重难点09 书面表达提纲类(解析版)

重难点09 书面表达提纲类

【命题趋势】

书面表达是历年高考英语的重点主观测试题之一，它有利于考查学生运用英语语言知识的综合能力，这种综合能力包括从单词拼写、词语搭配、词法结构到语法，从遣词造句、把握要领、谋篇布局到修辞风格等。该题在英语卷中占25分，约占全卷分值17%，是重要题型。而在听、说、读、写四项技能中，＂写＂是最令学生头疼的，有些学生对书面表达题束手无策，无从下手。因此，在高中阶段尤其是在高三备考阶段的英语教学中，如何进行有针对性的强化训练和学法指导，培养学生的英语书面表达能力是极为重要的。【满分技巧】

1. 审题

动笔之前，必须认真审题，分析命题意图。有的考生唯恐时间不够，急于成文，不认真审题，结果写出的文章抓不住重点，杂乱无章，缺乏逻辑性。其实审题的过程是一个思考加工的过程，并不是浪费时间。在审题的过程中，考生可以根据题目确定文章体裁，考虑文章结构，内容。把与题目有关的材料分析、整理加以取舍，这样初步形成这篇文章的大致框架，这在很大程度上关系到整篇文章的成败。

2. 拟提纲抓要点，列提纲。依据格式要求和内容提示，分清主次，理顺关系，抓住要点，列出提纲。因考

试时间有限，宜用简易英文提纲。

(1)文章的主要要点要有逻辑地结合起来，使其结构严谨，内容连贯，层次分明，分好段落，设计好文章的

开头和结尾。同时要有意在句子之间使用一些过渡性词语(比如表示因果、条件、时间等逻辑关系的词汇或结构)。高考高分作文的共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，意思连贯，给人以一气呵成之感。恰当地使用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，避负脱节现象。

(2)语言表达。新的评分标准鼓励学生尽量使用较复杂的结构和高级词汇。语言要准确，长短句结合。学着使用一些高级词汇，为文章增色。评价一篇文章的好坏，一条重要的原则就是＂上下文连贯＂，要让评卷者有一种通篇流畅、一气呵成的感觉。可采用下列策略：

①使用高级语法与句型，如，名词性从句，分词作状语和定语，还有如不定式、强调句、感叹句、倒装句。常见词的复合结构，如＂with+复合宾语结构＂等等，这些形式来提高文章的档次，写出亮点句子。

②使用过渡性词汇，增加文章的逻辑性与连贯性。因为过度词可使文章结构更紧凑，上下文更连贯，逻辑性、可读性更强。比如常见的过渡性词语有表列举的first，second，third，next，then等等；表因果的because of，thanks to等。

③为了避免重复和连接上下文，多用指代词。对于出现过的非关键次和短语，常用指代词来代替，保持文章的简洁，使文章跟紧凑。

写完之后，一定要认真仔细地修改。可遵循下列修改校对的方法：

(1)检查格式，内容要点。

(2)检查句子时态、语态是否正确，结构是否完整。

(3)检查大小写、单词拼写是否正确，书写要工整认真。通过这样的检查过程，能够最大程度的减少错误的发生，从而减少人为失分。

【热点话题】

书面表达提纲类热衷于健康、环保类等。

【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）

A

（天津市耀华中学2020届高三上学期）

假定你是李华，你所在的城市正在举办首届书法(Calligraphy)展，不仅包括了古今名作，还有一些业余爱好者的优秀作品，请你给外教Mr. Green写封信，邀请他去参观。

1. 写信目的；

2. 举办的时间(本周早九点到晚九点)和地点(the City Exhibition Center)；

注意：

1. 词数不少于100；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好。

Dear Mr. Green,

Knowing that _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

Dear Mr. Green,

Knowing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I am writing to invite you to participate in the first calligraphy exhibition which is being held in our city.

In order to increase people’s interest in calligraphy and provide opportunities for ordinary people to display their calligraphic skills, the show is going to be held in the City Exhibition Center from 9:00 am to 9:00 p.m. this week. Apart from the works of some ancient and modem Chinese masters, the works of ordinary people will also be exhibited, which I think is the most attractive part for us.

I believe the exhibition will not only offer us a good opportunity to obtain a dear picture of calligraphy, but also learn the deep love Chinese people have for it. If you want to pa y a visit to it, please inform me of your available time so that we can go there together.

