学术英语(社科)Unit 5

Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Difficult sentences
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The cultural practices listed by Murdock may be universal, but the manner in which they are expressed varies from culture to culture. (Para.3) → These cultural practices in Murdock‟s list are common to many societies, but these practices are carried out in ways that differ greatly among different cultureห้องสมุดไป่ตู้.
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis 9 Nonmaterial culture
ways of using material objects and customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication It is more resistant to change than material culture.
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis 3 Innovation
the process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture:
1) discovery: making known or sharing the existence of some aspect of reality e.g. the finding of the DNA molecule; identification of a new moon of Saturn(Para.5)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis 8 Material culture the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives, including food items, houses, factories, and raw materials
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
4 Globalization
the worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas e.g. Starbucks in China (Para.6)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
McDonaldization is associated with the melting of cultures. Examples:
In Japan: African entrepreneurs have found a thriving market for hip-pop fashions popularized by teens in the United States. (Para.9)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Unit Contents
Lead-in Text A Text B Text C Listening Speaking
Writing
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Lead-in
Task Read the first paragraph of the text. Work in pairs and write down two examples of the development of culture in China.
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
In some societies, McDonaldization has met resistance to the invasion of too much culture from other countries. Examples: In Canada: 35% of a station‟s daytime radio programming is required be devoted to Canadian songs or artists. (Para.10) In Brazil: Barbie‟s popularity has been eclipsed by Susi, a doll that looks more like Brazilian girls. (Para.10)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
5 Diffusion
the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society. e.g. Diffusion can occur through a variety of means: exploration, military conquest, missionary work, the influence or the mass media, tourism, and the Internet. (Para.7)
In Austria: the McDonald‟s organization has drawn on Austrians‟ love of coffee, cake, and conversation to create the McCafe fast-food chain. (Para.9)
Unit 5
• Collocations • Signpost language • Formal English
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Analyzing the text by explaining key terms 1 Culture the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis 10 Cultural lag
the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions e.g. the ethics of using the Internet, such as issues concerning privacy and censorship (Para.12)
1 _____________________________________________
2 _____________________________________________
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
• Text A
– – – – Critical reading and thinking Difficult sentences Group discussion English language for academic purpose
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis 7 Technology
cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires e.g. Technology has increased the speed of cultural diffusion and broadened the distribution of cultural elements. (Para.11)
e.g. athletic sports, cooking, funeral ceremonies, medicine, and sexual restrictions (Anthropologist George Murdock) (Para.2)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
2) invention: an invention results when existing cultural items are combined into a form that did not exist before. e.g. the bow and arrow, automobile, the Internet (Para.5)
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis 2 Cultural universals
adaptations to meet essential human needs, such as people‟s need for food, shelter, and clothing
学术英语 社科
Academic English for Social Sciences
5
Sociology Matters
Cultures all share certain basic characteristics despite differences. In this unit we will see how those characteristics change as cultures develop, and how cultures influence one another through their technological, commercial, and artistic achievements.
Unit 5
Sociology Matters
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis 6 McDonaldization
the process through which the principles of the fast-food restaurant have come to dominate certain sectors of society, both in the United States and throughout the world