外语考研二外英语翻译高分特训600句+100篇(2.1 英译汉专项练习 段落划线句子英译汉 历史类)
◆历史类
War has escaped the battlefield and now can,with modern guidance systems on missiles,touch virtually every square yard of the earth’s surface.War has also lost most of its utility in achieving the traditional goals of conflict.(1)Control of territory carries with it the obligation to provide subject peoples certain administrative,health,education,and other social services;such obligations far exceed the benefits of control.If the ruled population is racially different from the rulers,tensions and constant unrest often exist which further reduce the benefits and increase the costs of domination.(2)Large populations no longer necessarily enhance state power and,in the absence of high levels of economic development, can impose severe burdens on food supply,jobs,and the broad range of services expected of modern governments.The noneconomic security reasons for the control of territory have been progressively weakened by the advances of modern technology.(3)The benefits of forcing another nation to surrender its wealth are vastly exceeded by the benefits of persuading that nation to produce and exchange goods and services.In brief,imperialism no longer pays.
(4)Making war has been one of the most persistent of human activities in the 80centuries since men and women settled in cities and thereby became“civilized”, but the modernization of the past80years has fundamentally changed the role and function of war.In premodernized societies,successful warfare brought significant material rewards,the most obvious of which was the stored wealth of the defeated.
Equally important was human labor—control over people as salves or soldiers for the victor’s army,and there was the productive capacity—agricultural lands and mines.Successful warfare also produced spiritual benefits.The removal or destruction of a threat brought a sense of security,and power gained over others created pride and national self-esteem.
(5)War was accepted in the premodernized society as a part of the human condition,a mechanism of change,and an unavoidable,even noble,aspect of life. The excitement and drama of war made it a vital part of literature and legends.
(1)解析subject peoples受制的人民。
译文对领土的控制，意味着要为被征服地区的人们提供一定的行政、健康、教育以及其他社会服务；这种义务远远超过对领土控制所带来的益处。
(2)解析in the absence of没有…，缺乏…，当…不在场时。
译文人口众多不再一定会增加国力／是国力强大的象征；同时，由于缺乏经济发展的高水准，还会给现代政府在食物供给、就业，以及所应提供的各种服务方面带来沉重负担。
(3)解析句子主干为the benefits of...are exceeded by the benefits of...，即对两种利益的
比较。
译文逼迫一个民族交出其财富所获得的利益，远不如劝说其去生产、去交换物品和服务所获得的好处多。
(4)解析fundamentally根本上地。
译文自从人们定居在城市，随之也就文明化以来，发动战争一直是8000年来人类活动的惯技之一。但是近80年来的现代化历程从根本上改变了战争的角色和功能。(5)解析a part of the human condition,a mechanism of change,and an unavoidable,
even noble,aspect of life三个并列成分作介词as的宾语。
译文战争在前现代化社会中，被认为是人类生存的一部分，是变革所必经的途径，是生活中不可避免的、甚至是高尚的行为。
Gold has captivated man since the dawn of civilization.For centuries he braved arctic cold,tropic heat and inhuman privations to seize gold from the earth.He used it for religions objects,sculpture,jewelry and also as a symbol of wealth.(1) Paradoxically,he often buried it—for use in the after life,as the kings or emperors did,or for safekeeping against the uncertainties of this life.
Gold’s luster and rarity,which implied its owner possessed great power,gave it a musical quality from the start.Gold was considered divine in ancient Greece and was used to decorate temples and as an offering to the gods.(2)Despite their reverence,the ancients were quick to recognize gold’s practical qualities, particularly its malleability(延展性),which made it ideal for jewelry.Even Cleopatra used gold ornaments to enhance her charm.
(3)However,it has been as a symbol of wealth—of nations as well as individuals—that gold has played its most dramatic role.The quest for gold changed the course of history-shifting nations'borders and opening wilderness.
