非谓语动词讲义

非谓语动词

一、分词的用法：

1. .现在分词：

过去分词：

2. 现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态的变化：

***

1. Most of the artists_______to the party were Germans.

A. invited

B. to invited

C. being invited

D. have been invited

2. In autumn, we saw_______leaves on the ground.

A. falling

B. fallen

C. having fallen

D. having been fallen

3. _______his homework, he left his room.

A. Finishing

B. Being finished

C. Finished

D. Having finished

4. Our monitor is gathering our compositons________.

A. have finished

B. finished in time

C. having been finished

D. to be finished

5. _______from the space, our earth looks like a huge globe.

A. Seeing

B. Being seen

C. Seen

D. Having been seen

6. _______how to use the computer, we began to practise.

A. Shown

B. Having shown

C. Having been shown

D. Showing

7. _______a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving

B. Receiving

C. Not having received

D. Having not received 3. 分词的否定式：not +doing un+done

1) Not knowing what to do, he asked for help.

2) He went home with the work unfinished.

3) He wrote again, not having received an answer.

4) It’s unknown whether he will come or not.

4. 分词的作用：在句子中作定语、表语、补语、状语。

A). 作定语. 1. 单个分词位于所修饰名词前，分词短语位于名词后

2. 相当于定语从句

***1. 考虑和名词之间的关系

2.分词的完成式不作定语

3.表示人的心理活动和思想情绪的分词

1. The problem____________________now is important.(discuss)

2. The problem____________________yesterday is important.(discuss)

3. Are all Chinese textbooks______________in your_____________house?(publish)

4. The book_________________to me is lost.(belong)

5. The_____________studnets were puzzled by the______________question.(puzzle)

6. In the past, they used a____________stick to give light and a________________stick to write with.(burn)

7. Don’t drink___________water.It is too hot, so let’s drink_________water.(boil)

8. There was an___________expression on his face when he saw her.(excite)

9.From his_________voice, I have to say you are really an___________boy.(disappoint)

10. The____________girl cried when she saw the__________tiger.(frighten)

B). 分词作表语：1. 分词相当于形容词，前可有副词修饰

__________________________________________________________________________

1.The door remained____________(unlock)

2.The boy remained_____________behind the door.(stand)

3.I was___________,for the news was__________.(surprise)

4.From his_____________face, I know he was________at the film.(excite)

__________________________________________________________________________

C). 分词作宾语补足语

1.分词作感官动词的宾语补足语：

1). I found him___________(repair) the bike when I entered the room.

2). Yesterday he heard the boy_________ by his father.(beat)

3). I saw the car__________when I was on my way home.

4). Did you see the boy__________off the tree.(fall)

2. 分词作使役动词的宾语补足语：

have get

keep leave

make catch

send

1). The soldier’s wound was left________________.(expose)

2). The speaker raised his voice but still could n’t make himself__________.(hear)

3). You’d better make yourself___________what to do next.(know)

4). What he said got me___________.(think)

5). The heavy blow sent the knife___________.(fly)

6). The boy was caught_____________books from the library.(steal)

D). 分词作状语：1. 作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果状语

2. 分词作状语其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语

3.

1). 作时间状语

1. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

2. Arriving at the station, we first went to the booking office.

3. When heated, ice changes into water. ***1)______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

2)______________________________________________________________________

1. While walking along the street, I saw a little girl running to me.

2. Be careful when doing exercises.

3. when asked why he was late, he stared at us and said nothing.

4. Having answered the e-mail, he went on to surf the Internet.

5. Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to the village. 2). 作原因状语_______________

1). Being +______________ 2). Not +doing

_______________

3). ______________________________________________________

1). Being a Party member, you must always think of others.

2). Being surrounded, the enemy was forced to surrender.

3). (Being)Encouraged by his words, I was determined to try again.

4). Not knowing what to do, I had to ask him.

5)._________, I couldn’t go to school in my childhood.

A. Being poor

B. Poor

C. To be poor

D. Having been poor

6).__________a student, he was interested in books.

