从含铂废催化剂中回收贵金属解析

本文介绍了从废催化剂中回收贵金属铂的国内外现状、意义，回收方法和

具体的实验过程。本实验采用的废催化剂样品为PS-VI废剂，催化剂载体为Al

2O 3 ,

含铂量为0.25-0.4%。目前，从Al

2O

3

载体废催化剂中回收铂通常采用以下3种

处理方法：溶解铂金属法、溶解载体法和载体-铂金共溶法。本实验采用溶解载体法，其工艺过程包括精制部分和粗制部分。废催化剂经过灼烧、硫酸溶解、过滤、反复的硫化沉铂和王水溶解、球磨细化等操作过程，得到高纯铂。该方法的

原理：硫酸能溶解Al

2O

3

载体，过程中会有少量的铂溶于硫酸，而在反应后的溶

液中加入Na

2

S溶液，只有溶解的铂与其发生反应生成沉淀，而铝离子不反应，

但铂溶于王水生成H

2PtCl

6

，再加入NH

4

Cl溶液生成（NH

4

）

2

PtCl

6

沉淀，该沉淀不

溶于水和乙醇，并且经高温煅烧形成海绵铂。本实验经过反复实验确定了适用于实验及工业生产的实验方法和反应条件，获得产品纯度高，大大提高了回收率。本实验具有操作简单，反应条件容易控制，回收率及纯度高等优点和消耗酸量大等缺点。

关键词：废催化剂，贵金属，铂。焙烧，回收

This article describes the recovery of platinum from spent catalysts inland and abroad the current situation, the significance methods of recycling and specific experimental procedures. The spent catalyst samples used in this experiment is PS-VI waste agent, and catalyst support is Al2O3, and the content of platinum is 0.25-0.4%. At present, platinum recovery from the spent catalyst of Al2O3 carrier usually uses the following three methods: dissolved platinum law, dissolve the carrier method and carrier - platinum dissolution method. In this study, the dissolved carrier method is used, and its process includes the crude part and the refined part. Spent catalyst after burning, sulfuric acid dissolution, filtration, repeated the vulcanization sink platinum and aqua regia dissolution, milling refinement operation to obtain high-purity platinum. The principle: the sulfuric acid can dissolve Al2O3carrier, and there is a small amount of platinum dissolved in sulfuric acid, however，in the reaction solution by adding Na2S solution, only the dissolution of platinum react to generate precipitation, and aluminum ions do not react, but platinum is generated of H2PtCl6 when dissolved in aqua regia, then add NH4Cl solution to generate (NH4) 2PtCl6 precipitation, and the precipitate is insoluble in water and ethanol, and the formation of sponge platinum when fired at high temperature. In this study, the experimental method and reaction conditions for the experimental and industrial production is determined after repeated experiments, and the obtained products is of high purity, and it greatly improved the recovery rate. This experiment is simple, the reaction conditions are easy to control, and recovery and high purity advantages and consumption of acid large amount of drawback.

Key words：Spent catalysts, precious metals, platinum

摘要 (1)

前言 (4)

1 贵金属使用、回收现状及意义 (4)

1.1 废剂的来源 (4)

1.2 贵金属在催化剂中使用的现状 (4)

1.3 贵金属回收现状 (6)

1.4 废催化剂回收的意义 (8)

1.5 铂的性质及用途 (9)

2 废催化剂中贵金属回收方法 (10)

2.1 预处理 (10)

2.2 实验方法 (11)

实验部分 (13)

1 主要的实验试剂及药品 (13)

2 实验步骤 (15)

2.1 粗制部分 (15)

2.2 精制部分 (17)

2.3 另用载体铂金共溶法进行实验 (18)

结果与讨论 (20)

1 实验过程及结果分析 (20)

2 实验中注意事项 (20)

结语 (21)

谢辞 (22)