3-1_词语的翻译-指称意义和蕴涵意义

指称意义往往具有多重性,即一词多义现 象.

他是我父亲。 这姑娘是漂亮。 此人是书就读。 是可忍，孰不可忍？ 是古非今

他是我父亲。 He is my father. 这姑娘是漂亮。 This girl is really beautiful.
此人是书就读。 This man reads every book he can reach. 是可忍，孰不可忍？ If this can be tolerated. What cannot ? 是古非今 Praise the past to condemn the present.

稍等一会儿,我就来。 他要是不来,我就代他在会上发言。 那个人就是他的哥哥。 你就是送给我,我也不要。 他就着油灯读信。
பைடு நூலகம்

稍等一会儿,我就来. Just a minute. I’m coming. 他要是不来,我就代他在会上发言. If he doesn’t come, I’ll speak at the meeting instead of him. 那个人就是他的哥哥. That very man is his elder brother. 你就是送给我,我也不要. Even if you give it to me as a gift, I won’t accept it. 他就着油灯读信. He read the letter by the oil lamp.
5）克明：觉新哪，你听着!
(《家》中高老爷训导觉新的话语）
Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this. / Listen, Juexin.
指词语内含的情感和联想意义，是词语的 隐含意义，反映该民族特有的思维方式 和社会文化.
词的蕴涵意义在不同语言中往往有天壤之别，甚 至同种语言内类似指称意义的词语蕴涵意义也 不尽相同.
他是个纸老虎。
He is a paper tiger.

……只因生得妩媚风流，满学忠都送了两个 外号：一个叫“香怜”，一个叫“玉爱”。 a) … because of their glmorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.
b) But on account of their good looks and charm they were nicknamed Sweetie and Lovely.
《红楼梦》中对女性的称呼，如“王夫人”、 “周瑞家的”的翻译 Lady Wang Zhou Rui’s wife Mrs. Zhou
汉英翻译教程
Chinese-English Translation
第三章 词语的翻译
(Translation of Words)
指称意义
(denotation, the dictionary meaning or literal meaning) 即“词的确切和字面的意义”,语言间的 可译性就是由指称意义的基本对等决 定的.
10）说来话长。 11）他的名字我一时说不上来。 12）你连续三天没有交作业，这可说不过去。 13）他两岁就会看表了。 14）我能看出你在想什么。 15）你要是觉得这东西还看得过去，就买下来 吧。
说来话长。 It’s a long story. 他的名字我一时说不上来。 I can’t recall his name at the moment. 你连续三天没有交作业，这可说不过去。 You have failed to hand in your exercises three days in a row. This is really inexcusable.
如果你留下来，我也要留下来。 If you stay, I will, too. 小马也就是十二三岁，脸上还瘦。 Xiao Ma was no more than twelve or thirteen years old, with a very lean face. 她怎么好好的就自杀了？ 这也怪了！ Why should she have committed suicide for no reason? It’s rather odd.
他两岁就会看表了。 He could tell time even when he was two. 我能看出你在想什么。 I can read your mind. 你要是觉得这东西还看得过去，就买下来吧。 If you think it’s all right, then buy it.
蕴涵意义 (connotation, what it suggests beyond what it expresses, the overtones of meaning)


知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。 When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it ---- this is knowledge.
面子

如果怕丢面子，就说不好英语。（）
我是个爱面子的人，这种事我可做不出来。（） 不是我不买你的面子，实在是这事儿不好办。 （）



if one is afraid of losing his dignity (face), he can't expect to speak English well. I wouldn't do such a thing--- I'm sensitive about my reputation. I have shown due respect for your feelings, but there's really nothing I can do about it.