第2讲 非谓语动词 讲义
知识运用篇
专题四语法填空
有提示词填空
第2讲非谓语动词
?技法1：知晓句法功能
?高考语法填空对非谓语动词的考查多为基本句法功能的考查，因此掌握非谓语动词的句法功能对解题非常重要。
?(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots，______________(use) twigs(树枝)to remove it.
?[解题思路]
?①首先分析句子结构→句子缺少非谓语
?②然后分析非谓语句法功能→非谓语作状语
?③最后判断主被动关系→people和use存在主动关系
?尝试解答：_using_
?[技法解读]
?1.非谓语动词作定语
?(1)非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来时要想到用不定式。I have many letters to write tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午有许多信要写。
?(2)非谓语动词作定语时，表正在进行或主动进行时要想到用现在分词。
?The boy playing in the playground is my brother.正在操场上玩耍的那个小男孩是我弟弟。?(3)非谓语动词作定语时，表示已经完成或被动完成时要想到用过去分词。
?The trees blown down in the storm have been moved off the road.
?在风暴中被刮倒的树木已被移出道路。
?2．非谓语动词作状语
?(1)非谓语动词作目的状语、出乎意料的结果状语或某些形容词(表喜、怒、哀、乐)表语后的原因状语时，要想到用不定式。
?Firemen had to break in to reach the people trapped inside.
?为了抢救困在屋里的人，消防人员不得不破门而入。
?(2)非谓语动词作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语或意料之中的结果状语时，如果动词和逻辑主语存在主动关系，要想到用现在分词。
?He comes home late every evening，making his wife very angry.
?他每天回来得很晚，这使他的妻子很生气。(表结果)
?(3)非谓语动词作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语时，如果动词和逻辑主语存在被动关系，要想到用过去
分词。Born in a poor family，Nadia had only two years of schooling.
?由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因)
?3．非谓语动词作补语
?(1)非谓语动词在使役动词have，let，make等后面时，要想到接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。?I like the film because it can make me laugh.
?我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。
?(2)非谓语动词在感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等后面时要想
到接省去to的不定式或动词-ing形式作其宾语补足语，动词不定式表示动作的全过程，动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行。
?I often see some boys play football at noon.
?(3)非谓语动词在have，keep，leave，find，catch，send等动词后且表示主动时，要想到用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
?She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.
?她让我等了二十多分钟。
?(4)非谓语动词在want，like，wish，order，have，make，get，keep，leave，see，hear，find，feel，notice，observe，watch等动词后且表被动时，要想到用过去分词作宾语补足语。
?I will have the machines checked before work.工作前我会把机器检查一下。
?4．非谓语动词作主语
?(1)非谓语动词作主语表示抽象动作，要想到用动名词。Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。?(2)非谓语动词作主语表示具体动作，要想到用不定式。
?To smoke so much is not very good for your health.
?你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
?(3)不定式作主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
?It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
?我只花了五分钟的时间就完成了这项工作。
?(1)非谓语动词作动词宾语时，要想到用动名词或不定式(此内容具体见解题技法4)。?(2)非谓语动词作介词宾语时，要想到用动名词。
?One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about being late for school.
?一天早上，我在公共汽车站等车，担心上学迟到了。
?6．非谓语动词作表语
?(1)非谓语动词作表语表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作，要想到用动词不定式。
?His wish is to make his dream come true in the near future，他的愿望是在不远的将来实现他的梦想。?(2)非谓语动词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，要想到用动名词。
?Our work is serving the people.
?我们的工作是为人民服务。
?(3)非谓语动词作表语，表示“令人……的”，要想到用现在分词；表示“主语的感受”，要想到用过去分词。
?The story sounds interesting and I'm interested in it.
?这个故事听起来很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
?①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __to create_ (create)special designs.
?②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _living_(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
?③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers _conducted_ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
ability to “air condition”a house without _using_ (use) electric equipment.
?⑤Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car _washed_(wash)．
?技法2：看清逻辑主语
?逻辑主语对于解决非谓语动词的题目非常关键，解题时需先找到逻辑主语，然后再判断非谓语动词的形式。
?(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I was the first Western TV reporter ______________(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
?[解题思路]
?①分析句子结构→句子缺少非谓语
?②找出逻辑主语→reporter
?③判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语的关系→reporter和permit存在被动关系
?尝试解答：_permitted_
?[技法解读]
?1．若非谓语动词作状语，则其逻辑主语是句子的主语。若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，即主动关系，则用现在分词形式；若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，即被动关系，则用过去分词形式。?He lay on the grass，enjoying the warm sunshine and spring breeze.他躺在草地上，享受温暖的阳光和春风。?Seen from space，the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe.