The cry“Gold!”probably launched more ships than a hundred Helens of Troy. History books tell us Columbus'expedition was inspired by his scientific curiosity. But it was also backed by Queen Isabella who might have been motivated to donate her jewels by more than just sympathy for his cause or desire for a trade route to the East.(4)Whatever the original motive might have been,certainly her royal spouse was moved by more than scientific triumph in1,500when he wrote to his men in South America:“Get gold,”he commanded,“humanely if possible,but at all hazards get gold.”
The inherent value of gold,perhaps enhanced by its mystique,made it a medium of exchange in many parts of the world.Payments were made in gold hundreds of years before550B.C.,when the first known gold coins were cast.King Croesus of Lydia(western Turkey),whose legendary wealth inspired the phrase”rich as Croesus“,is generally credited with that minting.(5)However,gold played a relatively minor monetary role until the great19th century gold rushes in California, Alaska,Canada and South Africa produced sufficient quantities to make wide-scale monetary use practical.
The artistic,industrial and ornamental uses of gold have changed little since ancient times,but its monetary use has been transformed.Gold coins,double eagles and sovereign can’t meet industrial societies'need for convenient and efficient money.Modern nations use paper Currency,base-metal coins,and checkbook balances to meet the needs of their fast-paced economies.
(1)解析句子主干是he often buried it。破折号后的内容是对主干的的进一步解释说明，它
包含两个由or连接的表示目的的介词短语。as引导方式状语从句，修饰for use in the after life。paradoxically自相矛盾地。safekeeping保护。uncertainty不确定性，不确定因素。
译文然而自相矛盾的是，人们常常将黄金埋藏起来——或者像帝王们那样为了用于来世，或者是为了妥善保管起来以备今生不时之需。
(2)解析本句包含which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰先行词malleability。particularly its
malleability是插入语。reverence崇敬，尊严。
译文尽管古人对黄金满怀敬畏之情，但他们很快就认识到了黄金的实用价值，特别是其延展性使黄金特别适合做首饰。
(3)解析本句是“it is／was…that”形式的强调句，破折号中间是插入语，将强调句分成两
部分。
译文然而，黄金是作为财富的象征——国家和个人财富的象征——才发挥出了它最引人注目的作用。
(4)解析Whatever引导让步状语从句，when引导时间状语从句，与“in1500”共同修饰
句子的谓语部分。might have done是对过去发生事情的猜测，表示不确定。more than意为“超出，不止”，往往表示否定含义。at all hazards冒一切风险，不惜任何代价。when引导的时间状语从句转译成原因状语从句。
译文不管女王最初的动机是什么，她的皇家夫婿的动机可绝不是仅仅为了取得科学上的辉煌。因为在1500年，他写信给他在南美的手下，命令他们“拿到金子，如果可能的话就采用人道的方式，但要不惜一切代价拿到金子。”
(5)解析本句主干是gold played a relatively minor monetary role，until引导时间状语
从句，不定式短语to make wide-scale monetary use practical作目的状语。gold rushes淘金热。
译文然而，在19世纪加利福尼亚、阿拉斯加、加拿大和南非的淘金热中生产出的黄金数量足以使黄金大范围作为货币使用成为可能之前，黄金发挥着相对较小的货币功能。
(1)In the early1950s,historians who studied pre-industrial Europe(which we may define here as Europe in the period roughly from1300to1800)began,for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the2or3percent who comprised the political and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.One difficulty,however,was that few of the remaining 97percent recorded their thoughts or had them chronicled by contemporaries. Faced with this situation,many historians based their investigations on the only records that seemed to exist:birth,marriage,and death records.(2)As a result, much of the early work on the non-elite was aridly statistical in nature reducing the vast majority of the population to a set of numbers hardly more enlightening than ignoring them altogether.Historians still did not know what these people thought or felt.One way out of this dilemma was to turn to the records of legal court for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard,as witnesses,plaintiffs, and defendants.These documents have acted as“a point of entry into the mental
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Bybrton历年考研英语翻译精解
Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep .-- Shakespeare 历年考研英语翻译精解 98年翻译题解： 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。1)主句是强调句it was... that...被强调部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past2) for...引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they were seeing是从句中的主语，that...是名词表语the patterns and structures的定语从句。第三、词的处理：even more important (省略)更为重要的是the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构15 billion years ago 150亿年前完整的译文：71)但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 第二、句子的主干结构是一个简单句。1)整体结构是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，说明前面的名词the Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短语是补语。第三、词的处理：the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云virtually 事实上，实际上，实质上the Big Bang 大爆炸理论first put forward 首创的，开始提出的in the 1920s 二十年代to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位explanation of the cosmos 对宇宙(起源论)的解释 完整的译文：72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。 73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon.第二、句子主干结构是：1)主语+并列谓语Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...2)分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主语的定语。 第三、词的处理：working with 使用，以……为工作手段ground-based detectors 陆基探测器the South Pole 南极balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器are closing in on 正越来越近structures 云系findings 观测结果 完整的译文：73)天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。 74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是“If引导的条件句，主句”。2)look as expected是
商务英语翻译
湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲 课程名称：商务英语翻译课程代码：05355 第一部分课程性质与目标 一、课程性质与特点 商务英语翻译是湖北省高等教育自学考试商务英语专业（专科）的一门专业基础课。该课程实践性强，注重专业知识，以课文的英译汉为主要内容，配以翻译理论和互译技巧的讲解，将英语学习与商务专业知识、英汉翻译理论与商务方面的实际应用等有机结合。本课程具备科学性，典型性，实用性，并紧扣全国国际商务专业技术资格考试中的规定的相关内容，理论联系实际，针对性强。 二、课程目标及基本要求 本课程较全面的涉及到了商务英语活动的各方面，讲解相关内容的翻译方法与技巧，增强翻译技能，通过大量全真的英汉互译的实例训练以达到提高本专业学生在专业英语及商务知识方面的翻译能力的目的。 通过本课程的学习，使学生能够全面、灵活地运用各种翻译方法和技巧，准确、完整地对各种商务英语体裁的文章进行翻译，达到商务英语专业大学专科的要求。 三、与本专业其他课程的关系 商务英语翻译课程的前期课程有综合英语（上）、商务英语听说、商务英语阅读、商务英语写作等课程，其后续课程是综合英语（下）、商务函电等课程，这些课程紧密联系，相辅相成。 第二部分考核内容与考核目标 第一单元 一、学习目的与要求 通过本单元的学习，使学生了解翻译的过程，翻译的形式及其目的；掌握《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的有关内容；对国际商务合同的术语翻译和解读。 二、考核知识点与考核目标 （一）翻译中的词类转换；翻译的形式（重点） 理解：词类转换： 1.英语名词转化为汉语动词 1)动物名词的转化 2)人体名词的转换 3)自然现象名词的转化 4)地点名词的转化 2.英语名词转为为汉语形容词、副词 应用：翻译的形式 (1)直译literal translation (2)意译free translation (3)活译dynamic equivalence translation
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事项
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事 项
英语翻译技巧之英译汉的八处注意事项 ~从细节处把握翻译~ 要真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难；首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，因此一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭。二是中文表示难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好象在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的文章，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，因此，我们必须经过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，以找出一般的表示规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表示的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指
一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义一般能够从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .她们相似极了。（形容词）He likes mathematics more than physics .她喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词） 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。He is the last man to come .她是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .她最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪她。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 词义引伸是我们英译汉时常见的技巧之一。翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死
历年考研英语真题作文考研十年作文精选范文+翻译
考研英语十年真题大作文（2002-2011） 一、题目 2002 Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures---National and International” In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2.give your comments on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. 2003 Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life. 2004 Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1. describe the drawing. 2. interpret its meaning, and 3. support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
全国商务英语翻译统一考试
