药物合成反应课后翻译

1、

1Lthree-necked flask.在1L的三口烧瓶中加入大约216-224g(1.62–1.68 moles)的无水三氯化铝。

the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a period of 20–30 minutes. 自由流动的催化剂边搅拌边

用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加81g苯乙酰。Considerable heat is evolved, and, if the drops of ketone are not dispersed, darkening or charring occurs. 放热反应，假如滴加的酮不能被分散，就会变黑或是碳化。

mass that is difficult to stir.当三分之一的乙酰苯被滴加，反应混合物变成一个很难搅拌的粘性的球状团块。Turning of the stirrer by hand or more rapid addition of ketone is necessary at this point. 在这时，改用手动搅拌或快速滴加酮是非常必要的。The addition of ketone, however, should not be so rapid as to produce a temperature above 180°. 然而，速度不能太快，当反应温度超过180℃时。Near the end of the addition, the mass becomes molten and can be stirred easily without being either

ranges in color from tan to brown.当快滴加完时，团块开始融化，表明苯乙酰已经和三氯化铝混合完全，颜色也逐渐从黄褐色变为棕色。

Bromine (128 g., 0.80 mole) is added dropwise to the well-stirred mixture over a period of 40 minutes (Note 4). 在40分钟内在搅拌下把溴缓慢滴加到混合物中。After all the bromine has been added, the molten mixture is stirred at 80–85° on a steam bath for 1 hour.溴滴加完后，熔融混合物在80-85℃蒸气浴下搅拌1小时。The complex is added in portions to a well-stirred mixture of 1.3 l. of cracked ice and 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid in a 2-l. beaker (Note 6).反应物加入到1.3L碎冰和100ml浓盐酸的混合物中在2L的烧杯中混合均匀。Part of the cold aqueous layer is added to the reaction flask to decompose whatever part of the reaction mixture remains there, and the resulting mixture is added to the beaker.把部分的冰水层加入到烧瓶中洗涤残留物，然后合并到烧杯中。The dark oil that settles out is extracted from the mixture with four 150-ml. portions of ether 分四次把深色的油从混合物中用150ml萃取出来。The extracts are combined, washed consecutively with 100 ml. of water and 100 ml. of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and transferred to a short-necked distillation flask. 合并萃取液，用100ml水和100ml 5%的小苏打洗涤，用无水硫酸钠干燥。The ether is removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure, and crude 3-bromoacetophenone is stripped from a few grams of heavy dark residue by distillation at reduced pressure. 乙醚在常压下蒸馏，微量的溴苯乙酮通过减压蒸馏的方法从大量深色残渣中被分离出来。The colorless distillate is carefully fractionated to obtain 94–100 g.通过分馏，得到无色的流出液94-100g

2、

反应式：

3、

three-necked, round-bottomed flask fitted with a mercury-sealed stirrer, a reflux condenser carrying a

烧瓶中制备乙醇钠。The solution is cooled to 0–5° in an ice bath and stirred.溶液在0-5℃下冰浴搅拌。The stopper is replaced by a dropping funnel, and a cold mixture (5–15°) of 108 g. (1.50 moles) of

a period of 30 minutes.瓶塞用分液漏斗取代，108g（1.5mol）的丁二酮和482g（3.3mol）的乙二酸二乙酯在5-15℃下低温混合，在30分钟内逐步滴加到溶液中。After the addition is complete, the thick, orange-red mixture is allowed to warm with continued stirring to room temperature, heated under reflux for 30 minutes, and cooled again to 0° in an ice bath. 完全加入后，橘红色的粘稠物继续搅拌至室温，加热回流30分钟后在冰浴中冷却至0℃。The mixture is decomposed by

combined and concentrated by evaporation .合并滤液和洗涤液后蒸发浓缩。The yellowish brown product which accumulates by slow crystallization is collected by filtration, washed with small quantities of ice-cold water, and dried in air. 过滤缓慢析出的棕黄色产品用小剂量的冰水洗涤后在空气中干燥。The crude product weighs 140–150 g.粗产品140-150g。Further evaporative concentration of the mother liquor followed by cooling furnishes an additional 40–50 g. of the keto ester, 此外将母液用冷冻蒸发浓缩后又得到40-50g的酮酯。bringing the total yield to 180–200 g.

the next step.粗品（熔点120–130℃）用于下一步中A pure sample can be obtained by crystallization

理后在乙酸乙酯中结晶得到，熔点160–162℃。

The procedure for 2- pyrrolealdehyde 2-吡咯甲醛

In a 3-l. three-necked round-bottomed flask, fitted with a sealed stirrer, a dropping funnel, and a reflux condenser, is placed 80 g. (1.1 moles) of dimethylformamide (Note 1).在配有封闭搅拌器、滴液漏斗和冷凝回流装置的三口圆底烧瓶中放入80g（1.1mol）的二甲基甲酰胺。The flask is immersed in an ice bath, and the internal temperature is maintained at 10–20°, while 169

g. (1.1 moles) of phosphorus oxychloride is added through the dropping funnel over a period of

15 minutes. 烧瓶浸入冰浴中，内部温度保持在10-20℃，169g（1.1mol）的磷酰氯通过滴液漏斗在15分钟内滴加。An exothermic reaction occurs with the formation of the phosphorus oxychloride - dimethylformamide complex. 放热反应生成磷酰氯二甲基甲酰胺化合物。The ice bath is removed, and the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes (Note 2). 移去冰浴，在搅拌15分钟。