?从太空看，地球像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体。
系，且强调进行，则用现在分词形式；若宾语是分词动作的承受者，即被动关系，则用过去分词形式。?I saw him climbing the fence just now.
?我刚才看见他在爬这个栅栏。
?A villager saw the little girl taken away by a middle-aged lady.一位村民看见这个小女孩被一位中年妇女带走了。
?①(2017·丰台一模)Whenever I’m in trouble，I hear a voice __ringing_ (ring) in my head，“You can do it.”?②(2015·重庆高考改编)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _using_(use)the sun and the stars.?③After I entered the room.I saw him _lying_(lie)on the ground.
?④_Surrounded__(surround) by his students，the teacher went into the lab.
?技法3：勿忘时态和语态
?非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，既可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语)，也可以有时态和语态的变化。因此，在语法填空中不要忘了非谓语动词的时态和语态。?(2017·江苏高考)Many Chinese brands，______(develop)their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.
?[解题思路]
?①分析句子结构→句子已有谓语动词→判断缺少非谓语
?②判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语的关系→develop和brands存在主动关系
?③判断非谓语动词的时态→develop这个动作先于主句动作are＋facing.
?尝试解答：_having developed__
?[技法解读]
?1．非谓语动词的时态
?(1)若非谓语动词表示的动作是将来要发生的，要想到用不定式的一般式。
?He told me to clean the blackboard.他告诉我擦黑板。
?(2)若与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行，要想到用现在分词或不定式的进行式。
?He sat there，playing games.他坐在那里玩游戏。
?(3)若在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，要想到用现在分词、不定式或动名词的完成式。?Having been there many times，she knows the place quite well.由于已去过那里许多次了，她非常熟悉那个地方。
?I'm sorry for having kept you waiting.
?对不起让你久等了。
?2．非谓语动词的语态
?(1)不定式的被动式由“to be＋过去分词”构成。不定式完成时的被动语态由“to have been＋过去分词”构成。
?He needs to be taken care of.他需要人照顾。
?(2)现在分词和动名词被动语态由“being＋过去分词”构成。
?The building being repaired is our library.
?正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。
?注意：
?(1)动词need，require，want作“需要”讲时，其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语，有此相同用法的动词还有deserve“值得”。
?(2)形容词worth后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
?3．不定式to blame，to let等作表语时，用主动表示被动Nobody is to blame for it.谁也不该埋怨。?①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) _built_(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
?②_Being exposed_(expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.
?③As far as I am concerned，his suggestion is worth _considering_(consider)．
?④It's a great honour _to be invited_(invite)to Mary's birthday party.
?技法4：牢记固定结构
?一些固定搭配很实用，解题时注意一些关键的字眼，进而联想到相关结构。?(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less
likely______________(bring) your work home.
?[解题思路]
?根据固定结构→be likely to do sth.可能做某事
?尝试解答：_to bring__
?[技法解读]
?1．若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用动名词：
?喜欢考虑不可免( enjoy，consider，avoid)
?不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help，give up，risk)
?感激承认很值得(appreciate，admit，be worth)
?反对想象莫拖延(mind，imagine，delay，put off)
?允许完成是期待( allow，finish，look forward to)
?建议保持勤操练( suggest，keep，practice)
?致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to，excuse，insist on)
?继续成功不错过(keep on，succeed in，miss)
?2．若非谓语动词作下列动词的宾语，则只能用不定式：一准备( prepare)、二决定(decide，determine)、三要求( ask，demand，request)、四希望(desire，expect，hope，wish)；提供计划(offer，plan，intend)；设法学会(manage，learn)；未能选择(fail，choose)；只好乞求(beg)；拒绝答应(refuse，promise)；假装同意(pretend，
agree)。
?3．若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语补足语，则只能用不定式：?advise，allow，cause，beg，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，inform，order，persuade，permit，urge，want，warn，appeal to，depend on，wait for等。
?5．有些永远固定的非谓语动词形式的结构：considering that鉴于，考虑到；judging by/from从……来看；supposing/providing/provided/assuming that...假定，假设；compared with/to与……相比等。?6．若非谓语动词在下列结构中，则只能用不定式：so...as to...；such...as to...；enough to...；too...to...；the ＋序数词/next/only/last＋名词＋to do...以及it＋take＋时间＋to do sth.等结构。
?①(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Still，the boy kept _riding_ (ride)．He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.
