英语翻译转换法

• （三） 英语名词转换为汉语形容词、副词
• (1) He added: "I understand and respect those views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision." 他还说："我理解并尊重他们的看法，但我深信我 的决定是正确的。"
• (3) Buy one get one free.
四、 自然语序与倒装语序转换 • (1) Away ran the boy.男孩跑开了。
(2) Slowly climbs the summer moon.夏天的月亮 慢慢地爬上来了。
(3) Here comes the bus.
(4) It is not clear what caused the accident.
• (2) Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. 然而，对所有这 两种类型的人来说，变换一下看法、改变一下环 境和转换一下注意力都是最基本的需要。
• (1) The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin. 这项建议差点通不过。 (2)We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.
我们相信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
• 和汉语一样，英语中有些肯定形式可表达否定意 义，有些否定形式可表达肯定意义。例如：
• The door refuses to shut 门关不上。 • You can never be too careful when driving.开车
要特别小心。
• （一）英语正面表达转换为汉语反面表达
• frost-free refrigerator无霜冰箱 Freeze! 别动！ Wet paint! 油漆未干！ mortally ill 不治之症
5. shift of perspective转换法
• Shift of perspective: to change the word class, sentence segment, word order, voice etc.
转换的形式多种多样，大体可分为7种：①词 类转换，②句子成分转换，③表达方式转换，④ 自然语序与倒装语序转换；⑤正面表达与反面表 达转换，⑥主动式与被动式转换，⑦分句转换。
五、 正面表达与反面表达转换
• 英语正面表达这里指的是不带否定词no, not , never否定 前缀non-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-和否定后缀-less等的句子.汉语 正面表达则是指不带“不”、“没”、“非”、“未”、 “否”、 “无”、 “莫”、“勿”、“别”等否定词语 的句子；反之则是反面表达。
•
(4) As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a
secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was
an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity. 作为居住的地方，这里有许多不足之处，但作为 改革性的新飞机秘密训练基地，却是非常理想的。因为它 地处边陲，人们不易发觉其中的活动
(5)He will give an immediate reply. 他会立即答复。
三、表达方式转换
• （一） 英语中有一些计量词，如score, dozen, decade, quarter等，在汉语中没有相应的表达方式，所以在汉译时 得对其加以转换。
• (1) China has seen great changes in the last two decades. 在过去二十年里中国经历了巨大的变化。 (2) A dozen and a half aeroplanes poured out into the airport during that five minutes. 那5分钟内，有18架飞机涌进了机场。 (3) Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation. 87年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上创建了一个新的国家。
PyleFra Baidu bibliotek struggled through the airport, into the cab and then into the client’s office.
I’m afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 我未必会教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教得好。
• (2) To them, he personified the absolute power. • 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
• (3) The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday.
• (4) Most US spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.
• (3) He went to an outdoor phone booth and dialed
Chicago, then New York, then San Francisco. Silence. Silence. Silence. 他到一个户外公用电话亭，先给芝加哥、 又给纽约、旧金山打了电话。 没有回音。没有回音。没有回音。
二、 句子成分转换
• (1) You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The somebodies come late.在鸡尾酒会上人们 常常可以看出大人物和无名小卒来。那些迟到的就是大人 物。（主语转换为表语；谓语转换为主语）
• (3) The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday. 上星期天，来访的客人和 陪同人员一起参观了黄鹤楼。
• (4) Most US spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions. 美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使 命后，在大气层中焚毁。
• (4) “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啦！” 她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径， 跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。
• (3) …and it was on the first stage of this journey, in Kenya, that she received the news of her father's death and her own accession to the throne. ……就在此行的第一站肯尼亚，她接到了 父亲去世并由她本人继承王位的消息。
• (3) American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. 托马斯·杰斐逊对美国的教育事业做出了巨大贡献。
• (4) Her presence of mind had not completely deserted her; but she could not have trusted herself to speak. 她还没有完全失去镇静，一时却又找不出话可说。（主语 转换为宾语，宾语转换为主语）
Pyles struggled through the airport, into the cab and then into the client’s office.
派尔十分吃力地穿过机场，钻入出租车，走进客 户的办公室。
• （二） 英语动词、副词转换为汉语名词、形容词
• (1) Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是 以礼相待。
• (5) She opened the window to let the fresh air in. 她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。
I’m afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
• (2) With the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him. 由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导，他似乎完全丧失了自信。 但所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己假想出来的。 （主语 转换为宾语，宾语转换为主语）
• He’s the last man to accept a bribe. • Young people are the least conservative. • It is the idea farthest from my thoughts . • I know better than to offend him. • Some of the items are good, others
• (4) She will be back in the last ten days of July.
• （二） 由于英汉两种语言在表述角度上不尽相同， 翻译时常常有必要转换角度，才能使意思明白清 楚、表达自然。
• (1) She has been a widow only for six months. 她丈夫死了至今才不过半年。 (2)Everything here today is 20% off.
词类转换在英语中也有人称作conversion。 这是借用英语语法词法部分的一个术语。句子成 分转换在英语中也可称作是adjustment of syntactic components（句子成分调整）。
一、词类转换
• （一） 英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为汉 语动词
• (1) The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. 因此，对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲，培养一 种爱好和新的情趣方式，乃是至关重要的对策。
might be better.
• (5) As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper; and began reading.
• (6) Father's attitude toward anybody who wasn't his kind used to puzzle me.