Yours,

Li Hua 【文章大意】

本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，邀请外教Mr. Green去参观首届书法(Calligraphy)展。【详解】

第一步：审题

体裁：应用文

时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。

结构：总分法

总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。

要求：1.写信目的；

2.举办的时间(本周早九点到晚九点)和地点(the City Exhibition Center)；

第二步:列提纲（重点词组）

In order to；Apart from；the most attractive part；pay a visit to

第三步：连词成句

1. Knowing that you are interested in Chinese culture, I am writing to invite you to participate in the first

calligraphy exhibition which is being held in our city.

2. In order to increase people’s interest in calligraphy and provide opportunities for ordinary people to display

their calligraphic skills, the show is going to be held in the City Exhibition Center from 9：00 am to 9：00 p.m.

this week.

3. Apart from the works of some ancient and modem Chinese masters, the works of ordinary people will also

be exhibited, which I think is the most attractive part for us.

4. I believe the exhibition will not only offer us a good opportunity to obtain a dear picture of calligraphy, but

also learn the deep love Chinese people have for it.

5. If you want to pa y a visit to it, please inform me of your available time so that we can go there together.

根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,

3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…

4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，

第五步：润色修改

B

（山西省祁县中学2019-2020届高三8月月考）

某英文杂志正在举办"Whether should high school students stay up late to study?"为主题的征文活动。假如你是紅星中学李华，就“高中学生该不该熬夜学习“在学校作了一次调查，結果发现60%的同学认为应该熬夜学习，认为晚上学习安静，效率高，而还有40%的同学认为晚上不该熬夜学习，熬夜不利于身体，对学习没有多大帮助。况且白天又容易打瞌睡，得不偿失。现在请你给报社写一封信，反映此现并发表自己的观点。

注意：词数100左右.

參考词汇：gains cannot make up for losses 得不偿失

Dear Editor.

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Your’s,

Li Hua 【答案】

Dear Editor,

With the learning task increasing in high school, more and more high school students are beginning to stay up late to study. Recently we did a survey about whether high school freshmen should stay up late to study or not Opinions are divided into two parts. 60% of the students think they should study at night because there is no noise at that time and that they have higher learning efficiency.

However others think that they should stay up late to study have three reasons. First staying up does great harm to health. Second it is of no help to improve their grades. Third they will be dozy during the day so that gains cannot make up for losses.

As far as I’m concerned, health is more important than anything else. It is normal for high school freshmen to stay up late to study, but it is very harmful to health if they stay up too late frequently.

Yours,

Li Hua 【文章大意】

本书面表达是一篇提纲类写作。要求以紅星中学李华的名义用英语给报社写一封信。

【详解】

这是一篇书信类作文。写作提要为某英文杂志正在举办"Whether should high school students stay up late to study?"为主题的征文活动。假如你是紅星中学李华，就“高中学生该不该熬夜学习“在学校作了一次调查，結果发现60%的同学认为应该熬夜学习，认为晚上学习安静，效率高，而还有40%的同学认为晚上不该熬夜学习，熬夜不利于身体，对学习没有多大帮助。况且白天又容易打瞌睡，得不偿失。现在请你给报社写一封信，反映此现并发表自己的观点。我们所要做的就是用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。本作文中给出的要点比较简略，故需要自由发挥的地方较多。需要注意不要偏离文章中心。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，一定要契合整个文章，不能出现文章脱节问题。

尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。

C

（黑龙江省大庆实验中学2019-2020学年高三上学期开学考试）

假定你是大庆实验中学高三学生会主席李华，实验中学被选定为大庆市垃圾分类试点单位，请你根据以下要点写一篇倡议书，倡议全体同学垃圾分类，内容包括：

1. 告知学校要进行垃圾分类。

2. 垃圾分类的重要意义。

3. 提出倡议。

要求：词数：100词左右；

参考词汇：垃圾分类waste sorting/ rubbish classification 可回收的recyclable

Dear fellow students,

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you!

Yours,

Li Hua 【答案】

Dear fellow students,

Our school has been selected as one of the experimental units for rubbish classification. Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins. Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants. Above all, such harmful things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes.

The program is of great benefit. We will be able to save resources by making use of recyclable garbage and harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatment.

Let’s work together for a better campus!

【文章大意】

这是一封倡议信。写倡议信语言应简洁明了，用词精准，内容明确。根据内容提示可知，写作主要分

为三部分：倡议内容、垃圾分类的意义以及提出倡议。

【详解】

第1步：审题。确定时态和人称。根据提示：你作为学生会主席，向大家发起倡议。时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称和第三人称为主。

第2步：确定关键词（组），提炼写作要点。如：experimental units (试点)，sort out（分类），be collected as food for pigs（回收喂猪），be processed as fertilizer for plants (被加工成植物肥料)，mixed with（混在一起）等。第3步：对写作要点遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。符合英语表达习惯，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。

D

（福建省莆田第一中学2018-2019届高三上学期第三次月考）

假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jenny正在做一份关于中国移动支付（mobile payment）的问卷调查，你是她的重点采访对象。内容包括：

1.你或你身边的人在日常生活中是使用移动支付的情况；

2.移动支付带来的好处；

3.你的看法

Dear Jack,

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua 【答案】

Dear Jenny,

How is your survey on mobile payment going? I’m glad I can help with it.

