主谓一致教学案

初高中衔接班高中英语教学案（四）

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主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。

主谓一致的原则：

1. 语法一致原则：主语为单数形式谓语动词亦用单数形式；主语为复数形式谓语动词也用复数形式。

2. 意义一致原则：主语为单数含义谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数含义谓语动词也用复数形式。

3. 就近原则：谓语动词在人称和数上应与最靠近它的主语保持一致。

4. 整体原则：把主语部分当作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

①.当主语部分为A with/together with/along with B, A as well as B, A but B, A except B, A besides B, A including B, A rather than B, A no less than B等结构时，谓语动词应与A一致而与B无关。这就是我们所说的

“就远原则”

e.g. The house including the garden and the garage was sold.

Sunshine, as well as water, is needed to make plants grow.

②.有些名词(physics, maths, politics,economics,news等)作主语时形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍然用单数。

e.g. Maths is my favorite subject.

The news that he died of lung cancer was a shock to us.

③.集体名词作主语时，如若指整体则谓语动词用单数，如若指组成该集体的各个成员则谓语动词用复数。

e.g. Is your family a large one?

My family get up early on weekdays.

但people, police, cattle作主语时谓语动词总是用复数。

e.g. The police are after the thie

f.

④.当主语部分为either A or B, neither A nor B, not only A but also B等结构

时，主谓一致

遵循就近原则。There be ---固定句型中也遵循就近原则。

e.g. Not only you but also he has been to Cairo.

There is a pen, five pencils and two pencil-boxes on the table.

Neither you nor I am wrong.

⑤.由and连接的两个名词作主语时，如果指的是两个人或两件事，谓语动词用复数；如果指一个人或一件事，谓语动词用单数。

e.g. The black and the white coat are mine. 那件黑色的上衣和白色的上衣都是我的。

The black and white coat is mine. 那件黑白相间的上衣是我的。

When and where to build the new library hasn’t been decided.

⑥.短语more than one (+单数名词) 和many a +单数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。

e.g. More than one team enters for the relay race.

Many a man has tried this experiment before.

⑦.如若主语为every A and (every) B, each A and (each) B, no A and (no) B, many a A and (many

a) B等结构时，谓语动词用单数。

e.g. Many a boy and many a girl has handed in their books.

⑧.a large quantity of +可数名词/不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of+

可数名词/不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

e.g. A large quantity of good soil has been washed away in recent years.

Large quantities of good soil have been washed away in recent years.

⑨.百分之几/几分之几+of +名词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与of后的名词保持一致。即of后如果是可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。

e.g. 55 percent of the students are girls.

Four fifths of the work has been done.

但one and a half +复数名词和a series of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词还是用单数形式。e.g. One and a half aspirins is left in the bottle.

A series of events was caused by the accident.

⑩.不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g. Seeing is believing. Believing is seeing.

11. 名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

e.g. Where we will go picnicking hasn’t been decided yet.

It depends on the weather whether we can finish the project on time.

但what引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。

e.g. What we need is more time.

What she left me are a few books.

12. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值等名词作主语时，尽管是复数形式，但仍被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g. One hundred li was covered in a single night.

Five million dollars is a large sum of money.

13. one of +复数名词+定语从句，从句的谓语动词用复数；而the one of +复数名词+定语从句，从句的谓语动词用单数。

e.g. Jack was one of the students who were praised at the meeting.

Jack was the one of the students who was praised at the meeting.

14. the number of +复数名词：---的数量/数目，作主语时谓语动词用单数。

a number of +复数名词：许多的/大量的---，作主语时谓语动词用复数。

e.g. The number of the students in our school is much larger than that in their

school.

A number of students are having sports on the playground.

巩固练习

01. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _______used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

02. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ________ rising these days.

A. was keeping

B. keep

C. keeps

D. were keeping

03. In the dark forests _________, some large enough to hold several English towns.

A. stand many lakes

B. lie many lakes

C. many lakes lie

D. many lakes stand

04. Professor James will give us a lecture on the western culture, but when and where _______yet.

A. hasn’t been decided

B. haven’t decided

C. isn’t being decided

D. aren’t decided