修辞和翻译 提喻共40页
英语的修辞手法-英语的45种修辞手法-定义-解释
英语中的45种修辞（1）alliteration（押头韵）：一组单词的第一个辅音相同，比如例句中四个以l开头的单词。
▲ Let us go forth to lead the land we love.（2）anacoluthon（错格）：句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构，比如例句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。
▲ As a regular reader of your papers -- Why does it give so little space to science?（3）anadiplosis（联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍，比如例句中的servants。
▲ Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.（4）anaphora（首语重复）：将一个句子的开头单词或短语，在随后的句子中重复多遍，比如例句中的we shall fight。
▲ We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.（5）anastrophe（词序倒装）: 改变正常词序，比如例句中最后一部分，正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。
▲ The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.（6）antistrophe（逆反复）：在每个句子的结尾，重复相同的单词或短语，比如例句中的without warning。
修辞与翻译PPT课件
• Ｂ：明喻又称 “显比”，“直喻”，“明比”，是 一种十分明显的比喻。明喻是本体 ，喻体 ，比喻词 都要出现的比喻 。本体与喻体之间在形式上具有非 常明显的相似 （或相类） 关系。 它的形式就是 ：
A 象 B。
• Similes in the Chinese language can usually be rendered by words like “象 ,好象,似 ,好似 ,如 ,如同 , 仿佛 ,犹如, 宛如 ,象 …一样(似的, 一般)”。
•
如今你看他们又结实又胖，脸上红扑扑的。
• Every bean has its black.
•
人皆有短处。
• The best is the enemy of Don’t trust him. He is an ambulance chaser. • 不要相信他，他是个惟利是图的人。
like a fowl and then went on walloping and kicking
him again till his nose and mouth were a bloody pulp.
• Today you see them bouncing, buxom, red as cherries.
• She had as high an opinion of herself as if she were a goddess, and treated like dirt.
• 接着他们用绳子五花大绑,把节振德捆得象个粽子似 的,又是一阵拳打脚踢。
• They give him a good cuff and kick, trusses him up
都有。
• Advice and correction roll off him like water off a
英语修辞转喻and提喻PPT课件
Metonymy(转喻）
( 9 ) 以抽象事物代替具体事物
In the present instance, it was sickness and poverty together that she came to visit. ( Jane Austen )
It is a pity that there is more ignorance than knowledge in the country.
hits the bottle.
每当我丈夫在办公室不顺心，
他就喝得酩酊大醉。
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Metonymy(转喻）
( 8 ) 以具体事物代替抽象事物
He lives by the pen. He is too fond of the bottle I found the patriot in him. Don’t act／play the fool. Play the man!
转喻法 (Metonymy)
提喻法 (Synecdoche)
1102 Group
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Contents
1
Introduction
2
Definition
3
Metonymy
4
Synecdoche
5
Comparison
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2
Introduction
• Literal Language • Figurative Language (Trope修辞，比喻)
• 转喻是在提及事物时不用其本身的名字称 呼而是用与它密切相连的概念来替代它的 一种 英语修辞格。
• 它着重的是事物本身的特点或它与其他事 物之间的特殊关系
用法
英汉翻译修辞与翻译
第18页，共68页。
oxymoron
• 将相互矛盾的概念和判断巧妙地联系在一起，以便相互映 衬，突出事物的特点，表达复杂的思想感情和意味深长的 哲理。
• Writing is busy idleness.
• 写作是忙碌的消遣。
• Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. • 与其作愚蠢的智人,不如作聪明的愚人
• 这是多么伟大的国家啊！----他们竟允许穷 人睡觉。
第16页，共68页。
euphemism
• 用转弯抹角的说法来代替直截了当的话，把原来显得粗鲁或 令人尴尬的语言温和、含蓄地表达出来。这在汉语中叫委婉 语。
• John’s wife is a sanitation engineer. • 约翰的老婆是城市美容师/清洁工。 • senior citizens
• 既然失去了和睦，也就失去了友谊，失去了忠 诚，失去了自由----失去了一切。
第5页，共68页。
assonance
• 在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的 词具有相同的元音。
• We are marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to the human mind.
