第三章 词汇翻译(二、三)

第三章词汇翻译

第二节省略法

一、冠词的省略

1.In a word China is a developing country. It needs time to have further development.

ser can be used as a surgical instrument since the beam can cut through tissue in an instant.

二、代词的省略

1.Friction always manifests itself as a force that opposes motion.

2.We should concern ourselves here only with the sentence patterns.

3.It is better to do well than to say well.

三、介词的省略

1.The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.

2.Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried

by an electric current.

3.The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of

mind.

4.She said, with perfect truth, that “it must be delightful to have a brother,” and easily got the

pity of tender-hearted Amelia, for being alone in the world, an orphan without friends and kindred.

四、连词的省略

1.Some bacteria are extremely harmful but others are helpful.

2.Because heat does not take up any room and it does not weigh anything, it is not a material.

3.The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.

五、动词的省略

1.If you are going to be unhappy, it is easier to be unhappy in comfort.

2.That is why he became irritable.

3.He was smooth and agreeable to meet.

第三节增词法

一、英语抽象名词的翻译

1.He was still reluctant to talk substance.

2.Many changes take place during the transformation.

3.Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.

二、将具体形象的词译成该形象所具有的属性和特征，这是一种引申，需增词

1.It was a Godsend to him.

2.If you dare to play the fox with me, I’ll shoot you at once.

三、增添“概括”性的词

1.He had slept there before, in July and again in October.

2.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.

3.The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.

四、英文中为避免重复而省略之词，汉译时需补上，作必要的重复

1.I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.

五、汉译文根据原文意思增加一些必要的解释性文字

1.And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his university of the future.

2.Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for, “like Aaron’s rod, with

flowers”.

一、增补语义上、修辞上需要的词

A. 名词、动名词前增补动词

1.We often go to the school-run factory for labor.

2.Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.

B. 增补附加性词

1.It is enough to shatter complacency.

2.From the evaporation of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain

conditions.

C. 增补概括性的词

1.Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

2.This report summed up the achievements in technology and education.