新编英语教程5册Unit1的答案

Comprehension
I. Judge which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the article.
A. To be able to use the right word is an important component of one’s mastery of the English language.
B. To facilitate one’s own process of cognition and one’s communication with others, one must be able to choose the right word from the extensive vocabulary of the English language.
C. It is more important to know exactly the meaning and use of a relatively small number of words than to know vaguely a larger number.
II. Determine which is the best choice for each of the following questions.
1. “Clean English” in the first paragraph means .
A. English of a dignified style
B. English free from swear words
C. English which is precise and clear
w ord “realization” in the sentence “Choosing words is part of the process of realization…” means .
A. articulating sounds
B. fulfilling one’s goals
C. becoming aware of what one thinks and feels
3. The example given in para. 3 of a man searching for the right word for his feelings about his friend illustrates the function words perform in .
A. defining out thoughts and feelings for ourselves
B. defining our thoughts and feelings for those who hear us
C. both A and B
4. The word “cleanly” in the last sentence means .
A. squarely
B. clearly
C. neatly
examples of the untranslatability of some words given in para. 11 best illustrate which sentence of the paragraph?
A. The first sentence.
B. The second sentence.
C. The third sentence.
III. Answer the following questions.
1. Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?
2. What does the word “this” in sentence 1, pa ra. 2, refer to?
3. Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see what I say”? Why or why not?
4. Explain why the word “imprison” in the example given in para. 9, though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s purpose.
5. What is the difference between “human” and “humane”? And the difference between “human action” and “humane action”, and also that between “human killer” and “humane killer”?
6. What does the word “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be alive to these differences” (para. 9) mean?
7. Why is it difficult and sometimes even impossible to translate a word from one language into another as illustrated in para. 11? Supply some such examples with English and Chinese.
8. The writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words. Identify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.
Language Work
I. Read the following list of words and consider carefully the meaning of each word. Then complete each of the sentences below using the correct form of an appropriate word from the list.
Creep Loiter March Meander Pace Patrol Plod Prowl Ramble Roam Saunter
Shuffle Stagger Stalk Step Stride Strut Stroll Toddle Tramp Tread Trudge Walk
1. After the maths examination Fred, feeling exhausted, across the campus.
2. The soldiers reached their camp after 15 miles through the deep snow.
3. It is pleasant to in the park in the evening.
4. After the cross-country race Jack to the changing room.
5. Last night when he sleepily to the ringing telephone, he accidentally bumped into the wardrobe.
6. We saw him towards the station a few minutes before the train’s departure.
7. The old couple through the park, looking for a secluded bench to sit on and rest.
8. The newly-appointed general about the room like a latter-day Napoleon.
9. Peter whistled happily as he along the beach.
10. These old people liked to about the antique ruins in search of a shady picnic spot.
11. Many tourists about the mall, windowshopping.
12. We were fascinated by the view outside the room----a beautiful verdant meadow and brooks through it.
13. Mary used to about the hills and pick wild flowers for her mother.
14. Eager to see the pony in the stable, the children down the staircase, their hearts pounding violently.
15. The lion had the jungle for a long time before it caught sight of a hare.
16. My brother began to when he was ten months old.
17. The farmers often let their horses freely in the meadow so that they could eat their fill of grass.
18. The patrols were along through the undergrowth when the bomb exploded.
19. The thugs were reported to be the streets for women workers who were on their way home after the afternoon shift.
20. The first-year students not only learned how to , they were also taught how to take aim and shoot when they had military training.
21. Sometimes Tom, our reporter, would up and down the study, deep in thought.
22. When he was Third Street, Fred found the little match girl lying dead at the street corner.
23. Secretaries hated seeing their new manager in and out of the office without even casting a glance at them.
24. Mother asked us to lightly so as not to wake Granny.
25. The refugees for miles and miles all day hunting for a place to work.
26. When the pop singer out of the car, his fans ran to him, eager to get his autograph.
27. The laborers on their way home after working in the plantation the whole day.
lion was feeling pretty good as he (A) through the jungle. Seeing a tiger, the lion stopped it.
“Who is the King of the jungle?” the lion demanded.
“You, O lion, are the King of the jungle,” replied the tiger.
Satisfied, the lion (B) on, until he came across a large, ferocious-looking leopard.
“Who is the King of the jungle?” asked the lion, and the leopard bowed in awe. “You, mighty lion, you are the King of the jungle,” it said humbly and (C) off.
Feeling on top of the world, the lion proudly (D) up to a huge elephant and asked the same question. “Who is the King of the jungle?”
Without answering, the elephant picked up the lion, swirled him round in the air, smashed him to the ground and jumped on him.
“Look,” said the lion, “there’s no need to get mad just because you didn’t know the answer.”
II. Make a list of more specific words for each of the following general terms. For example, for WALK, you could list stride, stroll, saunter, plod, toddle and so on. Give sentences to illustrate how the words may be used.
1. SAY
2. SEE
3. BEVERAGE
4. EXCITEMENT
5. DELIGHT
6. SKILFUL
III. In the following sentences three alternatives are given in parentheses for the italicized words. Select the one which you think is most suitable in the context.
1. A clumsy (heavy, stupid, unskillful) workman is likely to find fault with his tools.
2. As John was a deft (skillful, clever, ready) mechanic, he was hired by the joint-venture in no time.
3. The writer made a point of avoiding using loose(vague, unbound, disengaged) terminology in his science fiction.
4. We didn’t appreciate his subtle(delicate, tricky, profound) scheme to make money at the expense of the customers.
5. Annie Oakley became famous as one of the world’s most precise (accurate, scrupulous, rigid) sharpshooters.
6. The government in that newly-independent country has decided to make a shift (alteration, turn, transference) in its foreign policies.
7. Misunderstanding arose on account of the vague(undetermined, confused, ambiguous) instructions on the part of the manager.
8. If soldiers do not pay scrupulous (exact, vigilant, conscientious) attention to orders they will not defeat the enemy.
9. In some areas, the virgin forest has been cut through ignorance (blindness, want of knowledge, darkness) of the value of trees.
10. Since many pure metals have such disadvantages (harm, unfavourableness, drawbacks) as being too soft and being liable to rust too easily, they have little use.
11. My colleague, Mr. Hill, has a small but well-chosen library, where it is said he spends most of his spare time cultivating(nourishing, tilling, developing) his mind.
12. If you think photography is my hobby, your belief is quite mistaken (fraudulent, erroneous, deceitful).
13. What appears to the laymen as unimportant (minute, trivial, diminutive) and unrelated facts is often precious to the archaeologist.
14. The lounge has a seating capacity of 30 people but it is too dark (dim, dingy, gloomy) to read there.
15. These career-oriented women are used to flexible (adaptable, willowy, docile) working hours in the office.
16. Only experts with a professional eye can tell the fine(fair, pleasant, subtle) distinction between the two gems.
17. The goose quill pen has a great sentimental (tender, emotional, soft) appeal to Emily as it was a gift from her best friend.
18. Being thoughtful of and enthusiastic towards others is the essence (gist, kernel, quintessence) of politeness.
19. When Iraq destroyed some of its nuclear and chemical weapons, it acted under coercion (repression, concession, compulsion).
20. My uncle’s oft-repeated anecdotes of his adventures in Africa were fascinating (catching, pleasing, absorbing ) to listen to.
IV. Give one generic term that covers each of the following groups of words.
1. artificer, turner, joiner, carpenter, weaver, binder, potter, paper-cutter
2. volume, brochure, pamphlet, treatise, handbook, manual, textbook, booklet
3. painter, sculptor, carver, poet, novelist, musician, sketcher
4. grin, smirk, beam, simper
5. donation, subscription, alms, grant, endowment
6. bandit, poacher, swindler, fraud, embezzler, imposter, smuggler
7. nibble, munch, devour, gulp
8. drowse, doze, slumber, hibernate, coma, rest, nap
9. manufacture, construct, weave, compose, compile
10. ancient, antique, old-fashioned, obsolete, archaic
11. slap, tap, pat, thump, whack
12. alight, descend, dismount, disembark
V. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word.