?②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)It took years of work _to reduce__(reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water.
?③With so many children _talking_(talk) loudly，I couldn't settle down to my work.
?④_Judging_(judge) from his worried look，he must have failed in the entrance exam.
?非谓语动词解题三字诀“一析，二找，三定”
?一析，分析句子结构：
?若句中已有谓语动词且该谓话动词没有通过并列连词与括号中的动词并列，则应考虑填非谓语动词形式。
?二找，找准所给词的逻辑主语：
?找准所给词的逻辑主语，然后分析非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系：若是主动关系用现在分词形式，若是被动关系则用过去分词形式。
?三定，确定非谓语动词的时态：
?根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般或还是完成式。若非谓话动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，则用一般式；若非谓语动词的动作发生在谓话动词之前，则用完成式。
?提醒：注意不规则非谓语动词形式的拼写，如双写不算不规则die→dying；lie→lain；break→broken等。?易错点1混淆逻辑主语
?①(2017·西城一模)_Seen___(see) from this point，the problem presents no easy solution.
?②(母题变式)_Seeing_(see) from this point，we find no easy solution to the problem. ?[点拨]在句①中，逻辑主语the problem是动作(see)承受者，表被动，所以用过去分词(Seen)。而在句②逻辑主语we是动作see的发出者，表主动，所以用现在分词(Seeing)。位于句首注意大写。
?易错点2混淆谓语和非谓语
?①(2017·惠州三模)At the end of 2015，China had a population of 1.37 billion people，a total of 800 million of them _being_(be) employed.
?②(母题变式)At the end of 2015，China had a population of 1.37 billion people，a total of 800 million of whom __were__(be) employed.
?③(母题变式)At the end of 2015，China had a population of 1.37 billion people，and a total of 800 million of them _were_(be) employed.
?[点拨]
?句①因前后被逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此可判定处于后面的部分不是一个句子，应是句子的一个成分，用独立主格作状语。因句②有连词whom，可知其引导的是一个定语从句，由此可判断其后面也是个句子，故填谓语动词形式。句③因后面有连词and，可知其连接的是两个并列分句，由此可判断其后面也是个句子，故填谓语形式。
?易错点3混淆非谓语动词的时态
?①The building_being built_(build) now will be a French-style restaurant.
?②(母题变式)The building_to be built_(build) next year will be a French-style restaurant.
?③(母题变式)The building_built_(build)last year is a French-style restaurant.
?[点拨]
?句①中now说明大楼正在被建，故用非谓语动词进行式。句②中next year说明大楼将在明年被建，故用表将来的不定式。句③中last year说明大楼已被建，故用过去分词。
?Ⅰ.单句练习
??(2016·四川高考)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something__to eat__(eat) !??Five years later，Earhart became the first woman _to make_(make) the flight.
??(2014·辽宁高考) Keep_holding_(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and
flexibility.
??O·Henry was a pen name_used_(use) by an American writer of short stories.
??There were many people_waiting_(wait) at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
??Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only_to find_(find) it didn't fit.??_Devoted__(devote) to the research，he spends little time getting together with his family.
??(2017·天津高考)I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train _to catch__(catch)．?Ⅱ.语篇练习：用适当的非谓语形式填空
?Buying books on the Internet is a great way 1._to save_(save) time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and
?2._Used_(use) books that can save you a lot of money.What's more，they are far better 3._compared__ (compare) to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books.You can either click the kind of
e-book online or type the book title and get it in seconds.Another advantage of 4._shopping_(shop) online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers' reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth 5._buying_(buy)．Online bookstores offer great discounts，which is a big attraction for book lovers. ?For book lovers，it is most important 6._to get_( get)books in time.Therefore，you need to find a reliable online bookstore that will be able 7._to provide_(provide) fast deliveries.Here are some tips to use when 8._selecting_(select)an online bookstore.Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books; some are for non-fiction books or novels，etc... 9._Understanding_(understand) their specialization will help you get the right kinds of books in time.Check whether you will be buying the books from a third-party seller or directly from the websites.Never jump at stores that offer cheap prices，as books 10._sold_(sell)at such low prices could be in very bad condition.
