从弗洛伊德的三重人格结构理论分析《茶花女》的爱情悲剧--英语(医学)专业毕业论文

北京中医药大学

学士毕业论文

题目A Study on the Love Tragedy in The Lady of the Camellias from Freud’s Tripartite Structure of Personality

从弗洛伊德的三重人格结构理论分析《茶花女》的爱情悲剧

系别人文学院英语（医学）专业

姓名___________________________________

导师____________________________________

定稿日期2016 年 5 月3日

北京中医药大学人文学院

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A Study on the Love Tragedy in The Lady of the Camellias

from Freud’s Tripartite Structure of Personality

A Thesis Submitted

By

Song Xiaohui

To

The School of Humanities

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts

Supervised by

Associate Professor Kong Xiangguo

Beijing University of Chinese Medicine

Beijing, China

May 2016

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor Kong Xiangguo for his constructive suggestions and supervision during the development of the thesis and this paper. And I would show my gratitude to my classmate for her advice on grammar.

I am also grateful to other respectable teachers at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

Abstract

In 1898, Chinese translator Lin Shu translated the novel The Lady of the Camellias into Chinese. The distinctive love tragedy shocked the Chinese society. Since then, Chinese people have been reading and studying this novel from several perspectives. Sigmund Freud put forward several theories: sub-consciousness, psychoanalysis, theory of Instinct, theory of structure of personality. This thesis studies the cause of this love tragedy from the perspective of Freudian Theory of Tripartite Structure of Personality: id, ego and superego. It will discuss main characters’ id, ego and superego and demonstrate the relation between individuals and the society. The id of Marguerite is love, Prudence’s id is money. At the beginning Armand’s id is the sexual interest to Marguerite then his id became love. The superego of Marguerite is sacrifice which was stimulated by the society’s superego (reputation). Armand’s superego was distrust and it changed to lament to Marguerite after she died.

The society is the collection of all or most of people. Therefore the id of the society is the collection most individuals. The id of society is and money and will attack Marguerite’s id because she gave up money for love. After analyzing the novel, a conclusion is made that there were external and internal causes. The external activated her superego and repressed her id. And the inhibition of desire led to sorrow but she would feel guilty if she did not obey the superego. The struggle between id and superego tormented her and to stop the suffering the instinct of death produced destructive behaviors (ignoring illness, unhealthy lifestyle and so on) and caused her death.

Key words: The Lady of the Camellias, tragedy, the id, the superego, society