第28页，共68页。
climax
• 把一系列的词、短语或者分句按照其表达的思 想内容的重要性，由弱到强、由轻到重依次排 列，最后达到顶点。这种修辞手法与汉语的 “层递”完全相同。
英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, orapplying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
修辞翻译
The moon rose from behind the copse, nearly full and the two lights struggled till moonlight conquered, changing the color and quality of all the garden, stealing along the flagstones reaching their feet, climbing up, changing their faces. [参考译文]快要圆了的月亮从矮树丛后升起，月光和 薄暮互相争辉，最后月光胜利了，它改变了整个花 园的面貌和气氛，月光偷偷地沿着石板路来到他们 的脚旁，渐渐地往上爬，使他们的脸上起了变化。
拟人（personification） Then night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand at our fevered head, and turns our little tear – stained face up to hers, and smiles, and, though she does not speak, we know that she would say and lay our hot, flushed cheek against her bosom and the pain is gone. [参考译文]夜像一个慈祥伟大的母亲，轻轻地把她的 手放在我们发烫的额头上，把我们沾满泪水的小脸 扭向她的面孔，微笑着，虽然她不说话，但我们知 道她会说些什么。她把我们烧得发烫的面颊靠在她 的胸上，疼痛也就消失了。
While we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it. [参考译文] 尽管我们不能填平我们之间的鸿沟，我 们却可以设法架一座桥，以便跨过这座桥来进行交 谈。 Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience and truth may be drowned. (Kozlay) [参考译文] 金钱是无底的海洋，荣誉、良心和真理 都可以淹没在其中。 Passion was to go to sleep in the presence of Mrs. General and blood was to change to milk and water.（Charles Dickens: Little Dorrit） [参考译文] 在詹勒洛夫人面前，一个人的激情会变 得麻木不仁，热血也会变成掺水的牛奶。
修辞格与翻译PPT课件
❖As close as an oyster 守口如瓶
❖As sure as a gun
千真万确
❖As cool as a cucumber 泰然自若
❖As mute as a fish
噤若寒蝉
❖As blue as the great sea
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❖(3) as if; as though
❖ 婚姻像是一个被包围的城堡：外边的想要进去，里边的想 要出来。
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❖(2) as
❖As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds.
❖鹰是鸟中之王，犹如狮是兽中之王。
❖Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books;
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❖The pain of separation ❖The light of learning ❖A vicious circle ❖Room for negotiation ❖An angry sky ❖Graves yawned ❖Killing half-an-hour ❖Shoulder of the hill 山脊 ❖Friendly river ❖Laughing valleys
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❖Rhetoric 修辞学
❖Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that
aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers that attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific
《修辞与翻译》课件
新闻报道的修辞与翻译
总结词
新闻报道的语言客观、准确，翻译时应注重信息的准确 传递。
详细描述
新闻报道的语言客观、准确，修辞手法相对较少。在新 闻报道的翻译中，译者需要注重信息的准确传递，避免 因修辞手法的不当运用而导致信息的误传。同时，译者 还需要注意新闻报道的语言风格和语体特点，保持译文 的客观性和准确性。
反语的翻译
反语是指用反义词或具有相反含义的词来表 达意思，在翻译时需要理解反语的含义，并 转化为目标语言中的相应表达。
修辞在翻译中的重
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修辞的运用可以使译文更加自然、流畅，符合目标 语言的表达习惯，提高译文的易读性。
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通过修辞手法，可以更好地处理句子的语序、语气 和节奏，使译文更加地道，易于理解。
《修辞与翻译》ppt课 件
目录
• 修辞与翻译的概述 • 常见修辞手法在翻译中的应用 • 修辞在翻译中的重要性 • 翻译中的修辞技巧与策略 • 修辞与翻译实践案例分析 • 总结与展望
修辞与翻译的概述
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修辞的定义与功能
修辞的定义
修辞是一门研究语言使用和表达的艺 术，旨在通过特定的表达方式来增强 语言的表达效果和说服力。
提高译者修辞素养的重要性
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提升译文质量
具备良好修辞素养的译者能够更准确地把握原文 意义，运用恰当的修辞手法传达原文的情感和意 图，提高译文质量。
增强跨文化交流能力
修辞素养有助于译者更好地理解和应对不同文化 背景下的语言差异，增强跨文化交流能力。
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培养综合素质
修辞素养的提升有助于译者培养创新思维、批判 性思维等综合素质，提高职业竞争力。
转换语言风格
根据目标读者的需求和接受 度，对原文的语言风格进行 适当的转换，以使译文更加 贴切自然。
英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
修辞和翻译提喻讲述
每课一句：Proverbs and Sayings
No unadvised industry, no unrewarded selfdevotion, no loss of brains in toil.
