阅读：主旨大意题

第二讲主旨大意题

【技法指导】

主旨大意题要求考生认真阅读分析原文，根据其内容正确判断文章主旨大意。

1.寻找主题确定文章大意

因为主题是文章主旨大意的充分体现，所以寻找主题可以快速准确地确定文章大意。

选择文章的标题时应注意以下几点：

(1)要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑选项与文章主题是否有密切的关系；

(2)再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何，看题目是过大还是过小；

(3)要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致不能全面概括文章大意)；②过度概括(多表现为标题概括内容超出了文章大意)；③以事实、细节替代抽象、具体的大意。

【设题类型】

1．概括文章/段落大意；

2．选出最佳题目(标题)；

3．概括人物特点。

【设问形式】

1．标题类常见的题干：

(1) The best title / headline for this passage might be________.

(2) The text (passage) could be entitled ________.

(3) What is the best title for the passage?

(4) Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?

2．大意类常见的题干：

(1) This passage chiefly deals with ________.

(2) What’s the topic of the article?

(3) What is the subject discussed in the text?

【典例精析】

原文：

(2012·新课标卷阅读理解B篇第一段)Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.

试题：What can be the best title for the text？(63题)

A. Wild Bees

B. Wax and Honey

C. Beekeeping in Africa

D. Honey-Lover's Helper

解析：选D。第一段最后一句点明了本文的中心话题，下文都围绕这种小鸟展开叙述，所以D项最能概括文章大意。

2. 概括段落大意总结文章大意

众所周知，主旨大意始终引导与制约着文意的发展方向，所以阅读材料的每一节内容都围绕并服务于主旨大意。可见借助文章每一节的大意可以总结概括全文大意，从而顺利解答主旨大意判断题。

【典例精析】

Passage 1 (2012年湖南高考B篇)

Still seeking a destination for your weekend break? There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college.

65. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Some places for weekend break

B. A way to become creative in art.

C. The colorful life in the countryside.

D. Unknown stories of Cambridge University.

解析：选A。主旨大意题. 文章开始第一句。

3. 利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意

实践表明，不是每篇阅读材料都有明确的主题句、也不是所有段落都有明确的段落主题句。显然，无法找到现成主题句或无法由段落大意总结概括出主旨大意时只能利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意。

【典例精析】

原文：

(2012·山东卷阅读理解B篇)One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文) showing how it was used.