英译汉 China has pulled out all the stops to get the 2008 Olympic Games after a heartbre aking loss to Sydney for 2000. State media here have steadily promised a world-beatin g Game at a cost of $20 to $40 billion. Yet such triumphal tones are now giving way t o a more modest depiction of the 2008 enterprise. One former Chinese official, speakin g on terms of anonymity, stated that, “It goes against the Chinese tradition of modest y for us to brag about our games. We need to ensure the quality of materials is high. That's been the problem in our past. It isn't just the c ost. But this plan does cost a lot, and we need to be practical.” Beijing secured the 2008 Olympics after a hard-fought competition with Paris and Toronto. For China, snagging the Olympics was not only a matter of prestige but of int ernational respect. More important, as a Security Council member and a rising power i n Asia, the victory brought confidence that China would now be able to show the worl d its efficient central-planning system and its new technocratic class of savvy organizati onal managers who would put on a world-class games. Still, despite continued hopes for private-sector contributions, the financing side of the games remains largely state-run. The principal partners are state-owned enterprise s: The Bank of China, Air China, and China Netcom. Volkswagen has signed on, howev er, as has General Electric and McDonald''s. Asia''s booming initial-public-offering market is a sure sign that solid economic recov ery is growing deeper roots. The rush to list shares on the region''s stockmarkets signa ls that Asia''s entrepreneurs are back in the game. And it''s not all internet company fe ver, though there''s plenty of that; companies in many industries are lining up to issu e shares. In Hong Kong China, eight companies have listed on the Growth Enterprise Marke t, which opened in late November. The latest to join GEM, China Data Broadcast Holdin gs, rose 310% on its first day of trading on January 24. As in the United States, stoc k valuations sometimes don''t make much sense to traditional-minded investors. But th e stockmarket isn''t about making sense, it''s about making money.
经典英文段落翻译__英译汉15篇
1.意大利著名旅行家马可。波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己社在天堂。”在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收，宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。在杭州，您可以饱览西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步街头闹市，品尝一下杭州的名菜名点，还可购上几样名特土产。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the mist fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangz hou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products. 2.在设备制造期间，雇主的代表有权对根据合同提供的全部工程设备的材料和工艺进行检查、研究和检验，同时检查其制造进度。这一切应在工作时间内于承包商的工厂里进行。如果工程设备正在其它第三方工厂制造，承包商应为卖方代表获得他能在该工厂进行此类检查、研究和检验的许可。此类检查、研究或检验不应解除承包商在合同中的任何义务。 The Employer’s representative shall be entitled during manufacture to inspect, examine and test the materials and workmanship and check the progress of manufacture of all Plants to be supplied under the Contract. This shall take place on the Contractor’s promises during working hours. If the plant is being manufactured on other premises, the Contractor shall obtain permission for the Employer’s representative to carry out such inspection, examination and testing on those premises. 3. 雇主或项目经理提交给承包商的雇主的图纸，技术规格以及其它资料仍应为雇主的财产。除非是为了合同的需要，未经雇主同意，承包商不得使用、复制这些材料或将之传递给第三方。 承包商应对承包商的图纸中的任何错误或遗漏负责，除非他们可归因与雇主或项目经理提供的不正确的雇主图纸或其它书面资料。项目经理对承包商的图纸的批准不应解除本款规定的承包商的任何责任。 The Employe r’s drawings, specification and other information submitted by the Employer or the Project Manager to the Contractor shall remain the property of the Employer. They shall not, without the consent of the Employer, be used, copied or communicated to a third party by the Contractor unless necessary for the purposes of the Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for any errors or omissions in the Contractor’s Drawings unless they are due to incorrect Employer’s Drawings or other written information supplied by the Employer or the Project Manager. Approval by the Project Manager of the Contractor’s drawings shall not relieve the Contractor from any responsibility under this Sub-Clause.
考研英语翻译历年真题
1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 （73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，