Mobile payment can be received almost anywhere in China. For example, when my family eat out in a restaurant, see a doctor, or pay electricity and water bills, we’d rather make payments with our mobile phones.

(It is generally believed that China is the largest mobile payment market. Nowhere else is the cashless trend more obvious than in China. Most of us are used to paying by scanning QR codes whatever we buy—books, clothes, and electronic devices, to name a few, which is a glimpse into the life of most Chinese like me and my family.)

With the widespread use of mobile payment, Wechat or Alipay is the most convenient and safest way to pay. We rarely need to carry a wallet or cash at all. Besides, never will we worry about getting fake notes or having to count change. In short, mobile paym ent has greatly changed people’s life in China.

Personally, I think mobile payment should be encouraged. First, it has won over consumers with its convenience. Another advantage is that there are often discounts if you make mobile payment. The reason is that major online payment platforms are competing to have more consumers use their service.

I hope my explanation can be of some help to you. Wish you good luck.

Yours faithfully,

Li Hua 【分析】

本篇书面表达属于书信类的应用文。

第一：根据提示给出写作的目的或者是书信类的问候语

第二：通过所给提示可知调查问卷总共三个问题，对三个问题分成三段进行解答。

第三：书信类应用文的结尾语。

【详解】

第一步：根据提示可知，本篇书面表达为信件；你的美国朋友Jenny正在做一份关于中国移动支付（mobile payment）的问卷调查，你是她的重点采访对象。现在，请给她回复调查问卷的内容，并且希望能对她有很大帮助，书信类用一般现在时表达，时态恰当。

第二步：根据文章所给的三句提示，分三段进行叙述，结构分明，段落清晰。叙述“你或你身边的人在日常生活中是使用移动支付的情况”，举例说明，更具体，更直观，更有说服力。“移动支付的好处”逻辑清晰，分析说明有道理，语句层次清晰。发表个人观点层次分明，用的复合句恰到好处，提高文章档次。

第三步：首尾段都符合书信体的规范，并且恰当的运用了问候语和结尾语，与文体相符。

本篇作文写出了全部内容，段落清晰，用词恰当，适当的运用了结构过渡词Firstly，文章层次更清楚，使用

了3-4个复合句式，文章更丰满。

E

（天津市宝坻一中2019届高三第三次模拟）

假设你是晨光中学的李津。为了践行社会主义核心价值观，倡导文明行为，你校正在开展“创建文明校园”的活动。请你用英语给全校学生写一封倡议书。内容包括：

1. 创建文明校园的重要性；

2. 校园内存在的不文明现象；

3. 你的观点。

参考词汇：文明校园civilized campus

社会主义核心价值观socialist core values

注意：1. 词数不少于100；

2. 内容充实，行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总次数。

Dear fellow students,

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Li Jin 【答案】

Dear fellow students,

To practice socialist core values and stimulate civilized behaviours, we are making our campus a civilized one, which is of great importance to us. We can not only get along well with our schoolmates as well as our teachers, but also study and live in a better and more harmonious environment. However, there are some bad behaviours on our campus now. For example, some students are impolite and dishonest to others. Moreover, others throw litter everywhere, ignoring others’ hard work. To achieve this goal and improve our quality, we must promote our environmental awareness and behave ourselves. Let’s take action right now and we can make it.

Li Jin 【解析】

本文属于应用文，要求写一则倡议书。

【详解】

第一步: 根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一则倡议书，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：①为了践行社会主义核心价值观，倡导文明行为，正在开展“创建文明校园”的活动；②创建文明校园的重要性；③校园内存在的不文明现象；④自己的观点。

第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如：civilized campus（文明校园），socialist core values（社会主义核心价值观），better and more harmonious environment（更好更和谐的环境），throw litter everywhere（乱扔垃圾）等。

第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。

第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。

【点睛】

本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合倡议书的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。

非限制性定语从句的使用To practice socialist core values and stimulate civilized behaviours, we are making our campus a civilized one, which is of great importance to us.

非谓语动词的使用M oreover, others throw litter everywhere, ignoring others’ hard work.