翻译技巧--词义的选择与引申

Step 2 Translation techniques 1
• 5. Every life has its roses and thorns.
误：每种生活都有它的玫瑰花和刺。 正：每个人的生活总是有甜也有苦。
• 6. She is a cat.
误：她是一只猫。 正：她是个包藏祸心的女人。
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
A. Selection of Word Meanings
a. Select word meanings according to parts of speeches.
1. He likes making chemical experiments. (v.)
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
二、具体词语抽象化
• 1. The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and the ape. • 帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。 • 2. Everyone has rain and sunshine (roses and thorns) in their life. • 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
他喜欢做化学实验。
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
3. Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract. (adj.)
同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。
4. I hope I can operate the machine like you do.( conj.) • 我希望能像你一样操纵机器。 5. Like enough, the ship will arrive in port. (ad.) • 这艘船很可能明天进港。
希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行侵略政策。（贬义） 3. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. 汉斯说，这位先生是他所见过的最有胆识的人。这种阿谀 奉承未免过于露骨。（贬义） • 4. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture. • 布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时感到非常荣幸。（褒义）
12. a swarm of bees
一大群蜜蜂
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
B. Extension of Word Meanings
一、抽象词语具体化
• 1. Public opinion demands that something should be done to end the strike. • 众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。 • 2. The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I missed the green. • 我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯。
• The old people of today are the laborers of yesterday. It goes without saying that they should have a share in the rewards for material and cultural advancements to which they have contributions. When respecting and providing for the elderly becomes common practice, people of all generations will have a sense of security. For everyone gets old some day, and when people feel perfectly secure of a happy and comfortable life in old age, they will devote themselves wholeheartedly to work.
他叫克里.拉德曼，33岁，惹事生非已不是一次了。（贬义）
Have
• •wk.baidu.com• • • • •
Fun
锅贴 1. pot sicker 春卷 2. spring rolls 火锅 3. hot pot 4. beggars chicken 叫化鸡 5. won ton 馄饨 6. lo mein 捞面 7. chow mein 炒面
Step 2 Questions for discussion
1. What is domesticating? What is froeignizing? 2. How do you understand the relationships between “free translation and literal translation” and “domesticating and foreignizing”? How do you use them in your translation practice?
四、词义的褒贬 • • • • • 1. John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. 约翰是个积极肯干的推销员，他工作干得很出色。（褒义） 2. Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power.
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
4. He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。 5. He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干这种事。 6. He is the last person for such a job. 他最不配干这工作。 7. He should be the last (man) to blame. 怎么也不该怪他。 8. He is the last man to consult. 根本不宜与他商量。 9. This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 •
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
7. I am a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record. • 我是一个学业出众的高材生。（褒义）
8. He was Kerry Rudman, 33, and no stranger to trouble.
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
三、改换说法 1. During the first part of his life, Lincoln was a storekeeper and postmaster. • 林肯早年当过店主和邮政局长。 2. A network of highways was built from coast to coast. • 横跨大陆建筑了一个公路网。 3. Jets are a new development in aviation. • 喷气式飞机是航空事业上的一个新成就。 4. The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting. • 死译：原材料与成品之间最短的距离是铸造。 引伸译：铸造是原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
c. Select word meanings according to speciality. • 1. Power can be transmitted over a long distance. 电力可以远距离输送。 • 2. China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons although considered one of the nuclear powers. • 尽管中国是核大国， 但中国决不会首先使用核武器。 • 3. 16 is the four power of 2. (27 is the third power of 3.) • 16是2的4次方。 （27是3的3次幂。） • 4. What is the power of the engine? • 这台电机的功率是多少？
Translation Techniques (1)
Selection and Extension
Step 1 Discussion of the Assignments
• I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese: • 1. She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. 她生于豪门。 • • 2. We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much. 对现代科学的价值怎么重视也不过分。/我们一定要重视 现代 科学的价值。 • 3. Beauty is only skin deep. 美丽不过是一张皮。 • 4. A brewer’s wife may drink of a ton. 近水楼台先得月。/酿酒人的妻子不愁酒没酒喝。 • 5. He had one foot in the grave. 他已是风烛残年。 • 6. He was only a cock of the dunghill. 他只是井底之蛙。 • 7. A burned child dreads the fire.一朝经蛇咬， 十年怕井绳。 • 8. Rats desert a falling house. 树倒猴孙散。
Practice
• Put the following paragraph into English: • 今天的老人是昨天的劳动者。他们对物 质文化的发展做出了许多贡献， 理所当 然应该分享其成果。当敬老、养老蔚然 成风时， 各个年龄层的人都会有一种安 全感。每个人都有一天会变老。 如果人 们确信老年时生活一定幸福、安康， 就 会全力以赴地投入工作。
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
d. Select word meanings according to collocation.(搭配) 1. 大风 strong wind 2. 大雪 heavy snow 3. 大浪 high wave 4. 大树 tall tree 5. 大楼 high building 6. 大雾 thick fog 7. 大亨 big shot 8. 大师 great master 9. 大面积 large area 10. 大扫除 general/thorough cleaning 11. a crowd of young people 一群年轻人
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
b. Select word meanings according to the context. 1. The country’s industry has developed quickly in the last decade. • 过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。 2. To develop the instrument, many experts were invited. 为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。 3. Caterpillars develop into butterflies. 毛虫进化成蝴蝶。