??解析：动词不定式作后置定语，修饰a great way。
??解析：used books意为“二手书”。前面的new也给予提示。
??解析：compared to为固定短语，意为“与……相比”。
??解析：介词of后应该用动名词。
??解析：be worth doing sth.为固定表达，意为“某事值得做”。??解析：不定式短语作真正的主语，it作形式主语。
??解析：be able to do sth.能够做某事。
??解析：此处为状语从句when you are selecting an online bookstore的省略。??解析：分析句子结构可知，此处应为动名词短语作主语。
?解析：过去分词作后置定语，修饰books。
非谓语 动词专项及解析(1)
必备英语非谓语动词专项及解析 一、非谓语动词 1．The WWF is working hard _________ the animals in danger． A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：世界自然基金会正努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。此处表示 目的，应该用动词不定式。故选B。 【点评】考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的。 2．— Please stay with me this weekend. —I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这个周末请和我呆在一起吧。——我很抱歉，但是我父亲和 我很久前就计划去参观北京了。plan to do sth.，计划做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语plan to do sth. 3．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词 作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个 过程，故选C。 5． Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 【答案】 A
高三英语复习 非谓语动词考点总结归纳讲义
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高考非谓语动词专项练习220题
高考非谓语动词专项练习180题 非谓语动词专练（一） 1.Tell Mary that there's someone _______for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 2.There is a big dog _______to a fence outside the house. A. tying B. tied C. to tie D .ties 3.The_______waiter came up to us and said, "You are welcome." A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 4. _______the early train, you'll have to get up early and rush in a taxi. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 5.There, in the corner, sat three girls, _______. A. sew B. were sewing C. to sew D. sewing 6.Whether it will do us harm remains_______. A. seen B. seeing C. being seen D. to be seen 7.Whom would you rather have _______with you, him or me? A. to be gone B. gone C. going D. go 8.The power station keeps the villages ______ with electricity. A. supplied B. to supply C. supplying D. having supplied 9.The path in the park looked beautiful, _______ with _______ leaves. A. covered; falling B. covered; fallen C. covering; falling D. covering, fallen 10.I won't go to the party even if_______. A. inviting B. being invited C. invited D. having invited 11.All work is pleasant_ ______when the habit of working is formed. A. done B. doing C. to do D. to be done 12.The man _______in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor. A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. wore 13.People are talking about the new play _______in two weeks. A. to be put on B. to put on C. being put on D. put on 14.The man _______in the chair asked me to _______. A. seated; seated B. sitting; sitting C. seating; seat D. seated; be seated 15.I happened _______with him when he was hit by a stone. A.I was talking B. talking C. to talk D. to be talking 16.We are not sure which restaurant _______tonight. A. eating at B. for eating C. to eat at D. we eat 17.The way Della thought of _______enough money was to sell her beautiful hair. A. got B. to be got C. to get D. get 18.A phone call sent him _______to the hospital. A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurry D. hurried
[全国版][高三英语专题][第5讲 非谓语动词]讲义(学生版)
第5 讲非谓语动词 1.非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，在高考中通常以单项填空、语法填空或短文改错的题型考查，分值在2-4 分。 2.非谓语动词的命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。 3.非谓语动词的灵活掌握不仅能够帮助学生提高语法得分，而且有助于学生 理解完形填空和阅读理解中的长难句，在写作中灵活使用非谓语动词更能使 文章显得地道和精炼，提高写作得分。
观看MV《王二小》，划出下列句子中的非谓语动词，并说明该非谓语动词在句中的成分。 1.Herding the cattle is Wang Erxiao’s job. 2.Wang Erxiao wanted to cheat the enemy. 3.The enemy found themselves lost in the mountain. 4.The wind spread the moving story all over China. 5.They caught Wang Erxiao to ask for directions.
非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词 形式主动被动 不定式 to do to be done to be doing - to have done to have been done 现在分词 doing being done having done having been done 过去分词- done 动名词形式同现在分词
(word完整版)高中语法非谓语动词专项练习
非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing