句子成分和句子基本结构(共32张PPT)
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what she said. • 4. If he were to come, what should we say to
him?
（七）宾语补足语
• 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，
还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份 和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义 完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：
• make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
误区警示
• ①形容词，代词，数词，名词，动名词等做定语 时，通过常放在名词之前做定语；而介词短语、 动词不定式短语、分词短语、从句等做定语则放
在名词之后。叫后置定语。
• The girl in white is his sister.
• We have a lot of work to do today.
• 能做宾语补足语的词有：名词、形容词、 介词短语、不定式、分词和副词等。
• We must keep it a secret. (名词)
• I found the book very interesting. (形容词) • Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) • She asked me to lend her a hand. (动词不定式) • He made himself known to them first.(分词短语)
(地点状语)
He was late for school because of the heavy rain.
(原因状语)
He waited to see the result of the game. (目的状语) It rained so hard that they had to put off the sports
• ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • His father works in a steel work. (名词) • There are 54students in our class. (数词) • Do you known betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want 源自文库o go
swimming, how about you?
（四）表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份， 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. （名词） • I’m not quite myself today. （代词） • Who was the first? （数词） • The war was over. （副词） • He is out of condition. （介词短词） • They seem to know the truth. （动词不定式） • His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词短语） • That is what he told me yesterday. （从词）
• 同位语是解释说明前面的名词或代词的名 词短语或从句，对前者进行补充说明
• The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
追求幸福 我们一直在路上 追求幸福,我们一直在路上 幸福是什么?幸福对每个人而言都有不 同的标 准。那 么我们 教师的 幸福是 什么? 也 许有人会说,教师的幸福应该是没有夜 以继日 的作业 批改,没 有呕心 沥血的 教案准 备 ,没有没完没了的琐事纠缠。但我要说, 教师的 幸福其 实很简 单,课 堂的成 功,学生 的 进步,家长的认可,同事的帮助,领导的 鼓励,这 一切足 以使我 们感到 幸福,桃 李满天 下 之时是我们教师最幸福的时刻。 说到底,幸福就是一种心理感受,同时也 是人生 的增亮 剂、保 鲜膜。 幸福心 理学认 为 ,幸福来自我们的心底,来自我们的行动 ,源于 爱的无 私与爱 的相互 作用。 一、.教师们亲如兄弟姐妹,他们教我成 长,伴 我成长, 所以我 快乐,我 幸福。 我成长在学校这个氛围。学校里有舒 适的工 作环境, 浓郁的 文化气 息,温暖 的工作 氛 围,渴望知识的学生,最重要的是老师们 各个都 有自己 的强项 且互相 学习, 互相成 长, 校园生活随时都是在享受。语文老师 教你识 字,作文, 与人沟 通;数 学老师 教你基 本 的数学,解决生活的问题;英语老师一口 流利的 英语, 让你又 多一种 技能;美 术音乐 等 老师就更身怀绝计把你带进艺术殿堂, 你会佩 服的五 体投地 。老师 当然是 在教学 生, 但是我们生活在其,也是一种享受
• Please keep the dog out. (副词)
误区警示
• 主动语态变被动语态后，宾补变成主补 • He was last seen playing near the river. • He was considered to have stolen the money.
八、同位语
挑出下列句中的定语
• ①This is a difficult problem.
• ② There is some exciting news in today’s newspaper.
• ③The man who helps me with maths is my maths teacher.
• ④He bought some sleeping pills.
meet. (结果状语) He often goes to work by bus. (方式状语)
挑出下列句中的状语
• 1. Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
• 2. Because he was ill, Tom lost his job. • 3. She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear
挑出下列句中的谓语
• ① I don't like the picture on the wall.
• ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
• ③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
• ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
• ① The old man was feeling very tired.
• ② Why is he worried about Jim?
• ③ The leaves have turned yellow.
• ④ Soon they all became interested in the subject.
• ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
• He doesn’t like the job. （名词） • We enjoy playing football. （动名词） • He said that he would return soon. （句子） • He offered me the job .
When we shall leave hasn’t been decided.（句子）
作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、 动名词和主语从句。
找出句中主语
• ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom（.名词）
句子成分及句子基本结构
一.句子成分
• 1.一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成 • ___主__语__和__谓__语____。 • 2.英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、
宾语补足语、_表__语__、定语、状语、同位语.
㈠主语（subject）
• 主语是句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述什么。 • Workers make machines. （名词） • She went out in a hurry. （代词） • Three plus five is eight. （数词） • The young should respect the old（. 名词化的形容词） • To see is to believe. （不定式） • Running is good for your health. （动名词）
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
指出下列句中的宾语
• ① My brother hasn't done his homework. • ② People all over the world speak English. • ③ You must pay good attention to your
pronunciation. • ④ How many new words did you learn last
• ③英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语
动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有 多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如： (1). I had a swim yesterday. （had a swim 代 替了swam） (2). Take a look at that! （take a look 代替了 look） (3). He gave a sigh. （gave a sigh 代替了 sighed）
• ② There is an old man coming here.
（名词）
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（不定式）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• I have something important to tell you.
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条 件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。通常状语由副词、 介词短语、动词不定式、分词或句子等充当。
I’ll be back in a while. (时间状语) They are playing on the playground.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
• ②如果被修饰的词为some,any,evey,no 等构
成的不定代词（如anything,something等）， 定语要放在这些词的后面。
• There is nothing interesting in the book.
系动词有三类：
• A. be 动词：am、is、are、was、were • B. 表示感官类的动词：look、smell、sound、
feel、taste、appear、seem • C. 表示变化类的词：go(变得…)、get、
become、grow、turn、keep、stay
挑出下列句中的表语
him?
