泰特勒和严复的翻译理论比较和分析(英文)

+ Tytler’s translation thoughts mainly based on his
practical experience and subjective observation. In his book "Essay on the Principles of Translation” mainly provided readers with some practical means for solving translation problems, such as amplification, deletion and polish. Some people even say that the book just looks like a textbook discussing the translation arts; At the same time ,from his translation theories , we can see that he imitates other translators’ theory, especially Dryden. It was even considered as plagiarism by Campbell. For example, his first principle " That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work ", which is similar to Campbell’s "accurately reproduce the original meaning
+ 泰特勒的翻译思想主要基于他本人的翻译
实践经验和主观观察，他在《论翻译的原 则》一书中提供给读者的主要是一些解决 翻译问题的实用手段“如增词，减词，修 改润色等翻译技巧”，有人甚至说它像一 本探讨翻译艺术的教科书；同时从其翻译 思想我们也可以看出，他过多地借用他人 的理论，特别是德莱顿的，甚至被坎贝尔 认为有剽窃之嫌。如他的翻译三原则的第 一点“译作应完全复写出原作的思想”， 这和坎贝尔的“准确地再现原作的意思”， 极为相似。
+ …that in all cases where a sacrifice is
necessary to be made of one of those laws to another, a due regard ought to be paid to their rank and comparative importance. + 预示了现代翻译的“得”、“失”问题
+
+ “Three principles of Translation”
（comprehensive&systematic） + It marks a new begining of western translation studies. (标志着西方翻译史上一个时期的结束和一个时期的开始) + In 1921, Mr Zheng Zhenduo published the three principles on the《Novel Monthly》. And this idea first be imported into China.
首先"他扬弃传统的翻译二分法(dichotomies)，斯内尔霍恩 比指出：西方翻译史上最有影响力的概念是古老的词/义二 分法。传统译论从未能真正解决这一问题"就连当今的翻译 研究也为其困扰不休。而泰特勒尽量回避二分法" 凡是容易 引起争议的术语如直译(Literal translation )，意译(free translation)等"他都一概不用。其次"他澄清并深化了人们对 “译者是画家”这一比喻的认识。他认为"译者的工作（和 画家）完全不同。译者虽然用的不是与原作相同的色彩"但 必须给其“画面”以同样的力量和效果。译者不能照搬原作 的笔法"而必须用自己的笔法来译出完美的“摹本”。他越 是注意仔细摹拟"就越不能表现出原作的流畅和神采。
It will follow: Ⅰ. That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 即译文应完全复写出原作的思想 Ⅱ. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. 即译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同 Ⅲ. That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition. 就是译文与原作同样流畅
+ 我们将认真听取各位坦诚地对我们的工作
提出意见和建议。 + We will listen attentively to your straightforward comments & suggestions on our work. + Your comments and suggestions will be appreciated.
原作的优点完全移植在译作语言之中，使译语使 用者像原语使用者一样，对这种优点能清楚地领 悟，并有着同样强烈的感受
+ First General Rule: A Translation should give a
complete transcript of the ideas of the original work—Knowledge of the language of the original, and acquaintance with the subject.
+ +
Baidu Nhomakorabea
+ +
Nationality：Britain（Edinburgh,Scotland） Biography：Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee FRSE (15 October 1747 – 5 January 1813) was a Scottish advocate, judge, writer and historian who served as Professor of Universal History, and Greek and Roman Antiquities, in the University of Edinburgh. Main work： (1791). Essay on the Principles of Translation.(论翻 译的原则）
+ 星期天，豫园游人络绎不绝。
+ On Sundays, Yuyuan Garden is always
crowded with visitors.（negative） + On Sundays, Yuyuan Garden attracts a large number of visitors.（positive）
…the translator is called upon to exercise his judgement, and to select that meaning which is most consonant to the train of thought in the whole passage, or to the author’s usual mode of thinking, and expressing himself.
+ …yet the painter employs precisely the same colours,
and has no other care than faithfully to imitate the touch and manner of the picture that is before him. + [The translator] uses not the same colours with the original, but is required to give the picture the same force and effect. + The more he studies a scrupulous imitation, the less his copy will reflect the ease and spirit of the original. + …he must adopt the very soul of his author, which must speak through his own organs.
+ Description of a good Translation
I would therefore describe a good translation to be, That, in which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
It will follow: Ⅰ. That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 即译文应完全复写出原作的思想 Ⅱ. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. 即译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同 Ⅲ. That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition. 就是译文与原作同样流畅
+ Second general Rule: The style and manner of
writing in a Translation should be of the same character with that of the Original. + …whether to that of the grave, the elevated, the easy, the lively, the florid and ornamented, or the simple and unaffected; and these characteristic qualities he must have the capacity of rendering equally conspicuous in the translation as in the original.
+ Third general Rule: A Translation should have all the
ease of original composition.
+ 郑振铎：译文必须含有原文中所有的流利。
（1921） + 谭载喜：译作应具备原作所具有的通顺。 + （1991） + 李德凤：译文应该与原作的行文一样自如。 （2007）
+ 挖开坟墓后，我们看到，棺木已经腐朽，
母亲的骨殖，已经与泥土混为一体。 ——莫言（诺贝尔奖讲座） + When we dug up the grave, we saw that the coffin had rotted away and that her body had merged with the damp earth around it. ——葛浩文（译）
+ 我记忆中最早的一件事,是提着家里唯一的
热水瓶去公共食堂打开水。 ——莫言（诺贝尔奖讲座） + My earliest memory was of taking our only vacuum bottle to the public canteen for drinking water. ——葛浩文（译）