内科学教学课件：Spontaneous Pneumothorax
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Dyl ey-whl
Types
Closed (Simple) pneumothorax The pleural pressure is slight positive pressure or negative pressure. After aspiration of pleural air,the intrapleural pressure is decreased. The prognosis of this is very good .
假设现在时刻是下午五点五十分，你上了 一整天的课，正在和同学一起踢足球！
WHL
Dyey-whl
突然！你感到左胸有一股剧痛 并且出现胸闷和气急
你非常紧张和 感觉不舒服 …
可能是什么病 ？
WHL
Dyey-whl
Chapter Ⅻ
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
WHL
Dyey-whl
Teaching requirements
掌握气胸的临床类型、临床表现、影像学检查、 诊断和鉴别诊断与治疗
了解气胸的病因及发病机制
Dyl ey-whl
General consideration
Definition Pneumothorax is defined as air in the pleural space
A common thoracic diseases Pneumothorax causes a decrease in vital capacity and PaO2 A common medical emergency
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Iatrogenic pneumothorax thoracentesis pleural biopsy subclavian or internal jugular vein catheter placement percutaneous lung biopsy bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy positive-pressure mechanical ventilation
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Spontaneous pneumothorax --- (PSP) occurs in the absence of an underlying lung disease . patients: tall, thin boys and men , ages ：10 ～ 30 years. rupture of subpleural apical blebs in response to high negative intrapleural pressures. Family history and cigarette smoking may be important factors.
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Spontaneous pneumothorax the rupture of a subpleural emphysematous bulla or pleural bleb, or the pulmonary end of a pleural adhesion rupture of a subpleural tuberculous focus. subpleural bullae may related to airway inflammation by cigarette smoking.
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱgenesis
Traumatic pneumothorax results from penetrating or blunt trauma. air enter the pleural space directly through the chest wall, visceral pleural penetration, or alveolar rupture. result from sudden compression of the chest.
Dyl ey-whl
Types
Closed (Simple) pneumothorax air communication between the pleural and lung seals off as lung deflates and does not reopen. Breathlessness, gradually abates. Progressive spontaneous absorption of air, lung re-expansion within a few weeks. Pleural infection :uncommon.
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Spontaneous pneumothorax --- (SSP) occurs in an underlying lung disease COPD 、asthma tuberculosis cystic fibrosis pneumocystis （肺孢子虫）pneumonia menstruation (catamenial pneumothorax) interstitial lung diseases
Dyl ey-whl
Classification
Traumatic : results from penetrating or blunt trauma. Atrogenic : results from a complication of a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. Spontaneous : the rupture of a subpleural results from emphysematous bulla or pleural bleb. ➢ Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) ➢ Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP)
Types
Closed (Simple) pneumothorax The pleural pressure is slight positive pressure or negative pressure. After aspiration of pleural air,the intrapleural pressure is decreased. The prognosis of this is very good .
假设现在时刻是下午五点五十分，你上了 一整天的课，正在和同学一起踢足球！
WHL
Dyey-whl
突然！你感到左胸有一股剧痛 并且出现胸闷和气急
你非常紧张和 感觉不舒服 …
可能是什么病 ？
WHL
Dyey-whl
Chapter Ⅻ
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
WHL
Dyey-whl
Teaching requirements
掌握气胸的临床类型、临床表现、影像学检查、 诊断和鉴别诊断与治疗
了解气胸的病因及发病机制
Dyl ey-whl
General consideration
Definition Pneumothorax is defined as air in the pleural space
A common thoracic diseases Pneumothorax causes a decrease in vital capacity and PaO2 A common medical emergency
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Iatrogenic pneumothorax thoracentesis pleural biopsy subclavian or internal jugular vein catheter placement percutaneous lung biopsy bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy positive-pressure mechanical ventilation
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Spontaneous pneumothorax --- (PSP) occurs in the absence of an underlying lung disease . patients: tall, thin boys and men , ages ：10 ～ 30 years. rupture of subpleural apical blebs in response to high negative intrapleural pressures. Family history and cigarette smoking may be important factors.
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Spontaneous pneumothorax the rupture of a subpleural emphysematous bulla or pleural bleb, or the pulmonary end of a pleural adhesion rupture of a subpleural tuberculous focus. subpleural bullae may related to airway inflammation by cigarette smoking.
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱgenesis
Traumatic pneumothorax results from penetrating or blunt trauma. air enter the pleural space directly through the chest wall, visceral pleural penetration, or alveolar rupture. result from sudden compression of the chest.
Dyl ey-whl
Types
Closed (Simple) pneumothorax air communication between the pleural and lung seals off as lung deflates and does not reopen. Breathlessness, gradually abates. Progressive spontaneous absorption of air, lung re-expansion within a few weeks. Pleural infection :uncommon.
Dyl ey-whl
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Spontaneous pneumothorax --- (SSP) occurs in an underlying lung disease COPD 、asthma tuberculosis cystic fibrosis pneumocystis （肺孢子虫）pneumonia menstruation (catamenial pneumothorax) interstitial lung diseases
Dyl ey-whl
Classification
Traumatic : results from penetrating or blunt trauma. Atrogenic : results from a complication of a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. Spontaneous : the rupture of a subpleural results from emphysematous bulla or pleural bleb. ➢ Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) ➢ Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP)