英语的明喻暗喻

1. The society was his college . 社会是他的大学. 2. The boy is only skin and bone . 这孩子瘦的皮包骨头 3. They are birds of feather . 他们是一丘之貉. 4. …he called them “blood transfusion”. 他称之为”大输血” 5. All reactionaries are paper tigers . 一切反动派都是纸老虎 . 6. If dreams die ,life is a broken-winged bird that can not fly . 如果没有理想,生活就象是伤了翅膀的小鸟不能飞翔 .
4. Despair settled down like a heavy cloud . 绝望的情绪象一片乌云笼罩着人们的心 5. Time flies like an arrow . 光阴似箭 除此之外，还有很多可以直译的例子 as white as snow 雪一样白 as merry as a lark 快乐的象只云雀 as brave as a lion 狮子一般勇敢 as busy as a bee 忙的象只蜜蜂 as timid as a mouse 胆小如鼠
as sly as a fox 狡诈如狐狸 as black as a crow 黑如乌鸦 但有些明喻在直译成汉语是要做些调整,才符合汉语的表 达习惯。例如: as bitter as wormwood 苦似黄连 as happy as a cow 快乐的象只百灵鸟 as bold as brass 脸皮厚的象城墙 as stupid as goose 笨的象猪
Simile and metaphor 明喻和暗喻
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Simile ,明喻也称直喻,即用我们熟悉的东西比 喻我们不熟悉的东西。明喻表明本体(描述 的对象)和喻体(用作比喻的事物)两种不同 的事物之间的相似关系。常用 as ,like,seem, as if ,(as though) 等喻词与另一种具有明 显相同特点的事物加以相比，从而更生动， 更形象地对该对象加以刻化， 以增强行文 的艺术表现力。明喻一般都可采用直译。
7. It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter . 遗憾的是,我们当时的呼吁石沉大海 (dead letter 由”死信” 转义作”石沉大海”) 下面再看暗喻中其他一些比喻方式: 静物动化法 :有时为了使描写生动一些,把本来用于表现动 物活动的词用来描述静止的状态,这种修辞现象称为静物 动化法.例如: 8. On the table lay some dog-eared books . 桌上躺着几本折了角的书. 9. The trees stood greener after the rain . 雨后的树木更加葱翠 .
1. His face was as grey as ashes .他 的脸死灰一般白 2. I saw the master looking about him as if he wishes to impress upon his mind everything in the room . 我看教师在环顾四 周，仿佛要把教室里的每件东西牢牢记在 心里 3. It looks like a terrible tiger .它看起来 象一只可怕的老虎
二.暗喻 Metaphor 暗喻,又称隐喻,它结构不同于明喻,不需要as ,like 之类的比喻词,而是直接把比喻对象和比喻形象 (即本体和喻体)联系起来,即”甲是乙”这种基本 形式.暗喻是英语中最普通,最基本,也是最重要的 修辞格,其含义含而不露,其含义需要想象,其产生 的语言效果较之明喻也更为强烈,更加深刻,其译 法有两种:一为直译,以保持与原文的形似与神似; 二为意译,既保证符合汉语表达习惯,又使译文能 保持原文的神似,即”貌离”而”神合” 例如: