蚕豆根尖细胞微核实验

蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术检测洗衣粉的毒性

姓名：马丽同组者：李哲指导教师：郝雪峰

（太原师范学院生物系112班）

摘要微核（micronucleus,MCN）是真核生物细胞经各种理化因子作用后引起染色体畸变，在间期细胞中的一种表现形式。在细胞间期，微核呈圆形或椭圆形，游离于主核之外，大小应在主核1/3～1/20，染色与主核一样或稍浅。一般认为微核是由无着丝粒的染色体断片或落后染色体，在分裂末期不能进入主核，便形成了主核之外的核块。当子细胞进入下一次分裂间期时，它们便浓缩成主核之外的小核，即微核。[1]

Abstract Micronucleus (MCN, micronucleus) is eukaryotic cells by various physical and chemical factors caused by chromosome aberration, and in a form of interphase cells. In interphase cells micronucleus assumes the circular or elliptic, free from the main nuclear, nuclear 1/3 ~ 1/20 size should be in the main, dyeing and the main nuclear as or slightly shallow. Generally considered microkernel by acentric chromosome fragment or lagging chromosomes, in the late division could not enter the nucleus, formed the main nuclear nuclear block. When the cells into the next phase split between, they condense into main small nuclear nuclear, namely the microkernel. [1]

关键词蚕豆根尖微核洗衣粉染色体畸变千分率

Keyword Broad bean root tip Micronucleus Washing powder Chromosomal aberration Permillage

引言掌握蚕豆根尖细胞微核检测技术的一般方法。并利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核检测技术对洗衣粉的毒性状况给出客观的评价，同时表明蚕豆根尖细胞MCN对胁迫很敏感，蚕豆根尖微核技术可用于洗漱用品的安全监测。

蚕豆是一种很好的细胞遗传学研究材料。它的染色体为六对相当大的染色体，而且根尖含有较多的分裂相细胞，非常适合显微观察。目前，蚕豆根尖微核技术在环境致突变性检测/监测方面已经形成了一套完整的体系。它的可靠性和灵敏性较高，且本底较低，这对于一种致突变性检测方法是十分重要的。此外，它的检测物谱较广。目前多数学者认为，在镜检细胞微核时，应按下列标准计数微核：

（1）凡主核大小1/3以下，与主核分离的小核；

（2）小核的着色与主核相当或稍浅；

（3）小核形态可为圆形，不规则等。[2]

For eword Grasp the broad bean root tip cells micronucleus test technique of general method. And use the broad bean root tip cell micronucleus test on the shampoo's toxic condition objective evaluation is given, and shows broad bean root tip cells MCN is sensitive to stress, broad bean root tip micro nuclear technology can be used in the safety monitoring of toiletries.

Bean is a kind of very good genetics research materials. Its six for considerable chromosomes, and root tip contains more split phase cells, very suitable for microscopic observation. At present, the broad bean root tip micro nuclear technology in environment respectively detection/monitoring aspects have formed a set of complete system. Its reliability and high sensitivity and low background, it is very important for a detection method respectively. In addition, it widely test spectrum. At present most of scholars believe that, in the microscopic cell micronucleus, microkernel should according to the following standard count:

(1) all the main nuclear size under a third, separated from the main nuclear small nuclear;

(2) nuclear quite a small nuclear staining with the Lord or slightly shallow;

(3) small nuclear shape can be round, irregular, etc. [3]

1. 材料与方法

1.1实验材料

蚕豆种子、洗衣粉、显微镜、镊子、培养皿、剪刀、载玻片、盖玻片、烧杯、Carnoys 固定液、盐酸酒精解离液、改良苯酚品红染液等。

1.2 毒液配制

选取所测洗衣粉，按平时所用比例与水混合均匀。

1.3实验方法

1.3.1 浸种

择饱满、均匀的20粒种子，洗净后用蒸馏水常规浸种24h，此期至少换水2次；待种子充分吸胀后，移入干净的培养皿内培养。

1.3.2 催芽

种子吸胀后，保持湿度，在室温下催芽2天。