结肠下区解剖
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(三)空、回肠的血供
空回肠的动脉来自肠 系膜上动脉,约平第1腰 椎起自腹主动脉。在胰头 与胰颈交界处的后方下行, 跨十二指肠水平部前方,
入肠系膜走向右下。
肠系膜上动脉
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
(二)阑尾 vermiform appendix
1.位置、形态及根部体表投影 阑尾为一蚓状盲突,一般长57cm.位于右髂窝内,三条结肠 带的汇合点。因其属腹膜内位 器官故位置可变。 阑尾常见的位置顺序:回肠前 位:28% 盆位:26% 盲肠后 位:24% 回肠后位:8% 盲 肠下位:6% 根 部 体 表 投 影 : McBurney 点 Lanz点
长短支彼此无
吻合,故结肠 手术分离肠脂 垂时不可牵拉, 以免切断长支 影响肠壁血供。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
边缘动脉:
肠系膜上、下 动脉的各结肠支在 结肠内缘互相吻合
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
(二)血供
除了肠系膜上动脉,还
有肠系膜下动脉供应结
肠。肠系膜下动脉平第 3腰椎高度发自腹主动 脉前壁,在腹后壁腹膜 后面向左下方行走,分 支分布于降结肠、乙状 结肠和直肠上部。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
肠系膜下动脉的分支:
1)左结肠动脉
2)乙状结肠动脉 3)直肠上动脉
肠系膜上动脉的分支:
1)胰十二指肠下动脉 2)空肠动脉和回肠动脉 (12~18条)
3)回结肠动脉 (右下末 端) 分支: 阑尾动 脉 4)右结肠动脉
5)中结肠动脉
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
三、结肠colon
(一)分部及 各部毗邻
升结肠
横结肠
降结肠
乙状结肠
January, 2007
形成边缘动脉,再
从边缘动脉上发出
长短支入结肠壁。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
因边缘动脉的
二、盲肠和阑尾
(一) 盲肠 Cecum
盲肠:是大肠的起始部, 回盲瓣 居右髂窝。一般长6~8cm,为 腹膜内位器官,没有系膜。 1、毗邻关系:前为腹前 外侧壁;后为腹后壁及髂腰 肌;左侧为回肠及右肠系膜 窦;右为右结肠旁沟;上方 续升结肠;下对盆腔。 2、盲肠表面的三条结肠带 集中于阑尾根部,是手术时 寻找阑尾根部的标志。
系膜根附着于十二指肠降部、胰 腺和左肾的前方
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
降结肠,起自结肠左曲,沿腹腔 左外侧贴腹后壁下行,至左髂 窝续于乙状结肠。长25-30cm, 为腹膜间位器官。 毗邻: 左:左结肠旁沟 右:左肠系膜窦、空肠袢 乙状结肠,自左髂嵴起于降结肠 至第三骶椎续于直肠,长约 40cm,为腹膜内位器官。呈乙 状横过左侧髂腰肌、髂外血管, 睾丸(卵巢)血管及输尿管前 方。
内有空肠、回肠、盲
肠、阑尾及结肠等脏
器。
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
一 空肠、回肠
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
横结肠,起自结肠右曲,弓形横 过腹腔中部,于脾脏前段下极移 行降结肠,转折处为结肠左曲。 长40-50cm,为腹膜内位器官。 毗邻: 上:肝脏、胃 下:空、回肠
阑尾
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
回肠、阑尾、盲肠等结构的位置关系
January, 2007
右肠系膜窦
位置:介于肠系膜根、 升结肠、横结肠及其系 膜的右2/3部之间。 形状:略呈三角形。 窦内感染积脓不易扩散。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
(二)肠系膜 Mesentery
将空、回肠连至腹后壁的双 层腹膜结构称为肠系膜,其 在腹后壁附着出称肠系膜根, 从第二腰椎左侧斜向右下, 止于右骶髂关节前方,长约 15cm。肠系膜的肠缘连于空、 回肠,整体呈扇形,随肠袢 形成许多折叠。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
升结肠,起自盲肠,至肝右叶下 方移行为横结肠,转折处为结 肠右曲。长12-20cm,为腹膜间 位器官。 毗邻: 左:右肠系膜窦、回肠袢 右:右结肠旁沟 上:通肝肾隐窝 下: 通右髂窝
空肠和回肠比较:
项目 位置 长度 管径 管壁 色泽 粘膜环状 皱襞 空 肠 左上腹 近侧2/5 较粗 较厚 较红 密而高 回 肠 右下腹 远侧3/5 较细 较薄 较淡 疏而低
空肠
淋巴滤泡 仅有孤立
回肠
January, 2007
孤立淋巴 + 淋巴滤泡 集合滤泡
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
血管、淋巴管在肠的 系膜缘进出肠壁。系膜 处的肠壁与两层腹膜围 成系膜三角,此处肠壁 无浆膜,不易愈合,小 肠切除后吻合时应妥善 缝合。
系膜三角
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
January, 2007 Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
2.阑尾系膜,血供
阑尾动脉源 于回结肠脉
January, 2007
左肠系膜窦
位置:介于肠系膜根、 横结肠及其系膜的左1/3、 降结肠、乙状ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu肠及其 系膜之间。 形状:略呈向下开放的 斜方形。 窦内感染易蔓延入盆腔。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
(一) 位置和形态
空肠(jejunum)和 回肠(ileum)居结肠下 区的中心,均属腹膜 内位器官,借小肠系
膜悬吊于腹后壁,总
称 为 系 膜 小 肠 。
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
结肠下区
January, 2007
Copyright© Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG
境界 内容
结肠下区位于
横结肠及其系膜与小
骨盆上口之间。此区