（七）宾语补足语
• 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，
还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份 和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义 完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：
• make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
误区警示
• ①形容词，代词，数词，名词，动名词等做定语 时，通过常放在名词之前做定语；而介词短语、 动词不定式短语、分词短语、从句等做定语则放
在名词之后。叫后置定语。
• The girl in white is his sister.
• We have a lot of work to do today.
• 能做宾语补足语的词有：名词、形容词、 介词短语、不定式、分词和副词等。
• We must keep it a secret. (名词)
• I found the book very interesting. (形容词) • Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) • She asked me to lend her a hand. (动词不定式) • He made himself known to them first.(分词短语)
(地点状语)
He was late for school because of the heavy rain.
(原因状语)
He waited to see the result of the game. (目的状语) It rained so hard that they had to put off the sports
• ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • His father works in a steel work. (名词) • There are 54students in our class. (数词) • Do you known betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want 源自文库o go
swimming, how about you?
（四）表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份， 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. （名词） • I’m not quite myself today. （代词） • Who was the first? （数词） • The war was over. （副词） • He is out of condition. （介词短词） • They seem to know the truth. （动词不定式） • His hobby is playing computer games.（动名词短语） • That is what he told me yesterday. （从词）
• 同位语是解释说明前面的名词或代词的名 词短语或从句，对前者进行补充说明
• The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
追求幸福 我们一直在路上 追求幸福,我们一直在路上 幸福是什么?幸福对每个人而言都有不 同的标 准。那 么我们 教师的 幸福是 什么? 也 许有人会说,教师的幸福应该是没有夜 以继日 的作业 批改,没 有呕心 沥血的 教案准 备 ,没有没完没了的琐事纠缠。但我要说, 教师的 幸福其 实很简 单,课 堂的成 功,学生 的 进步,家长的认可,同事的帮助,领导的 鼓励,这 一切足 以使我 们感到 幸福,桃 李满天 下 之时是我们教师最幸福的时刻。 说到底,幸福就是一种心理感受,同时也 是人生 的增亮 剂、保 鲜膜。 幸福心 理学认 为 ,幸福来自我们的心底,来自我们的行动 ,源于 爱的无 私与爱 的相互 作用。 一、.教师们亲如兄弟姐妹,他们教我成 长,伴 我成长, 所以我 快乐,我 幸福。 我成长在学校这个氛围。学校里有舒 适的工 作环境, 浓郁的 文化气 息,温暖 的工作 氛 围,渴望知识的学生,最重要的是老师们 各个都 有自己 的强项 且互相 学习, 互相成 长, 校园生活随时都是在享受。语文老师 教你识 字,作文, 与人沟 通;数 学老师 教你基 本 的数学,解决生活的问题;英语老师一口 流利的 英语, 让你又 多一种 技能;美 术音乐 等 老师就更身怀绝计把你带进艺术殿堂, 你会佩 服的五 体投地 。老师 当然是 在教学 生, 但是我们生活在其,也是一种享受
• Please keep the dog out. (副词)
误区警示
• 主动语态变被动语态后，宾补变成主补 • He was last seen playing near the river. • He was considered to have stolen the money.
八、同位语
挑出下列句中的定语
• ①This is a difficult problem.
• ② There is some exciting news in today’s newspaper.
• ③The man who helps me with maths is my maths teacher.
• ④He bought some sleeping pills.
meet. (结果状语) He often goes to work by bus. (方式状语)
挑出下列句中的状语
• 1. Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
• 2. Because he was ill, Tom lost his job. • 3. She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear
挑出下列句中的谓语
• ① I don't like the picture on the wall.
• ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
• ③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
• ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
• ① The old man was feeling very tired.
• ② Why is he worried about Jim?
• ③ The leaves have turned yellow.
• ④ Soon they all became interested in the subject.
• ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
• He doesn’t like the job. （名词） • We enjoy playing football. （动名词） • He said that he would return soon. （句子） • He offered me the job .
When we shall leave hasn’t been decided.（句子）
作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、 动名词和主语从句。
找出句中主语
• ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom（.名词）
句子成分及句子基本结构
一.句子成分
• 1.一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成 • ___主__语__和__谓__语____。 • 2.英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、
宾语补足语、_表__语__、定语、状语、同位语.
㈠主语（subject）
• 主语是句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述什么。 • Workers make machines. （名词） • She went out in a hurry. （代词） • Three plus five is eight. （数词） • The young should respect the old（. 名词化的形容词） • To see is to believe. （不定式） • Running is good for your health. （动名词）
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
指出下列句中的宾语
• ① My brother hasn't done his homework. • ② People all over the world speak English. • ③ You must pay good attention to your
pronunciation. • ④ How many new words did you learn last
• ③英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语
动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有 多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如： (1). I had a swim yesterday. （had a swim 代 替了swam） (2). Take a look at that! （take a look 代替了 look） (3). He gave a sigh. （gave a sigh 代替了 sighed）
• ② There is an old man coming here.
（名词）
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（不定式）
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• I have something important to tell you.
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条 件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。通常状语由副词、 介词短语、动词不定式、分词或句子等充当。
I’ll be back in a while. (时间状语) They are playing on the playground.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
• ②如果被修饰的词为some,any,evey,no 等构
成的不定代词（如anything,something等）， 定语要放在这些词的后面。
• There is nothing interesting in the book.
系动词有三类：
• A. be 动词：am、is、are、was、were • B. 表示感官类的动词：look、smell、sound、
feel、taste、appear、seem • C. 表示变化类的词：go(变得…)、get、
become、grow、turn、keep、stay
挑出下列句中的表语