视译的基本原则知识讲解

所谓视译就是看着中文稿不间断地口头翻译成英文或看着英文稿不间断地口头翻译成中文。视译是同声传译中最常用的训练方法之一。如果议员视译与和发言人保持同步，这种方式就是同声传译中的“带稿同传”。

现在视译训练的科学合理性已经得到了充分的证明和广泛的认可，所以视译练习也越来越多地被用于交替传译的培训中。

视译中常用的方法。

一、断句

所谓断句是指将英语或汉语句子按照适当的意群或概念单位，进行切割处理并译成汉语或英语。例如：

I come to China /at an important time.

译：我来到中国访问，正逢一个重要的时刻。

They built the bridge /in two months.

译：他们建这座桥，只花了两个月。

Aristotle,/the greatest of the ancient Greek writers,/had written a work /containing all the knowledge of his time.

译：亚里士多德是最伟大的古希腊作家，曾写过一部著作，囊括了同时代所有的知识。请允许我/作自我介绍。

译：Pleas allow me /to introduce myself.

我很乐意/为您排忧解难。

译：I am very glad/ to help you out.

6.今晚/公司总经理李先生/将设宴为您洗尘。

译：Tonight/ Mr.Li, MD of the company /will host a reception banquet for you.

二、等待:是指在视中有意识地等一下，等到上下文比较清楚时再开口翻译。

1.They are trying hard to realize the objective of modernization /and democratization.

译：他们正在努力实现（等一下）现代化和民主化的目标。

2.There remains a sizable gap between aspiration/ and accomplishment.

译：愿望与成果之间仍有相当大的差距。

3.We know that oxygen is necessary for the breathing of animals and plants, and for burning.

译：我们知道氧气对于动植物的呼吸和燃烧是必不可少的。

4.我叫洪建信，是中美制药有限公司的副总经理。

译：I am Hong Jianxin, deputy MD of the Sino-American Pharmaceutical Co,.Ltd.

5.我为能在上海接待您和您的家人而深感愉快，我很高兴我们能在今后的半年里合作共事。

译：I am very glad to receive you and your family in Shanghai and I am very happy to work with you for the second half of the year.

三、转换

转换指词类变换。英语中非动词可以转换成汉语动词，如英语名词、介词、形容词和副词等都可以转换成汉语动词。

1.Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security.

译：每个国家自己才能最好地判断需要什么来保卫自己的国家安全。

2.The chairman of the working group has given a report on the work of the group.

译：工作组主席汇报了改组的工作。

3.感谢你为我们所作的如此精心的安排。

译：Thank you for your thoughtful arrangements.

四、重复

重复也是视译中常用的技巧。重复可以出于各种目的，如语法、修辞、突出重点等。

1.I hope the meeting will not be too long ,for it will only waste time.

译：我希望这次会议不要开得太久，太久（这）会浪费时间。

2.He left for London as soon as he received the instruction from his boss.

译：他启程去了伦敦。收到老板的指示之后他就动身了。

五、增补

中文重意合，英文重形合，这一特点意味着中译英时，需做许多增补。如，“他不干我干，” 译成中文时，就要判断出上下文所确定的准确含义，并增加相应的连接词，即假设关系：“（如果）他不干，我干”；因果关系：“（因为）他不干，我干”。还有其它种种关系。英译中增补也是必不可少的方法。

1.Implementation of international human rights standards must be pursued with vigor.

译：贯彻国际人权标准的工作必须大力进行。

2.United Nations system organizations differ in terms of mandates, structure and professional capacity.

译：联合国系统组织各有差异，在职权、结构、和业务方面都是如此。

3.Primary attention should be given to science and technology for development.

译：要优先关注科学技术促进发展问题。

4.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？

译：I am so delightful to have a friend from afar.

六、省略

原话中有些短语或词汇，在译语中不必翻译出来。

1.The country has increased its overall strength.

译：该国综合国力大增。

2.Will all those who are in favor of this draft resolution, please raise your hands ?

译：赞成的请举手。

3..如果我们没有社会与政治稳定的国内环境，没有和平与发展的国际环境，没有中外经济与技术合作，我们的这次重大改革是不可能奏效的。

译：Without a domestic environment with social and political stability, without an international environment with peace and development, without economic and technological cooperation with other countries, our reform won’t achieve the anticipated results.

七、反说

1.I couldn’t agree with you more.

译：我完全同意你的意见。

2.We shall decide on procedural matters before we start a general debate.

译：我们将决定程序问题，然后再开始一般性辩论。

3.No nation can live in peace without theses principles.

译：任何国家要和平生存就必须遵守这些原则。