不要轻率的勤劳，不要作无益的奉献，不要过分 消耗脑力。parallel
Nero（尼禄）—a tyrant（暴君） John Wayne（约翰·韦恩）—a modern figure of
a tough man（粗旷型男子汉形象）
（3）文学渊源（literary figures）
Uncle Tom（汤姆大叔）—a Negro who compromises and conforms with the Whites （与白人妥协顺应的黑人）
Eugene.O.Neill: Hairy Ape
A real skirt, a skirt chaser.
Antonomasia换称
一个专有名词，作为一座桥梁，联系不同背景的共同特 征，借助原有的联想，迅速建立新的联想，这在英语修 辞学中就是换称（Antonomasia）和借代（Metonymy） 不同之点 。
这三点渊源突出了文化背景在运用换称上的重要 性。
提喻(the synecdoche) 借代
比喻一定要用一种事物比方另一种事物，无论明 喻、隐喻和转喻都是如此。
(3) Mrs Smith is nice but her husband is such a bear that nobody likes him.
史密斯夫人和蔼可亲， 但她丈夫为人粗鲁，脾 气暴躁，谁都不喜欢他（以兽喻人）。
(4) She is a social butterfly. 她是一个交际花（以虫喻人）。
修辞与翻译
A:暗喻又称 “隐喻”, “隐比”, “暗比”,是比明喻更进一步 的比喻, 是一种凝缩性的比喻，或者说是不露痕迹的比喻。 暗喻使本体和喻体关系更密切， 融成一体， 语言更精练， 语义更含蓄 。暗喻的本体， 喻体都出现 ，但它”们之间的 关系是相同或相等， 相类的。 比喻关系不用比喻词表示， 而是暗含在一般的句子结构中， 所以叫暗喻 。它的形式是 A 是 B。 B:隐喻是比明喻更进一步的比喻 。它只出现比喻的事物 （喻体 ）和被比喻的事物 （本体）。不用 “象” 这类比喻 词， 而常常用 “是”，“成为” 等作为连接词把两者融为 一体。
• Today you see them bouncing, buxom, red as cherries. • 如今你看他们又结实又胖，脸上红扑扑的。
• Every bean has its black. • 人皆有短处。 • The best is the enemy of the good. • 要求过高反难成功。 • Don’t trust him. He is an ambulance chaser. • 不要相信他，他是个惟利是图的人。
英语 metaphor兼有汉语修辞格隐喻、借喻以及拟物的格式， 作用也与这几种汉语修辞格基本相同。（毛荣贵，廖晟： 2005）
拟人；Personification
1) 每条岭都是那么温柔，虽然下自山脚， 上至岭顶，长满了珍贵的林木，可是谁 也不孤峰突起，盛气凌人。（老舍： 《小花朵集》）All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance，though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
第七讲 修辞格的翻译1
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1 直译法 ——对可译的辞格，尽可能直译
明喻；暗喻；拟人；夸大 讳饰；转喻；省略；折绕 移就；呼告；递升；递降；反语 跳脱； 排比； 设问； 反问； 谲辞
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明喻 Simile 1) 刘玉翠回到村里，就好比是住进了监
牢里。〔康濯?春种秋收?〕Having returned to the village，Liu Yucui felt as if she had got into prison. 2) He drove as if possessed by the devil. 他着魔似的驾车狂奔。
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有时采用意译更为适宜 1) Great minds think alike. 〔= Great
people think alike.〕英雄所见略同。〔 不宜译成 “伟大的脑袋所见略同。〞〕 2) Gray hair should be respected. 〔 gray hair = the aged〕老年人应受到尊 敬。〔不宜译成 “灰头发应受到尊敬。〞 〕
3) Jane’s uncle is an old fox，up to all kinds of evils. 简的 叔叔是个老狐狸，什么坏事都干得出来。
4) After that long talk，Jim became the sun in her heart. 那 次长谈之后，吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
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2)“Don’t talk to me about no opportunity any more. Opportunity’s knocking down every door in the country，trying to get in. When I was young，a man had to go out and find opportunity and drag it home by the ears.〞〔 Kurt Vonnegut: Tom Edison’s Shaggy Dog〕“休 说什么时机难逢。时机正在国内每家每户敲门， 想要进去呢。 我年轻那会儿，人们得出门去寻 找时机，揪着耳朵把它拖回来。〞