7). __________how to pronounce the word, he stopped________a dictionary.

A. not knowing; turning to

B. Knowing; look it up in

C. Not to know; to turn to

D. Not knowing; to look it up in

8). ________his article, he didn’t go for the holiday.

A. Having finished writing

B. Not having finished writing

C. Not finishing writing

D. Unfinished wrting

***分词的否定式______________________________

分词的完成式______________________________

3). 作伴随、条件、结果、方式、让步等状语，常用_________________

1._________from the hill, we can see the whole town.(see)

2._________from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.(see)

3. The frighted boy stood there,____________.(tremble)

4. The astonished person stood there, ___________.(dumbfound)

5.________more attention, the trees could have grown taller.(give)

6.________some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.(follow)

7.________three times, he still didn’t understand it.(teach)

8. The plane crashed in the mountain,___________all the passengers.(kill)

9. The children went home,___________their mother.

10. The trainer appeared on the stage,_____________six dogs.

11. Six dogs appeared on the stage,____________the trainer.

***1). 结果状语有时用______________表_________________________________

2). 有时为了强调，过去分词前加某些连词（也就是从句中_____________________）__________________________________________________________________________

1.Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

2.Even if invited, I couldn’t spare time to go to the party.

3.Though punished many times, he still made the mistakes.

***be+done构成的分词短语做后置定语、状语、宾补时，省略be词。

1.Caught in the traffic jam, I was late for the meeting.

2.Lost in the novel, he didn’t notice the teacher come in.

3.The boy caught stealing in the store has been sent to the police station.

Correct:

1.He sat there, read a letter.

2.Dressing in red, she looked more beautiful.

3.The letter reached me, excited.

4.He sat there, surprising.

5.Though being tired, they went on working.

6.If seeing from the hill, the city looks beautiful.

7.When was given more time, I would do it better.

8.They went out of the room, jumping and laughed.

9.Once forming, the bad habit isn’t easy to get rid of.

10.He was caught in the rain, only become ill.

11.Having been answered the letter, he went on to listen to the radio.

12.I was determined to try again, encouraging by his words.

13.He stopped as if expected me to speak.

***分词作状语时的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语

1.While working in the garden,______________.

A. his leg was hurt

B. he hurt his leg

C. a man came in

2. ________a stranger came in, the girl’s face turned red.

A. Seeing

B. When seeing

C. When she saw

***分词不能和并列连词连用

1.__________tired, so he couldn’t walk any further.

A. Being

B. When being

C. He was

D. When he was

2. ___________why he was late again, but he didn’t answer.

A. Asked

B. Asking

C. He was asked

D. When asked

***独立成分judging from/by….;honestly speaking; generrally speaking; considering…

1.Judging from her accent, she must be from Henan.

2.He speaks Chinese quite well, considering that he has been in China. ***独立主格：分词的逻辑主语和句子的逻辑主语不一致时，在分词前面加上自己的逻辑主语，此结构作状语。（With+）n/pron+doing/done

1.________,they went home.

A. Work done

B. They had done the work

C. Having been done the work

D.Doing the work

2.The meeting______over, we all left the room and drove home.

A. is

B. being

C. was

D. is being

3.________,they will go and visit the zoo.

A. Weather permitted

B. Weather permitting

C. Weather permits

4.________no bus, they had to walk to work.

A. It being

B. There being

C. There was

D. Being

5._______,he didn’t go to school.

A. Being ill

B. Mother being ill

C. As he was ill

D.All above

6. He lay on the grass, his hand_____under his head.(cross)

7. He stood there, his head___________constantly.(shake)

8. When________,(heat)the metal expands, and if______(allow) to cool, it will contract.

9. The weather___________(be) fine, so they decided to go out for a picnic.

10. The signal__________(give),the bus pulled away.

***无衣着分词（分词和主语无关系）

Entering the room, I found nobody in it. / Entering the room, nobody was found in it. Our house painted white, we like it. / Painted white, we lile it.

