2 语感与翻译思维

焦点与散点
化整与聚零
―中国人作文虽讲究炼句，然其所谓炼只是着重在造成一 个典雅的句子，并非要扩充句子的组织。恰恰相反，中国 人喜欢用四个字的短句子，以为这样可以使文章遒劲。由 此看来，西洋人做文章把语言化零为整，中国人做文章几 乎可以说是化整为零。”
焦点与散点、化整与聚零
而或长烟一空，皓月千里，浮光跃金，静影沉璧，渔歌互 答，此乐何极！ Or when the expanse of the sky is free from clouds and the bright moon shines thousands of miles, floating lights glister like gold and the still shadows quiver like sinking precious stones, and the fishermen sing one to another with songs — there is no end to such joy! Sometimes, when the mist over the Lake vanishes, the glorious moon shines over the vast land, its brightness glistening with golden light on the lake. The reflection of the moon is like a piece of jade in the depths of the water. The fishermen's songs chime in with each other. How delightful they are!
第二讲： 语感与翻译思维
语感的要素？
语感的要素？
语音、节奏 语言的习惯 选词 句型 句子顺序 ……
英语语感：对比
When my brother Jimmy was born, he didn’t get enough oxygen, which caused some damage to his brain. My brother, Jimmy, did not get enough oxygen during a difficult ________, ________him with brain damage. delivery leaving Usually my brother was very friendly, but now he stopped speaking completely and nothing we said could change the empty look on his face. Usually very agreeable, he now quit speaking altogether and no penetrate amount of words could __________ the vacant expression he _______ on his face. wore It was so cold in the air that we shivered. Therefore we made a fire in the Franklin stove. A shiver in the air ________ a fire in the Franklin stove. inspired
重复与替代
Many employers employ a special strategy with new employees. bosses use Many _______ _____ a special strategy with new employees. Close examination of the results of the investigation led to a reorganization of the department. study inquiry Close _______ of the results of the __________ led to a reorganization of the department. 汉语，整体思维，周遍性重复 这年头什么都要送礼，生要送礼，老要送礼，病要送礼，死要送礼。 Nowadays you’ll have to send presents on almost every occasion – presents for childbirth, on the birthday of the aged, to show your care when somebody is ill or some help to make arrangement for somebody’s funeral.
主语：物、抽象名词
走过草地再走几步，我就到了一座华丽的大旅馆面前。 A few steps across the lawn ________ me to a large, splendid hotel. brought 你怎么了? What has ___________ to you ? happened 她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。 A strange peace _____ ______ her when she was alone . came over 一看到那棵大树,我便想起了童年的情景。 The sight of the big tree always ________ me of my childhood . reminds 凭良心讲,你待我礼貌有加,我却受之有愧。 My conscience ______ me that I deserved no extraordinary told politeness
英语语感：翻译对比
余观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。 I observed the wonderful scenery of Baling, which depends primarily on the great Dongting Lake. As I see, the tower commands a magnificent view of Lake Dongting, the best scenery of Baling.
衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯；朝晖夕阴，气象万千。 It looks as holding the remote mountains in mouth and swallowing the Yangtze River. It is so vast, mighty and boundless! Over the lake the sky appears bright at morning and overcast in the evening; the scenery is so spectacular and majestic as people's expected. A vast expanse of water, the lake is bordered by distant mountains and fed by the Yangtze River. From dusk to dawn, it presents an ever-changing gallery of spectacles.
如何出妙译？ 汉英思维的差异
英 汉 思 维 模 式 差 异
源自文库
形合与意合； 焦点与散点； 重复与替代； 化整与聚零； 主体思维与客体思维： 主动句与被动句； 话题句与主谓句； 二元与一元； 动态与静态
形合与意合
松下问童子，言师采药去。只在此山中，云深不知处。 Beneath the pines I look for the recluse, His page replies: ―Gathering herbs my master’s away. You’ll find him nowhere, as close are the clouds, Though he must be on the hill, Ｉdare say.‖
认识语言中所体现的思维差异有助于 翻译中的语感转换。 思维是一种习惯，有助于语感的增强。
翻译练习：
承诺常常像蝴蝶,美丽的盘旋然后不见 (盘旋：hover) Promises are often like the butterfly, which disappear after hovering beautifully. 天空没有翅膀的痕迹，而鸟儿已飞过 （痕迹：trails） There are no trails of the wings in the sky, while the birds has flied away. 在回忆里继续梦幻不如在地狱里等待天堂 Dreaming in the memory is not as good as waiting for the paradise in the hell 爱情是一方织巾，用自然编织，用幻想点缀。 （织巾：fabric） Love is a fabric that nature wove and fantasy embroidered.
英语语感与翻译
在翻译中，语感有时如灵感般闪现， 却又转瞬即逝。 语感是有效理解与表达的根本。 语感决定翻译质量、译文的可接受程 度。 朋友丛生 Lost in Friends Friends Abounds like Bushes Friends, the Treasure? Friends Everywhere Friends Clustering
英语语感：转换
二十岁的暑假，在家乡的大街上偶遇自己的暗恋对象，听说他考上了 研究生，被他的进步所打击，心如刀绞，想到这辈子终于不能出色得 让他看我一眼，不禁怆然泪下。 At the age of twenty, during the summer holiday I _____ into ran ____the young man whom I loved in private, in the street of my hometown. Upon hearing that he had been enrolled as a graduate, I was dealt virtually ______ a heavy blow, believing reluctantly so painful _____ _____ ______I could never do well enough to win his favor, bitter a fact that tears streaming down my cheeks. 曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。 Above the winding lotus pond, leaves with quartered lines ____ my fill eyes.
主体思维与客体思维
刘宓庆对汉英思维模式进行了对比： 汉语在表述上注重主题意识，具体表现为： （1）多用人称主语； （2）多用主动语态句； （3）多用无主词句及主语省略句； （4）多用话题助词，使主词与谓语动词的关系很松散。 英语在表述上不偏重主体意识，具体表现为： （1）非人称住词句也用得很多； （2）被动句有形式规范，其规范与主动句并重； （3）主词一般不能省略，必须具备SV Concord这一规范 性条件。