In discussing the relative difficulties of analysis which the exact and inexact sciences face, let me begin with an analogy. Would you agree that swimmers are (1) skilful athletes than runners (2) swimmers do not move as fast as runners? You probably would (3) . You would quickly point out
(4) water offers greater (5) to swimmers than the air and ground do to (6) Agreed, that is just the point. In seeking to (7) their problems, the social scientists encounter (8) resistance than the physical scientists. By (9) I do not mean to belittle the great accomplishments of physical scientists who have been able, for example, to determine the structure of the atom (10) seeing it. That is a tremendous (11) yet (12) many ways it is not so difficult as what the social scientists are expected to (13) . The conditions under which the social scientists must work would drive a (14) scientist frantic. Here are five of (15) conditions. He can perform (16) experiments; he cannot measure the results accurately; he (17) control the conditions surrounding (18) experiments; he is of the expected to get quick results
(19) slow-acting economic forces; and he must work with people,
(20) with inanimate objects…
VI. Following Warner’s model of establishing an analogy between two dissimilar things, write a passage, discussing the learning of a foreign language. You are supposed to use an analogy to help you explain. For instance, you may compare the learning of a foreign language to that of swimming, bike-riding, etc.
UNIT 1 TEXT 1
Exercises Keys
Comprehension:
I. B ;
II. ;
III. 1. “So with language; …firmly and exactly.”
2. Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.
3. Yes, I do. It sounds irrational that a person does not know what he himself thinks before he sees what he says. But as a matter of fact, it is quite true that unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are; without words, our thoughts cannot be defined or stated in a clear and precise manner.
4. “Malapropism” means the uninten tional misuse of a word by confusing it with one that resembles it, such as human for humane, singularity for singleness. But the misuse of “imprison” is a different case. It is wrongly chosen because the user has failed to recognize its connotation.
5. human=of, characterizing, or relating to man
humane=characterized by kindness, mercy, sympathy
Thus: human action=action taken by man; humane action=merciful action; human killer=person that kills humans ; humane killer=that which kills but causes little pain
6. sensitive, alert
7. Those are words denoting notions which are existent only in specific culture, not universally shared by all cultures. English words difficult to be turned into Chinese: privacy, party, lobby (v.), etc. Chinese words difficult to be turned into English: 吹风会，粽子，五保户，etc.
8. “We don’t have to look far afield to find evidence of bad carpentry.”
“It is perhaps easier to be a good craftsman with wood and nails than a good craftsman with words.”
“A good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the ‘mot juste’, the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head.”
Language Work:
I. 1. shuffled/trudged 2. trudging 3. stroll 4. staggered 5. staggered 6. striding 7. strolled 8. strutted 9. sauntered/strolled 10. ramble/roam 11. loitered 12. meandering 13. roam 14. crept 15. prowled 16. toddle 17. roam
18. creeping 19. prowling 20. march 21. pace 22. patrolling 23. stalking 24. tread 25. tramped 26. stepped 27. plodded 28. A. prowled/strutted B. strolled/sauntered C. walked/crept D. marched/strutted
speak, tell, declare, pronounce, express, state, argue, affirm, mention, allege, recite, repeat, rehearse
2. SEE: behold, look at, glimpse, glance at, view, survey, contemplate, perceive, notice, observe, discern, distinguish, remark, comprehend, understand, know
3. BEVERAGE: liquor, wine, beer, tea, coffee, milk drink, soft drink
4. EXCITEMENT: agitation, perturbation, commotion, disturbance, tension, bustle, stir, flutter, sensation
5. DELIGHT: joy, gladness, satisfaction, charm, rapture, ecstasy, pleasure, gratification
6. SKILFUL: apt, ingenious, handy, ready, quick, smart, expert, capable, able, gifted, talented, dexterous, clever
III. 1. clumsy----unskillful 2. deft----skillful 3. loose----vague 4. subtle----tricky 5. precise----accurate 6. shift----alteration 7. vague----ambiguous
8. scrupulous----conscientious 9. ignorance----want of knowledge 10. disadvantages----drawbacks 11. cultivation----developing 12. mistaken----erroneous 13. unimportant----trivial 14. dark----dim 15. flexible----adaptable 16. fine----subtle 17. sentimental----emotional 18. essence----quintessence 19. coercion----compulsion 20. fascinating----absorbing
IV. 1. craftsman 2. book/publication 3. artist 4. smile 5. contribution 6. law-breaker 7. eat 8. sleep 9. make 10. old 11. hit 12. get off
V. 1. less 2. because/since/as 3. not 4. that 5. resistance 6. runners 7. solve 8. greater/more 9. that 10. without 11. achievement/feat 12. in 13. do 14. physical 15. those 16. few 17. cannot 18. the 19. with 20. not。