention to the accumulation of innovation, has the strong research and technical development strength. Siemens global were present at 4.8 million professionals engaged in research and development. In Berlin, Irish roots and Munich has massive research and development center. The research funding for every 10 ﹪of the total business, above all German electrical industry research funds of 1/3. Ensure new technology in the leading position.
Siemens company research and development work after the second world war was once a pause. The Potsdam agreement will break and control of the German industry, scientific research and technological development activities. Until the late 1940s, a
single field research and development work regularly to recover. Nonetheless, Siemens company must also provide according to regulations regarding the military research project progress and a detailed report. Because of the serious loss caused by war, Siemens company in the development and research work according to the cost of the early 1950s war than sales nearly doubled. Despite the allied restrictions and prohibitions, Siemens innovation development still gained considerable achievements. In 1951, the invention of approximately 2100, registration, and 700 patents in foreign won 900 patents. In 1955, finally gave up on German Allies of scientific research, Siemens company after monitoring and international scientific rebuilt, and set up a laboratory in Munich. Established in 1965, Irish roots research center. Later in Berlin and Princeton, establish research laboratory. Siemens company in America, Austria and British established important research base. In 1969, Siemens company research and development institutions have been adjusted, a central nidalai. In 1988, the research and development of further strengthening functions. In 1996, Siemens will merge with the technical development centers. Every year in the patent application increased year by year. Siemens company 1995/96 in German patent bureau 2920 patents and using samples, and register at the European Patent Office also made 80 first registration. In the German Patent Office number is rising year 18 ﹪. In this year, Siemens has 5,200 invention of registration, and 1989/90 years increased 125 ﹪. At the end of the year 1995/96, Siemens company in the world about 7.3 million items, including protection of the patent for 44 ﹪issued by the use of registration and style.
Siemens technology innovation of significant advantage of all listed companies, the research projects have stressed the need to have high technical content, competitive, and thus develop developed passels suitable for market needs, walking in the world frontier science and technology of new technology, new product. Siemens company in electronic technology developed in 1983, can the bulk production 256 1000 memory chip. In the mid 1990s, after the world top level to a success. And, through and IBM, Toshiba and MOTOROLA cooperative development, Siemens company to gigabit chip technology pioneer role play. Due to emphasize on the future, technological
innovation of Siemens company research and development projects most far-sighted. Solar energy in terms of research and development, the company put large funds, and lead. In the lab, using "copper - indium - selenium" ternary material development of new solar battery, photoelectric conversion efficiency reached 18 ﹪above, have the huge potential market. Technology innovation adhere to the "customer-oriented, customer first" is our company's consistent principle of Siemens. For example, Germany in mobile phone users emphasize the function, and China mobile phone users pay more attention to the appearance and practical. Therefore, users in China to operate and sales personnel to use mobile phones are very important. Siemens company pays attention to cultural differences between the consumer behavior, October 1999 in Beijing, China and the United States Princeton established two user interface design center, in order to promote Siemens product localization.
3, Siemens innovation organization management
Innovative organization management including organization innovation and innovation activities of the organization. Innovation organization and management of technology innovation and product innovation is the guarantee. Innovative organization management is based on human, material and financial resources, forming a new efficient allocation of common purpose, and make the organization of its members with the responsibility, right and interest relationship, its purpose lies in the reconstruction of the further innovation goal. Organization innovation is mainly in corporeal carrier of management, called "soft technology innovation", Technological innovation and product innovation is called "hard technical innovation". "Soft technology innovation" less investment, risk and so on a series of small, easy effect. Siemens company through pro-active implementation of innovative organization management, enterprise's resources use more reasonable, the enterprise system operation more harmonious, production capacity of more efficient, effective play "hard for technological innovation, promoting gatherstrength" hard "technology" to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, plays an extremely important role. "Hardware" and "software technology innovation of technology innovation" is the relationship between and promote each other. "Hard technical innovation" results
want continuous effectively into the economic efficiency of enterprises, must have the corresponding "soft" and the technological innovation. "Hard technical innovation" to a certain extent, often called and forced the management mode of operation changes of, so as to promote "soft technological innovation;" On the other hand, effective organization innovation to maximize efficiency of production system, make have limited production capacity and enterprise economic benefits to further improve the technology of "hard" side of the "bottleneck", which can cause emergent and concentrate on the enterprise, thus promoting solved "hard technical innovation". The concept of innovation of Siemens company as an innovative organization management. Concept is the forerunner of practice, new concepts, will have new practice, new development. Enterprise must have the innovation practice must first innovation concept. Throughout the development process of Siemens company, the most prominent feature is the concept of innovation, and advanced the concept and consciousness. Werner von Siemens proposed "to human society" the innovation idea, he said: "I choose to study the public interest is premise." In the development of human society, the enterprises must constantly to human society ", "must be in the concept of social development following closely. In the new economic era, enter in the business enterprise principle of Siemens company emphasis on "market-oriented, satisfy human needs, protection, improving the environment and the development of the world's leading technology goal to pursue", formed to the requirements of the development of innovative ideas. To meet the needs of the user market concept technology innovation, thus realizing the goal of creating good economic benefit. Siemens company operating philosophy is: "I engaged in the invention, first is to consider whether these products to society, I chose the technological innovation in the interests of the user is premise, but always conducive to myself".
Siemens company adopted in favor of technological innovation in the overall structure and the organization USES tower centralized structure, internal structure by using mixed matrix subsidiary. The specific methods: a department to lead composition, marketing products and services for the sales, In the second set in finance, logistics, personnel, products and support various Marketing Department.
Marketing itself is a small and sound "sparrow", with various professionals. In order to accelerate the transfer information personnel, and relatively concentrated. This is according to the experience of small companies to revise and innovative organization structure. Small company mostly products, so researchers use a centralized, In the construction of large companies and the use of social resources, such as quality control, financial, product design etc. With the professional, social company itself, concentrate on the project development. Siemens company marketing is actually a small company, this kind of structure is used in fierce market changes.
Siemens company in capital control on the market mechanism, follow to compress the cost. Siemens company adopts "the market price of the cost and mechanism, by cost price", "the tradition. When the market price, only after the basic maximum compression cost will make a profit. Cost of compression technology innovation can sometimes be converted into innovative products and market. Siemens company, main measures of compressed cost is equipped with "specialized committee," strategic procurement of raw materials purchase price to strictly guards. Raw materials are often the main component of product cost. "Strategic sourcing committee", one of the main work is constantly seeking new suppliers or cultivate new price cheap suppliers. The second is the product standardization, parts in design standard, in order to reduce as far as possible using duplication and reduce the cost. The third is in full within the scope of the company established a number of "power", its essence is the cost of brainstorming compression rationalization proposals. The "power" by the workers and staff and managers, all advisors. This approach to save costs, such as production technology, the introduction to substitute materials, adopting new management and production measures to improve the warehouse management, improve work efficiency, reduce travel documents etc.
Siemens company in 1998 launch of the "TOP +" strategy, is the innovation of organizational management representative's masterpiece, promoted by the technical innovation and improve the quality of products.
"TOP +" is "whole optimization process is the abbreviation of". The successful implementation of Siemens company with "the TOP +" strategy are directly related.。