第四章 翻译的技巧 (2)

第四章翻译的技巧（2）译例与练习

班级：2010级13班姓名：黎淑君学号：07101318

二、变态：被动语态的译法

（一）英语中被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句可以有几种不同情况。

1. 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语

⑴The streets are filled with vehicles.

⑵The murderer was caught at last.

⑶Students are kept on probation for one semester.

2.英语原文中的主语在译文中译作宾语

⑴By the end of the last week, over 500 people had been saved since the earthquake.

3.原文中的被动句汉译时，有时可译为无主语句

⑴Some measures should be adopted to deal with the urgent situation.

⑵Time can always be found to do things one wants to do.

译为代表语的汉语主动句

⑴He said the pact had now been reduced to less than a shadow.

翻译练习：

①Happy reunion is much left among the family members at the Spring Festival. (英语原文

中的主语在译文中仍作主语)

②The coming oral test is said to be rather difficult, so I feel a bit nervous.

③The decision to go abroad was not taken easily.

（二）译成汉语被动句

1.汉语也有用被动形式来表达的情况。

⑴The delegates from the remote areas were given a hearty welcome.

⑵The economic development is decided to great extent by science and technology.

⑶The subject will be further dealt with in that essay.

⑷I couldn’t sleep at a ll since I was troubled by the noise from the worksite.

（三）有by-phrase的被动语态的翻译：这一类句子汉译时，可采用多种方式来表达。

⑴Many expect that he will be outed by one of his rivals.

⑵His sincerity is illustrated not only by his proposal but also by his deeds.

⑶Here is a clear case of the course of human history being affected by the scientific and technological revolution.

（四）It+be+p.p句型的翻译

⑴It is considered not advisable to act that way.

⑵It should be understood that to err is human.

在语态翻译中，有一些常见的英语被动结构的汉译法，特收之罗列于下，以供翻译时参考之用。ⅰ须增补主语的

It is asked that ... 有人会问It is asserted that ... 有人主张

It is believed that ... 有人相信It is felt that ... 有人感到

It is found that ... 有人发现It is generally considered that ...大家认为

It is noticed that ... 人们注意到It is pointed that ... 有人指出

It is regarded that ... 人们认为It is stressed that ... 有人强调

It is suggested that ... 有人建议It is thought that ... 人们认为

It will be said that ... 有人会说It was told that ... 有人曾经说

It is well known that ...大家知道/众所周知

ⅱ无须增补主语的

It can be seen that ... 可见It cannot be denied that ... 不可否认

It has been calculated that ... 据计算It has been reviewed that ... 回顾了

It is arranged that ... 已商定It is assumed that ... 假定/据推测

It is declared that ... 据宣称It is demonstrated that ... 据证实

It is enumerated that ... 列举出It is hoped that ... 希望

It is learned that ... 据说It is mentioned that ... 上文提到

It is outlined that ... 概括地说It is preferred that ... 最好

It is stated that ... 据说It is supposed that ... 假定

It must be admitted that ... 必须承认It must be pointed out that ...必须指出

It will be seen from this that ... 由此可见

It may be said without fear that ... 可以毫不夸张地说

翻译练习：

①It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence. （It+be+p.p句型的翻译）

②The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by

mechanical power. (有by-phrase的被动语态的翻译)

③Last year the region was visited by the worst drought in 50 years.

(转译成带被动标记的汉语主动语态)

④ A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics.

四．汉译英的语态变换

（一）不带被动标记的汉语被动句的翻译

⑴每逢双休日，我总要去乡村度假。