*_______such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A. Having suffered

B. Suffering

C. Suffered

动词的不定式和动名词

***

1.The boy pretended to________________(sleep) when his father came in.

2.Charles is generally considered to_________________(invent) the computer.

3.She didn’t remember________________him before.(meet)

4.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_____________________.(catch)

5.The work is___________________(do) this afternoon.

6.They attended the meeting without____________________.(invite)

复合结构

1.不定式1.

2.

2. 动名词

1.Do you mind_____________________?(I smoke)

2.__________________(Tom be) late made me angry.

3.Do you think it important_________________(us study) English?

4.I don’t know______________________(what do) next.

否定式：不定式

动名词

1.I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.

2.It is no use suggesting her not going.

3.Tom’s not coming made me angry.

4.It is rude for you to speak to her.

5.In order not to be seen, he hid himself behind the tree.

作用：不定式作主语、宾语、补语、定语、状语、表语

动名词作主语、表语、宾语、定语

A).作主语：不定式表具体或一次性的动作，动名词表经常动作

常用IT作形式主语

1.I like____________(skate), but I don’t like___________today.

2.He doesn’t like________________(laugh) at.

B).作宾语：

不定式常作以下动词的宾语：动名词常作以下动词的宾语

EXERCISES:

1.Keep_____________(practise)____________(say) the language.

2.I happened_____________(see) it before.

3.He was lucky, he missed_________________(catch)

4.I can’t afford________________(buy) a color TV.

5.I must go now. I can’t help_______________the room.(clean)

6.When I heard this, I could n’t help_______________(laugh)

7.No one would like______________(risk)____________(ride) in a balloon.

8.You are not allowed______________________(smoke) here.

9.I’m considering_________________(accept) your offer.

10.She couldn’t bear_____________(keep)________________(wait)

***begin/start/continue

Like/love/prefer/hate

Forget/remember

try mean

stop regret

require/need/want

EXERCISES:

1.Mrs. Brown regretted________________(beat) his son.

2.He meant_________________us about it, but he forgot to do so.(tell)

3.One of the books is worth________________(translate)

4.Mr.Li was used to_________________(sleep) with his eyes open.

5.Your sister needs__________________(look) after.

6.Oh. The light is on, I forgot_______________(turn) it off.

7.I remember_________________him somewhere.(see)

8.What you said meant_______________(lose) a close friend.

C)作定语：动名词作定语

a washing machine; a walking stick; a sleeping car; the dancing hall

不定式作定语：常后置。表示动作尚未发生或可能发生。

1.______________________________________________________________________ Eg. 1. I have nothing________________.(say)

2. The work_________________(do) is to save money.

3. The man_________________(run)the machine is my brother.

4. I will go to Beijing. Have you anything___________(take) to your brother?

5. Every day, she would bring him the paper___________(read)

2.______________________________________________________________________

1. They found a house to live in.

2. I have no chair to sit on.

3. He is a nice man to work with.

3._________________________________________________________________________

1. She was the first man to finish the work.

2. I was the last to reach the top of the hill.

D). 不定式作补语：V+O+do/V+O+(not) to do

E). 不定式作状语：目的、原因、结果、程度

1. 目的

1. I got up early in order not to miss the train.

2. Tom came so as to borrow a dictionary from me.

3. To unite, you’d better stop quarrelling.

2. 结果1.The boy is too young to go to school.

2.The ice is thick enough to skate on.

3.He was so angry as to be unable to speak.

4.He wnet home in a hurry only to find the door was locked.

3.原因

1.I’m sorry to hear that.

2.He jumped to see his mother.

4.程度

1.The problem is difficult to understand.

2.The box seems heavy to carry.

3.The soup feels hot to drink.

F). 插入语

Correct:

1.In the old day, the working people were made work long hours.

2.The whale’s bones are not strong enough to be hold up their muscles.

3.The classroom needs cleaned.

4.I heard him said so.

5.That movie is worthy seeing.

6.I found the book difficult to be understood.

7.Tell you the truth, I don’t like you.